Rheology Control of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC)
Jiang Du Weina MengAdvanced Concrete Technology (ACT) Lab Department of Civil Environmental and Ocean EngineeringStevens Institute of TechnologyPhone (201)-216-8711Email WeinaMengstevensedu
2
Advantages of UHPC Improvement of Flexural Behavior of UHPC Method of Rheology Control for Better Fiber Distribution Performance of Optimized UHPC by Rheology Control Conclusions and Future Research
Outline
bull High mechanical strengths Compressive strength (28 days) ge 120 MPa Tensile strength (28 days) ge 7 MPa
bull Strain-hardening behavior
CC
FRC
UHPC
Tens
ile st
ress
Tensile strain0
UHPC ultra-high performance concreteHPC high-performance concrete
CC
HPC
UHPC
Com
pres
sive
stre
ss
Compressive strain0
FRC fiber-reinforced concrete CC conventional concrete
3
Advantages of UHPC
4
280 mmbull Durability Low life-cycle cost
bull Super workability (self-consolidating) Low construction energy (no mechanical vibration for consolidation) High construction quality
Advantages of UHPC
5
Through four-point flexural test (ASTM C 1609)bull Beam specimen 406 x 76 x 76 mmbull Hardening behavior (fiber content ge 1)bull Flexural properties improve with increase of fiber content
bull Can we improve flexural properties without increasing fiber content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 004 inch
Existing Improvement Method for Flexural Behavior
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
2
Advantages of UHPC Improvement of Flexural Behavior of UHPC Method of Rheology Control for Better Fiber Distribution Performance of Optimized UHPC by Rheology Control Conclusions and Future Research
Outline
bull High mechanical strengths Compressive strength (28 days) ge 120 MPa Tensile strength (28 days) ge 7 MPa
bull Strain-hardening behavior
CC
FRC
UHPC
Tens
ile st
ress
Tensile strain0
UHPC ultra-high performance concreteHPC high-performance concrete
CC
HPC
UHPC
Com
pres
sive
stre
ss
Compressive strain0
FRC fiber-reinforced concrete CC conventional concrete
3
Advantages of UHPC
4
280 mmbull Durability Low life-cycle cost
bull Super workability (self-consolidating) Low construction energy (no mechanical vibration for consolidation) High construction quality
Advantages of UHPC
5
Through four-point flexural test (ASTM C 1609)bull Beam specimen 406 x 76 x 76 mmbull Hardening behavior (fiber content ge 1)bull Flexural properties improve with increase of fiber content
bull Can we improve flexural properties without increasing fiber content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 004 inch
Existing Improvement Method for Flexural Behavior
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
bull High mechanical strengths Compressive strength (28 days) ge 120 MPa Tensile strength (28 days) ge 7 MPa
bull Strain-hardening behavior
CC
FRC
UHPC
Tens
ile st
ress
Tensile strain0
UHPC ultra-high performance concreteHPC high-performance concrete
CC
HPC
UHPC
Com
pres
sive
stre
ss
Compressive strain0
FRC fiber-reinforced concrete CC conventional concrete
3
Advantages of UHPC
4
280 mmbull Durability Low life-cycle cost
bull Super workability (self-consolidating) Low construction energy (no mechanical vibration for consolidation) High construction quality
Advantages of UHPC
5
Through four-point flexural test (ASTM C 1609)bull Beam specimen 406 x 76 x 76 mmbull Hardening behavior (fiber content ge 1)bull Flexural properties improve with increase of fiber content
bull Can we improve flexural properties without increasing fiber content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 004 inch
Existing Improvement Method for Flexural Behavior
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
4
280 mmbull Durability Low life-cycle cost
bull Super workability (self-consolidating) Low construction energy (no mechanical vibration for consolidation) High construction quality
Advantages of UHPC
5
Through four-point flexural test (ASTM C 1609)bull Beam specimen 406 x 76 x 76 mmbull Hardening behavior (fiber content ge 1)bull Flexural properties improve with increase of fiber content
bull Can we improve flexural properties without increasing fiber content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 004 inch
Existing Improvement Method for Flexural Behavior
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
5
Through four-point flexural test (ASTM C 1609)bull Beam specimen 406 x 76 x 76 mmbull Hardening behavior (fiber content ge 1)bull Flexural properties improve with increase of fiber content
