Reproductive health and

family planning

Boris Denisovboris-denisov.blogspot.com

This is a research seminarI am providing a general outline

You are making presentations of your:

● research project● review of current or other literature● report on country specific, or● any other project related to our general topic

Finally you will have an exam or something like this.

I will be your examiner, thus the result depends upon your work in class.

Communicationboris-denisov.blogspot.com

or

denisov@demography.ru

or

your offer

Classes1. Jan 28, 18-10—21-002. Feb 11, 15-10—18-003. Feb 25, 15-10—18-004. Mar 10, 18-10—21-005. Mar24, 18-10—21-00

What is reproductive health ?● RH is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters

relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life.

● It implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life, the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.

● Men and women should be informed about and have access to safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable methods of family planning of their choice.

What is family planning?

Family planning is a conscious effort of couples or individuals to control the number and spacing of births.

Study topics (some)● Reproductive health (fecundity, infertility, diseases)

● Safe motherhood, maternal mortality

● Family planning, birth control, methods’ development and history

● Unwanted pregnancy and safe abortion

● Risky sexual behavior, STDs and HIV/AIDS epidemics

● Adolescents

● Gender inequality and domestic violence

more topics● measures of reproductive health

● contraceptive prevalence and unmet need

● world trends

● problems in Russia and other nations

● population health policies (examples)

● and more

The most acute problems, according to the UN1. risky sexual behavior and its consequences2. high maternal mortality (avoidable in most cases)3. gender inequality and gender violence4. access to RH care (esp for youth and migrants)5. early motherhood

Outcomes of Pregnancies, Worldwide, 2012

Sedgh, G., Singh, S. and Hussain, R. (2014), Intended and Unintended Pregnancies Worldwide in 2012 and Recent Trends. Studies in Family Planning, 45: 301–314

Think about your research project● Make your choice from the above list● Combine two or more topics● Offer your own topic

It is important for you

Why it might be also important for others?

Data sources● Aggregated/tabulated

○ National statistical and special agencies○ UN family (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA)

● Raw data○ DHS (http://www.dhsprogram.com/)○ MICS (http://mics.unicef.org/)

○ RLMS-HSE (http://www.hse.ru/en/rlms/)etc

● Secondary data○ pubmed/medline, ○ google scholar,○ etc

Limitation of Data● sensitive● self-reported● gender discrimination● objective measurements and diagnostics

Heterogeneity of Data● Quantifiable● Quantifiable in Principle

○ sexual practices○ use of contraception○ personal hygiene

● Qualitative

proximate and contextual variables

Why demography ?In many universities it is a subject of a division of public health or even medicine, sometimes sociology/gender studies

Basic balance equation:

● migration● mortality● fertility

Mostly related to women

RH of men = future?

Why HIV/AIDS ?● mortality and population structures● sex and sexual behavior● fertility● family stability and orphanhood● women is a vulnerable group, as well as children

Biodemographic measures● Sex ratios (foetal, at birth, at age at marriage, at age 50)● Age (at menarche, at the first coitus, at marriage, at birth, at menopause)● Intervals (to marriage, to the 1st birth, between births)● Fertility, fecundity, fecundability● Natural and observed fertility● Delayed marriage, fertility aging

Sex ratio at birth (normally 105 boys per 100 girls)why not 1 to 1? (Fisher's principle)

differs with age

sexual preferences and examples of unusual deviations?

countries

Age -15, sex ratio

Age 65+, sex ratio

Total population sex ratio

Reproductive cycle, the USA, about 2000

● when a mother became a grandmother ?

● a new cycle

main intervals:● to menarche● to menopause● m-m● men-1st sex● 1st sex-marriage

Demographic Transition● mortality● migration● from natural fertility to controlled fertility● from traditional regime of reproduction to modern regime

Age schedule of fertility and contraception

Fertility Determinants● fecundity and fecundability● Bongaarts model● Childlessness

● voluntary● involuntary

The second halfwhy am I attending this class?

1. my major field of interest is ……2. from the class I am expecting to improve my knowledge on …3. the most interesting topics are ….4. least interesting for me are ….5. I am going to make my class project on …. (suggest, might be

changed)