2012-2013 Fall Semester

EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM

ARCH 556: Conservation & Design in Historic EnvironmentsInstructor: Prof.Dr. Naciye DoratlıStudent: Koorosh Ghotb 115125

Revitalizing “Intramuros” (Walled city of Manila,

Philippines )

• In the 16th century, the Spanish colonial government established Ciudad Manila (City of Manila) as its political, religious, and administrative capital in the Philippines. The city’s core was the colonial administrative center, which was built within the walled compound of Intramuros (literally, “within the walls”, but today referred to as the “Walled City”).

• Intramuros’s location was actually the site of Raja Soliman’s 13th century trading post, which had been surrounded by a wooden palisade and is strategically located on the shore of Manila Bay at the mouth of the Pasig River.

Source: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com

History and Background

Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com

• At the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898, Spain relinquished control of the Philippines to the United States.

Plaza Mayor de Manila in the 18th Century

Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com

History and Background

• In 1944, more than 90% of Intramuros had been Destroyed in World War II

Intramuros at the End of World War II

Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com

The gate of Fort Santiago during World War IIThe reconstructed gate of Fort Santiago

Fort Santiago was built by the Spanish between 1589 and 1592. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, it was used as prison and the dungeons for torture of the inmates. The fort was heavily damaged by U.S. artillery fire during the Battle of Manila (3.2.1945 - 3.3.1945).

http://en.tracesofwar.com http://en.tracesofwar.com

• In 1966, the Intramuros Restoration Committee (IRC) was formed with the goal of restoring the city.

• In 1972 With the imposition of martial law, IRC was abolished, and responsibility for restoring and managing Intramuros passed to the Intramuros Administration. From its founding in 1979 until 1986, the Intramuros Administration aggressively carried out restoration work on Intramuros’s fortifications. This included: archival research archaeological excavation preparation of restoration plans site clearing and constructionadjusting restoration plans as archaeological finds produced

additional information for restoration works.• In 1973, the government of Spain presented the initial plan for

Intramuros’s restoration as a historic district was the “Tourism Development Plan for Intramuros, Manila” to the Government of Philippines.

Revitalizing Program

The Aduana, Past and Present

San Ignacio Church, Past and Present

• In 1980, the plan was revived and updated as the Intramuros Development Plan, with the goal of restoration and development of Intramuros as a functional community.

• In 1992, Intramuros Urban Development Plan was completed by various restoration, planning, and development control regulations relating to Intramuros.

Following annunciation of the Intramuros Urban Development Plan of 1992, the Intramuros Administration began implementing land resource management techniques to facilitate Intramuros’s revitalization. These included:• purchasing historic sites and structures for later use as offices• consolidating lots to provide room for large-scale projects• acquiring properties of historical and cultural significance• swapping privately-owned land within Intramuros for government-

owned land outside the area as a means of implementing its transfer of development rights scheme.

The positive impact of these techniques is visible in Intramuros’s northeastern sector. Sites and ruins of major heritage structures have been cleared of illegal settlers and properly protected.

Revitalizing Program

• At the turn of the 21st century, the Philippines’ taipans* expanded their corporate activities to support major academic institutions.

*In the Philippines, the term taipan refers to a highly successful Filipino businessperson of Chinese origin.

17%

17%

65%

1%Church

Government (excluding walls, golf courses, parks)

Private and corporate

Unknown

Owner Area (m²)

Church68,625.

90

Government (excluding walls, golf course, and parks)

68,717.73

Private and corporate

253,202.20

Unknown3,215.2

0

Land Ownership in Intramuros

CHECKLIST FOR: Intramuros

DYNAMICS OF PLACE

High

Static

Declining  after war the city was declined for years

OBSOLESCENCE

Physical About 90% of city was destroyed in world war II

Functional Most of building was destroyed

Locational

Image Because of was there are no appropriate image of the city

STRATEGIC APPROACH

REGENERAT

ION• Trying to bringing back the entire fabric

DIVERSIFIC

ATION

RESTRUCTU

RING

IMPLEMENTA

TION

ORGANI

ZATION

AL

PUBLIC

PUBLIC-

PRIVATE

. Most of the city was regenerated by Intramuros Administration

. Philippines’ taipans was expanded their corporate activities to support major

academic institutions

PRIVATE

FINANCIA

L

INCENTIVES

SUBSIDIESGovernment was purchased historic sites and structures for later use by fair

price

GRANTS

 . Philippines’ taipans was expanded their corporate activities to support

major academic institutions