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© Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 221 of 22
Revitalising CBDs
Birmingham case study
© Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 22
What are the problems of the CBD?
What are the solutions? ~ Birmingham CBD
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© Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 22
What are the problems of the CBD?
What are the solutions? ~ Birmingham CBD
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Explain three reasons why the CBD’s traditional
role as the main shopping centre for the
surrounding region has been under threat:
a) Busy traffic in the CBD (1960s-80s)
b) Out of town shopping malls (1990s)
c) Internet shopping (2008 onwards)
Task A – CBDs under threat
© Boardworks Ltd 20055 of 22
Explain two ways CBDs are fighting back
threat:
a) Pedestrianisation (1980s-90s)
b) New attractive CBD shopping malls
with anchor stores and
parking/public transport (2000s +)
Task B – The CBD fights back
© Boardworks Ltd 20056 of 22
In your case study make the following notes:
1. Why did Birmingham’s CBD go into decline?
2. What was done to help Birmingham’s CBD
fight back?
3. How successful has the Bullring
regeneration been?
Task C – Birmingham City CBD case study
© Boardworks Ltd 20057 of 22
Why did Birmingham’s CBD decline?
In 1989 the Merry
Hill out-of-town
shopping centre
opened.
Birmingham’s
CBD saw a
decline in trade
of 12% over the
next 5 years.
1960s urban
highways
separated the
CBD from the
rest of the city,
making the
CBD hard to
get to.
© Boardworks Ltd 20058 of 22
What are the problems of the CBD?
What are the solutions? ~ Birmingham
CBD
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How is Birmingham’s CBD fighting back?
The City Centre is the cornerstone of the City Council's
commitment to raise Birmingham's national and international
profile. It is becoming a highly attractive and accessible place to
visit and do business. Its reputation and influence as a major
business, tourism and international meeting place continue to
grow.
© Boardworks Ltd 200510 of 22
How is Birmingham’s CBD fighting back?
Birmingham City Council’s
main priorities for the City
Centre are to:
maintain and improve
access to the City Centre
by both public and private
transport
improve the quality of the
environment, particularly
for pedestrians
© Boardworks Ltd 200511 of 22
Regeneration schemes: New Street
Birmingham City Council
has implemented many
regeneration schemes for
its CBD.
These include:
New Street development
The Bull Ring
The Mail Box
© Boardworks Ltd 200512 of 22
Regeneration schemes: The Bull Ring
Birmingham City Council
has implemented many
regeneration schemes for
its CBD.
These include:
New Street development
The Bull Ring
The Mail Box
© Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 22
Bringing shops and shoppers back
The Bull Ring is one of the oldest
parts of Birmingham and has been
a market site for over 800 years.
The 1964 shopping centre was
described by The Birmingham
Post in 2003 as ‘a symbol of 60s
urban decay’. From the 1980s,
plans were made to rebuild the
Bull Ring and in 2000 it was finally
demolished. The largest retail
regeneration project in Europe,
costing £500 million, was put into
action. The Bull Ring reopened in
June 2003.
© Boardworks Ltd 200514 of 22
Regeneration schemes: The Mail Box
Birmingham City Council
has implemented many
regeneration schemes for
its CBD.
These include:
New Street development
The Bull Ring
The Mail Box
© Boardworks Ltd 200515 of 22
What can be done with empty buildings?
The Mail Box on Wharfside Street
used to be Birmingham’s Royal Mail
Sorting Office.
Its shell has been retained and the
inside redeveloped into a multi-use
mall.
40 retail outlets, including Harvey
Nichols and Emporio Armani
Two hotels – Malmaison and Days
Hotel
Office space – it is the new HQ for
BBC Birmingham.
200 ‘executive’ apartments.
© Boardworks Ltd 200516 of 22
Study the photograph.
In which part of a city was this photograph taken?
Give two reasons for your answer.
In recent years this area of a city has suffered problems.
Using examples you have studied, explain how these problems have been managed.
Examination question
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Key ideas
The traditional characteristics of the CBD have created
many problems.
Problems are environmental, economic and social.
The main problems have resulted from the movement of
shops and offices to edge-of-town locations.
Regeneration schemes aim to improve the environment,
reuse buildings and brownfield sites, create employment
and attract more visitors.
Birmingham City Centre has several projects that are
successful examples of regeneration.