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RHODOPHYTA - SYSConxi Rodríguez-Prieto
Filamentous or foliaceous.Stellate plast, except in the ‘Conchocelis’ stadium. Pit-connections absents, except in the ‘Conchocelis’ stadium.
3 generations, with heteromorphic gametophytes and sporophyte (‘Conchocelis’ stadium).Asexual reproduction by fragments or monosporangia.
BANGIALES - BANGIOPHYCEAE
Bangia fuscopurpurea Porphyra sp. ‘Conchocelis’ stadium
Gametophytes
Sporophyte
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HILDENBRANDIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Incrusting.Non calcified.Multiaxial.Life cycle unknown.Tetrasporangia in conceptales, cruciately or irregularly divided
Hildenbrandia rubra
Tetrasporangia
Transverse section
Surface view
Nemalion helminthoides
Erect.Terete or compressed.Gelatinous. Some are calcified.Multiaxial.3 generations, with heteromorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.Tetrasporangia cruciate.
NEMALIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Carpogonial branch
Gonimoblast over a fusedcarpogonial branch
Spermatia
3
Filamentous or foliose, occasionally incrusting or small parasite.Uni (Rhodothamniella) or multiaxial (Palmaria). 2 generations, with isomorphic male gametophytes and tetrasporophytes.Carpogonium sessile.Procarpic.Tetrasporangia cruciately arranged.
Palmaria palmata
PALMARIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Rhodothamniella floridula
Palmaria palmata
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Erect.Terete, compressed or filamentous.Uniaxial. Gland cells always present.3 generations, with heteromorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophytes.
BONNEMAISONIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Asparagopsis armata ‘Falkenbergia rufolanosa’ stadium
Procarpic.Carpogonial branch with nutritive cells.Auxiliary cell absent.Gonimoblast developed from the carpogonium or from the hypogenous cell.
Tetrasporangia cruciate or irregularly cruciate.
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* Callithamniaceae* Ceramiaceae* Dasyaceae* Delesseriaceae* RhodomelaceaeSarcomeniaceaeSpyridiaceaeWrangeliaceae
CERAMIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Filamentous. Ceramium partially pseudoparenchymatous.Uniaxial.Gland cells often present.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.
CERAMIACEAE - CERAMIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Ceramium flaccidum
Antithamnion cruciatum
gland cell
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TetrasporangiaSpermatangia
Auxiliary cell
Carpogonial branch
Gonimoblast development
Procarpic.4-celled carpogonial branch.Tetrasporangia tetrahedrically or cruciately arranged.
Foliose. One to few cells wide. Occasionally with midrib or microscopic veins. Uniaxial.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.
DELESSERIACEAE - CERAMIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Hypoglossum hypoglossoides
Delesseria sanguinea
Midrib
Acrosorium ciliolatum
Microscopic veins
Cross section – Nitophyllum punctatum
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Tetrasporangia
Spermatangia
Auxiliary cell
Carpogonial branch
Procarpic.4-celled carpogonial branch.Tetrasporangia tetrahedrically or cruciately arranged.
Gonimoblast
From filamentous to pseudoparenchymatous. With trichoblasts.Uniaxials. Polysiphonous.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.
RHODOMELACEAE - CERAMIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Tetrasporangia tetrahedrically or
cruciately arranged
Spermatangial branchesAuxiliary cell4-celled carpogonial
branch
Polysiphonia sp.
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Chondria sp.
Erect.Terete or compressed.Cartilagineous.Uniaxial.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.
rhizines
GELIDIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
rhizines scattered in medulla rhizines concentrated in central medulla
Thomas & Freshwater 2001 Thomas & Freshwater 2001
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Nutritive branched filaments acting as auxiliary cellSessile carpogonium
SpermatangiaTetrasporangia
Stichidia
Erect. Medulla pseudoparenchymatous or empty.Some are parasite.Multiaxial.3 generations and with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.
RHODYMENIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Chylocladia verticillata
Gland cell
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata
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3 generations and with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.
Carpogonial branch (3-4-celled)
Gonimoblast formed over a fusion cell
Tetrasporangia cruciately ortetrahedrically arrangedSpermatangia
Plocamium cartilagineumPLOCAMIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Erect.Compressed.Sympodial.Some of them are parasite.Uniaxial.
Transverse section
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Carpogonial branch
3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.Tetrasporangia zonately arranged and in stichidia.
Auxiliary cell
Stichidia
Cystocarp
Erect.Multiaxial.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Non-procarpic.
HALYMENIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Gonimoblast developedover the auxiliary cell
Carpogonial branch Auxiliary cell
Tetrasporangia cruciatelyor irregularly divided
Ampulla
Ampulla
Ampulla
Connectingfilament
Halymenia latifolia
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Acrosymphyton purpuriferum
ACROSYMPHYTALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAEErect.Uniaxial.3 generations, with heteromorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Non-procarpic.
Acrosymphyton purpuriferum
Connecting filament
Auxiliary branch
Carpogonial branch
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Postrate or incrusting.Calcification occasionally present.3 generations with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.
PEYSSONNELIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Peyssonneliasquamaria
Perithallus
HypothallusSubhipothallus
Rhizoid
Perithallus
Hypothallus
Hypobasalcalcification
Rhizoid
Hypobasal calcification
Tetrasporangia in nematecia
Nematecia
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Erect, postrate or incrusting.Some are parasite.3 generations with isomorphic or hetermorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophytes, or 2 generations.Procarpic or non-procarpic.
GIGARTINALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Calliblepharis jubata
Incrusting.Pseudoparenchymatous.Calcified.Some are parasite.Multiaxial.3 generations, with isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte. Procarpic.Tetrasporangia zonately arranged and in conceptacles, except in Sporolithon, where they are cruciate and grouped in sori.
CORALLINALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Geniculate Non geniculate
Gonimoblast developed from a fusion cell between the carpogonial branch and
the auxiliary cell.2-celled carpogonial branch
.Auxiliary cell
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Conceptacles
Sahlingia subintegra
Filamentous or discoid. Stellate plast.Pit-conenctions absent.Sexual reproduction not well known.Asexual reproduction by monosporangia.
ERYTHROPELTIDALES - COMPSOPOGONOPHYCEAE
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Pseudofilamentous.Stellate plasts.Pit-connections absent.Sexual reproduction not well known.Asexual reproduction by cell division.
Stylonema alsidii
Stylonema cornu-cervi
STYLONEMATALES - STYLONEMATOPHYCEAE
Acrochaetium sp. Erect.Uniseriate branched filaments, usually < 1 cm.Uniaxial. 3 generations, with isomorphic or slightly heteromorphicgametophytes and tetrasporophyte. Procarpic.
ACROCHAETIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
Sessile carpogonium
Gonimoblast developed on the carpogonium
Tetrasporangia cruciate or cruciate-decusate
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Erect.Terete, compressed or foliose.Uniaxial.3 generations and isomorphic gametophytes and tetrasporophyte.Procarpic.Gonimoblast developed from a fusion cell among the carpogonial branchand the sterile branches.Tetrasporangia cruciately-decusately arranged.
GRACILARIALES – FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
2-celled carpogonial branch
Sterile branches
Supporting cell acting as auxiliary cell
Transverse section