2. Rice in EgyptTotal area: ~ 600,000 hectares.Productivity: ~ 10.00 t/ ha. 3. OUR VISIONKey Elements for Breaking Yield Plateau : Maximization of yield potentialityStabilizationfor diverse environmental conditionsOptimization of culture practeces 4. RICE RESEARCH & TRAINING CENTER BreedingPlantTechnology Agronomy&ProtectionTransfer SeedProductionWeed EntomologyPlant Science Pathology 5. The rice research concept was initiated in1917. RRTC was dedicated in January 1987. RRTC is located at Kafr El-Sheikh city,about 130 Km north of Cairo. 6. Rice occupies about 25% of thecultivated area in Egypt during thesummer season. Rice is one of the most important cerealcrops in Egypt, either for consumptionor for exporting. 7. Rice cultivations help in reclaiming salinesoils near to the Mediterranean coast. Rice plays a paramount role in theeconomy of Egypt, as the exports in 2008-2009 were estimated as one pillion US$. Due to high population rate increase ( ~1.2million yearly(, great efforts are needed tomaximize production. 8. Objectives 1 Maximizing the yield potential per unit area andwater use effeciency. Developing new varieties tailored with highyielding ability and resistance to biotic and abioticstresses. Deployment of new technologies ; hybrid rice,biotechnology, biological control, organic riceetc. Increasing yield potential of saline areas. Improving cultural practices and updating thepackage of recommendation to maximize theproductivity/unit area. 9. Objectives 2 Transferring new rice technologies to the farmers. Increasing the certified seeds covering area at the70% of national level. Increase the capabilities of young scientists indifferent areas of research by attending conferences,courses, workshops and training in or/and out thecountry. Establish and sustain the co operation between Egyptand International institutions. 10. Main Strategies Minimizing of in pot and maximizing of out pot. Spreading rice hybrids (12 t/ha(. Increase the productivity of poor quality soils. Developing low input rice varieties as well asspecial rices. Strengthening relationships among research,extension and rice growers throughTechnology Transfer Component. 11. Number of scientists currently conducting rice research * and their areas of specialization Head of SeniorSupportingSpecialization Research and ResearcherResearcher StaffConsultantPlant Breeding & 74 88BiotechnologyAgronomy 65 8 10Plant Pathology22 22Entomology 11 10Weed 11 11ManagementTechnology 10 04TransferEconomy10 00Total 1913 20 25* Excluding administrative and technical staff. 12. Future Research Needs(i( Maximize yield / unit area ( 10t /ha( by developingboth inbred and hybrid varieties and its agronomypractices.(ii( Increase rice areas covered by certified seeds up to70%.(iii( Minimize mineral fertilizers use by increasing its useefficiency and utilize it combined with organic andbio fertilizers .(iv( Develop drought, salinity and heat tolerancevarieties tailored with high daily production to facethe climate changes.(v( Develop rice lines resistant to various types of plastdiseases. 13. Major constraints AbioticSalt-affected soil in the coastal areas.Difficulties in producing japonica hybrid riceLimited area and water resources.Suffering from Zn deficiency. 14. Major ConstraintsBiotic High mutable rate of the blast fungus needs longterm plan to develop a variety with multipleresistant genes. Occurrence of some newly diseases such asBakana, stem rot and Nematodes . Susceptibility of some varieties to LM and SB 15. Major Constraints Socio-economic Difficulties in controlling rice prices as well as pricesof inputs including fertilizers, chemicals . etc. High competition with the other summer cropsespecially maize and cotton, in area and water share. Low available fund for rice research. Weakness of some farmers conviction to accept thenew technology. Portioning growing area by the farmers. 16. Giza 182Giza 177Giza 178Sakha101Egyptian Varieties Sakha103Sakha102 Sakha 106Sakha 105 Sakha 104 Yasmine Hybrid 1 17. WATER MANAGEMENT SALINITYPHYSIOLOGY PROGRAMAgronomy ComponentsCULTURALNUTRITION PRACTICESMineral, Organic and Bio 18. Objectives of Agronomy Program1- Develop and improve the package of recommendation for different methods of rice planting in normal and saline soils. Utilize of rice residues to sustain soil fertility - 23- Estimate water requirements of cultivars and use regimes to save irrigation water.4- Rationalize the water use.5- Increase the fertilizer efficiency under different water regimes.6- Study interactions among the different factors to reach to maximize rice yield. 19. Methods of rice planting in EgyptTransplantingDirect Seeded riceManual Mechanical DrillBroadcasting 20. The package of recommendation for transplanting Method Sowing date : 15th April 15th May. Seeding rate ; 100 kg /ha. Seedling No 3- 5 /hill. Seedling age : 25 30 days Plant spacing : 20x20 cm N level : 144kg /ha. Time of N application: 2/3 as passel +1/3at PI. 21. continue Zn Fertilizer rate :24 kg Zn sulfate /ha. Time of Zn applic. : after wet leveling. P rate : 125 kg /ha. Incorporated with soil. Weed control: 2L of Saturn (Thiopencarp). Water management : 4days on 6days off. Water regime: 15days after CF. Harvesting time : 30 days after CF. 22. RRTCActivities 23. RRTCFacilities 24. An auditorium, of 150m-2, canaccommodate 120audiences.It is fully air-conditioned andfitted with audio visualequipment.Three meeting rooms 25. The guesthouse can accommodate16 visitors at a time.It has a well-equipped kitchen and arestaurant for about 150 guests. 