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11

RewardingtheUplandPoorforEnvironmentalServices:LessonsandChallengesfor

REDD+

RodelD.LascoWorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF)

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What

is

RUPES?

AnIFADfundedprojectsince2003

WithlearningsitesinBakun,Kalahan,Bukidon

Coveringwaterandcarbonpayments

Inthistalk,focusoncarbonpayments

2

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3

Sunderland, 2011

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4

1.

Transaction

costs:lessons

from

the

CDM

Basefinancingfortreeplantinglacking

Transactioncostsignificant(>US$200,000)

Carboncreditsnotsufficienttocovertotalcostofproject

NoCDMprojecthasbeenapprovedinthePhilippines

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5

Example:

5,000

ha

in

the

Philippines

Annual project cost (2001-2025)

Total= US$ 3.4 M

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

50,000,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Year

US$

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6

Total cost of each project component, in US$Total cost= US$ 3.4 M

2,616,081

423,170

242,988

ReforestationAgroforestry

Short rotation

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7

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

US$

HS

REFO

HS AF HS Total MS

REFO

MS AF MS Total LS REFO LS AF LS Total

Estimated Income from Carbon Credits at US$ 15/tC

1CP

2CP

3CP

4CP

Cost

Can be made profitable byIncluding harvest from

products like wood and fruits!

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2.Measuringandmonitoringof

carbonbenefits(MRV)

Posehugechallengesespeciallyforforest

degradation.

difficulttomonitorbecauseavailabledataarelimited,highlyuncertain,andnotreadily

detectablefromexistingsatellites

TheIPCCapproachcanbeused

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9

Stock-differenceapproach

Gain-loss

approach

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3.

Equitable

sharing

of

benefits

Carbonpaymentmustbesharedfairly

especiallytolocalfarmersandlandmangers

Withlittleexperienceinhandlingcarbonpayments,therearefewmodelstolearnfrom

Smallfarmerscouldbeeasedout

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HowaREDDmechanismmaylooklike.

Angelsen and Wertz-Kanounnikof, 2008

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4.Protectingsmallfarmersand

indigenouspeoplesrights

Therightsoflocalandindigenouspeoplesmaybe

threatenedunderREDD.

TherightsofIndigenousPeoplesnecessaryforsuccessofREDD

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5.

Governance

Theabilityofnationalandlocalinstitutionsto

managetheREDDprocessneedstobe

addressedthroughacapacitybuilding

program.

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Corruption:

An

ever

present

danger

*Calculated using, corruption, voice andaccountability and force of law indices Sunder land, 2011

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6.

Promoting

co

benefits

Forestsproducemanyothergoodsand

servicesotherthancarbonwhichmustalsobe

protected.

Localcobenefitsegwatershedprotection,biodiversityconservation

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Global

C

storage

by

biome

http://www.carbon-biodiversity.net/Issues/CarbonStorage

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Globalplantdiversity

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7.

Multiple

stakeholders

Asaresultofthepreceding,therearemany

stakeholdersconcernedwithhowforestsare

managed.

Egsmall/largefarmers,hydropower,irrigation,woodindustry,(eco)tourism

Theirinterestswillhavetobeconsideredin

REDD

implementation.

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CIFOR Workshop (Castella, 2011)

workshop of scientists with extensive knowledge about

9 target landscapes, Priority countries for UN-REDD Programme and/or the

World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility

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Pro-Poor REDD+ Requirements

(Castella, 2011)

Government

facilitator

Community /social

organisationsOtherstakeholders:

foreststewards,

agribusiness,verifiers Individuals /local

community

REDD

creditbuyers

Voluntary

markets

Negotiations Rewards

Monitoring

Property

rights

Benefit

sharing

Landscape carbon

value & opportunitycosts

State facilitation ofREDD+ implementation

at landscape level

Land tenure and carbonrights for local people

Rewards and incentivesfor local people

Strength of localorganisations to

represent local people

Carbon

landscapes

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In

Summary REDD+couldprovidefinancingforforest

conservationandmanagement Butdontholdyourbreath

It

maybe

years

before

any

significant(?)

funds

flow!

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2222

Thankyou!