bull Can we improve flexural properties without increasing fiber content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 004 inch
Existing Improvement Method for Flexural Behavior
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
6
When fibers are fixed tensile properties of UHPC are closely associated with
UniformNon-uniform
Along loading directionPerpendicular to loading
ForceForceForce
Force
UHPC matrixFibers
Both fiber dispersion and orientation are controlled by the rheological properties of UHPC suspending mortarmatrix
bull Fiber Dispersion A uniform fiber dispersion is preferred for the quality of UHPC
bull Fiber Orientation Fibers along the loading direction can help resist tensile force
Improve Flexural Behavior through Rheology Control
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
7
Rsup2 = 09931
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
00 50 100 150 200
Shea
r str
ess (
Pa)
shear rate (1s)
Mini-slump = 280 mm
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574120591120591 = 2137 + 479 120574
Shea
r str
ess 120591120591
Shear strain rate 0 120574120574
1205911205910 = Yield stress120649120649120782120782
120525120525119953119953
Bingham
μ119901119901 = Plastic viscosity
120591120591 = 1205911205910 + μ119901119901 120574120574
1 Pa=000015 psi
Use Bingham Model to determine plastic viscosity
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
8
Cast method is important for rheology control
Flow direction
bull Inclined chute with angle of around 30 degreesbull Concrete flows itself from one side of beam to the other
Cast method of UHPC beams
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
9
Formwork
Formwork
Shear zone
Shear zone
Flow-induced orientation of fibers
bull Minimize thickness of plug flow zone by minimizing yield stress (high mini slump flow)
bull Fibers are re-oriented during casting UHPC in a formwork due to gradient of flow velocity
bull Improve fiber orientation and dispersion by optimizing plastic viscosity
Plug flow zone
Cast method of UHPC beams
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
10
Linear relationship
Plastic viscosity (μp)
Flexural properties (with fibers)
Fiber distribution (orientation and dispersion)
Cut sections
Flow time
Establish relations of rheological properties
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
11
Binary images of the cross sections of beam specimensVMA-0 VMA-10
Fiber orientation coefficient (η)η = 1 fibers aligned perpendicular to cross section
Fiber dispersion coefficient (α)α = 1 fibers uniformly dispersed
Image analysis for fiber dispersion and orientation
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
12
Effect of Rheology on Flexural Properties of UHPC
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
13
3 Different MixturesThe flow time of each mortar was controlled to ①16s ②48sasymp46s ③93s
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
48s
48 s
Validation of Rheology Control Concept
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
14
9
15 16
20
9
1719
23
8
16
21
26
7
15
20
27
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 1 2 3
Flex
ural
stre
ngth
(MPa
)
Steel fiber content () WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
28
37
47
38 41
55
31
49
59
32
47
68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
Diss
ipat
ed E
nerg
y (J)
Steel fiber content ()WG-0 WG-018 WG-022 WG-027
bull Welan gum (WG) powder and high-range water reducer (HRWR) were used to control the rheological properties of UHPC mortar
UHPC with Higher Fiber Content
1 kN = 224 pounds 1 mm = 0039 inch 1 MPa = 015 ksi
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
15
1 For UHPC containing 2 of micro steel fibers the peakfiber dispersion coefficient was achieved at a plasticviscosity of 53 Pas
2 The fiber orientation coefficient monotonically increasedwith plastic viscosity up to about 100 Pas
3 The optimal mini V-funnel flow time of suspending mortarwas determined to be 46s that ensures the greatestflexural performance of UHPC
4 Replacing the steel fibers with PE fibers while controllingthe rheology properties
5 Study on full-scale UHPC beamsslabs with rheologycontrol
6 Develop a self-cooling UHPC for better rheology using infiled applications
Conclusions and Future Research
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
ThanksContactWeinaMengstevensedu