26. THANK YOU 27. Sakha 104 28. Main Objectives of Breeding Program Develop new varieties with high sustainable grainyield > 10 t/ha, early maturing, multiple resistanceto pests and with superior grain quality. Develop varieties suited to adverse conditions. Develop rice hybrids suitable for normal and salinesoils. Developing special rices i.e. aromatic, waxy andrice grain with high nutritional value. Evaluate, characterize, catalogue and maintain thelocal genetic collections. Maintain the genetic purity of commercialvarieties, through an efficient system of seedproduction. 29. Breeding ComponentsInbred RiceHybrid RiceVarietalImprovement Seed Production Biotechnology 30. Yield and Ancillary Traits of the New Released Rice VarietiesBlastYieldDuration Height Grain MillingVariety(T/ha)(day)(cm)L N Type (%)Improved varieties:Giza 177 10.7125 100 2 RSh 73Giza 178 12.1135 100 2 RSh 71Sakha 10111.514090 4 SSh 72Sakha 10210.8125 110 2 RSh 72Sakha 10310.912099 2 RSh 72Sakha 10411.4132 105 4 SSh 71Giza 182 11.712994 2 RL70Egyptian Yasmine*9.5 15095 1 RL65Average11.113299.131-4 R Sh-L65-73Old varieties:Giza 171 7.3 160 140 7 SSh 72Giza 176 8.7 150 100 5 SSh 69Giza 181 9.1 15095 2 RL68Average8.4 153 112 2-7 R-S Sh-L68-72 31. Tissue cultureprotocols (AntherCulture & matureembryos(. 32. Some Components of Breeding Program 33. International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER( 34. PLANT PROTECTIONWeed Science Entomology Plant Pathology 35. Objectives of Plant Protection ProgramThis program aims to application ofintegrated pest management IPM forprotection of rice crop against diseases,insects and weeds. It has a strong co- operation with breeding program to develop new rice varieties resistant to diseases and insects 36. Objectives of Plant Pathology ProgramDevelop and improvean integrated disease management (IPM( system for major diseases, blast, brown spot, false smut, bakanae and white tip nematode diseases through: Host plant resistance, Cultural practice Biological and chemical control.Minimize using of fungicides. Minimize yield losses due to diseases, Increase grain yield and grain quality. 37. Leaf infection Panicle infection Seed infectionPyricularia griseaspores 38. Leaf infectionHigh infection severitySeed discoloration Helmenthosporium oryzae 39. Conido-spores on paniclesBlack gallsInfected Seed Healthy Seed 40. Seed infectionFusarium moniliforme spores Infected HealthyField Symptoms Plantsplants 41. Tilleto-sporesGrain infection Grain infection 42. Infected LeavesField Symptoms Infected panicles 43. Rice Pathology Lab.and Greenhouse 44. Major Insect PestsRice Stem Borer (RSB)Rice leafminerRice Leafminer (RLM)Bloodworms (BLW) 45. Stem Borers 46. y10% yearlt are abouLosses 47. Trichogramma: the next tool for ricestem borer controlThe parasite lays eggsThe parasite examines theegg host Parasitized eggs A card for release theparasitoid 48. Natural Parasitism of Trichogramma on RSB Egg-masses ( RRTC-Egypt ) 100 80Parasitism 60 40% 200 18 26 71930 2 9 1623 28Jul. Aug.Sept. Sampling Date 49. Weeds can depress rice yield by 10-90 %especially in direct-seeded rice. This dependson infestation degree and rice cropping.systemOverall objectivesMinimizing weed infestation and reduce competition and losses in rice.yieldMaximizing rice crop yields .depending on efficient weed control 50. :ActivitiesThe objectives can be achieved through the:integrated weed management includingagricultural practices*biological control*.and efficient chemical weed control* 51. :AchievementsEmployment of tillage, leveling, puddling and*.water management to suppress weeds FungusContinuous evaluation and selection of*allelopathic rice entries for natural weed.suppressionDetection of the role of some biological agents*( fungus and algae ) in controlling weed in.riceContinuous evaluation and identification of*effective chemical weed control treatments in.direct-seeded and transplanted rice 52. :Success evidenceIncreasing the area of direct-seeded rice by*.about three folds through the last six yearsThe release of rice cultivar Yasmine which is*.natural suppressive for grassy weeds AllelopathiceffectsIdentification of many rice lines as*allelopathic active against weeds during the. last five years 53. Technology Transfer componentThe main objectives of Technology TransferComponent are: To increase the national rice production throughtransfer of research recommendations and newtechnology to rice farmers. To identify problems and suggest suitablesolutions in the rice fields. To evaluate and disseminate researchinformation and update the package ofrecommendations to rice farmers. To train the extension staff and farmers on thenew rice production technology. 54. Rice Productivity in Different RiceGovernorates 200712 t/ha10 8 6 4 2 0 Kafr El- Dakahlia Beheira Sharkia Gharbia Damietta Fayoum Others Sheikh 55. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 7001984750198719881989 1000ha19901991199219931994199519961997Years199819992000Rice Area (1984-2007)2001200220032004200520062007 56. Gap in Rice Yield Between Demonstration and Farmer Fields100 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10087 8991 9395 99 03 07 970105191919 19 20 20 19 19 192020 Years 57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 719841987 Million ton1988198919901991199219931994199519961997Years199819992000 Rice Production (1984-2007)2001200220032004200520062007 58. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 111984-198619871988t/ha198919901991199219931994199519961997Years19981999200020012002Average Grain Yield (1984-2007)20032004200520062007 59. Rice Production & Export EgyptianYear Production Export Million tons Million tons1983/1984 2.400 0.0001991/19923.41 0.2001995/19964.82 0.3501999/20005.34 0.3202000/20016.00 0.3322001/20025.40 0.7552002/20036.10 0.3222003/20046.04 0.6192004/20056.18 1.1002005/20066.55 1.1022006/2007 6.121.2942007/20086.74 *0.750*Up to 1ST April, 2008
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