Rice Postharvest Technology (E-learning manual)

7/27/2019 Rice Postharvest Technology (E-learning manual)

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dkRsg ngERbsRmlB Extracted and Translated fromkarsikSaEbbeGLikRtUnik(E-LEARNING)rbs viTasanRsavRCavdMNaMRsUvGnrCatiProduced by the International Rice Research Institute

qa 2012


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MESSAGE

Greetings from the Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI)!

AFACI is an intergovernmental and multilateral cooperation body established by the Rural

Development Administration (RDA) of the Republic of Korea, aiming to improve foodproduction, realize sustainable agriculture and enhance extension service of Asian countries

by sharing knowledge and information on agricultural technology.

RDA, a governmental organization for agricultural research and extension services, has been

trying to develop and distribute the agricultural technology for last fifty years.

As a part of these efforts, I am honored to have opportunity to publish agricultural books for

AFACI member countries with a special fund from RDA.

This activity aims at facilitating the publication and distribution of agricultural technologybooks for providing agricultural technologies directly to local farmers and sharing educational

materials in their local languages or English.

I believe that it is meaningless not to be distributed and practically used no matter how great

the technology may be.

I truly hope that this book serves as a useful guide for farmers as well as becomes a

touchstone for closer relationship between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Republic of

Korea.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Cho, Yang-Hee

Secretary GeneralAsian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Meas Pyseth, Director of the Department of International Cooperation of the

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Consultant for Postproduction System of

the International Rice Research Institute, as the translator and author would like to thank:

-The consultants of the Project titled Improving Farmers Livelihoods troughImproving Rice Postharvest Management, Mr. Sieng Bunthay (Professor ofBekchan Secondary School, Angsnuol District, Kandal Province) and Mr. Sorn

Vichet (IRRI Consultant) for very valuable review and recommendations.

-The IRRI for the original copy in the form of e-learning.-Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation Initiative (AFACI).-The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, especially the General

Directorate of Agriculture for providing the opportunity and support.

-My parents, family, relatives and friends who have given life, education, advices,encouragement and commitments for me to study, so that I can live on and do manykind works for the nation and Khmer farmers.

I also like to apologize for any mistake in this document and will accept all

constructive criticisms.

Phnom Penh, March 2012


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TABLE OF CONTENTPage

Message from the Director General of AFACI i

Acknowledgement iii

Glossary x

1. Introduction 1

2. Rice harvest 22.1 Importance of proper and on-time harvest 2

2.2 Harvesting methods 3

2.3 Problems occurred when leaving cut crop in the field 5

2.4 Problems occurred when gathering and transporting cut crop 6

2.5 Threshing 6

2.6 Cleaning 11

2.7 Postharvest losses 13

3. Rice drying 17

3.1 Importance of drying 17

3.2 Drying methods 18

3.3 Questions on drying 22

4. Rice storage 24

4.1 Storage facilities 24

4.2 Storage conditions; 25

4.3 Storage system 26

4.4 Sealed storage 31

4.5 Storage pests Insects 32

4.6 Storage pests Rodents 35

4.7 Storage pests Fungi 38

4.8 Sampling 39

4.9 Rice moisture content 424.10 Questions on storage 47

5. Rice milling 49

5.1 Milling methods 50

5.2 Modern rice mills 53

5.3 Questions on rice milling 54

6. Rice grain quality 56

6.1 Physical properties 56

6.2 Chemical properties 61

6.3 Factors that affect rice grain quality 64

6.4 Seed properties 65

6.5 Ways to produce high-quality seed 726.6 Testing seed quality 79

6.7 Questions on rice grain quality 84

7. Summary 89

7.1 Postharvest management 89

7.2 Importance of postharvest management 89

7.3 Improving postharvest management 89

7.4 Final questions 91

8. Workplan 97

9. Contributors of the e-learning document 98


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Breeder seed RKabBCCeRmsvTr RKab;BUCnBUCfImYyEdlmanPaBsuTx


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karEfrkSa karEksRmYl bkareRbIR)as;minRtwmRtUvnUvm:asIune)akRsUv GaceFIV[ekInkar)at;bg;nigcMNayeRbgeRcIn ehIymaneBlxHGaceFVI[maneRKaHfak;dl;GkRbtibtieTotpg .

dUecH munnwgeRbIR)as;m:asIune)akRsUv RtUv -Binit[)anc,as;fam:asIunmansanPaBl .- eRCIserIsTItaMgmanPaBrabesI ehIyenACitKMnrkNab; .- Rkalkenl bkRmalenABIeRkamm:asIune)ak.-cab;pMnUvbgM nigeRKOgkarBarnanaEdl)anedaH .-bMEbrTisbeBajcMebIg[eTAtamTisxl; .-

BinitkRmitswkercril nigPaBCab;lab;neFjt,al; .-bgVilemIlt,al;e)ak 2 - 3 CMu .-BinitemIlkRmit nIv:U eRbgm:asIun nigcMNuHeRbgsaMg bm:asUt.-BinitemIlkEngEdlRtUvmanxaj;eKa dUcCa)adagepSg .-manmnusS 3 - 4 nak;edIm,IRbtibti elIkkNab;BIKMnr jat;bBal nigRckRsUvcUl)av .-beBaHm:asIun ehIyBinitemIlel,nvilnt,al; .-

Binit[c,as;faExSBanrt;Rtg;enAelIb:UlI nigmanPaBtwgsmRsb .enAeBle)ak RtUv

- elIkkNab;RsUvdak;elIfasm:asIun edaydak;xagkYreTAmux .-jat;bBalkNab;[esId tRmUvtamlkxN b sPaBrbs;edImRsUv edayleFIV[m:asIune)ak

)ankan;Etrhs b:uEnecosvagkMueFIV[vaGYl rUbTI 2>12 .


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rbTI 2>12 karjat;Rsvclm:asn- EksRmYlbrikarsMGatRsUv eTAtamlkxNe)ak . cUrbiTsnHkgar rUbTI 2>13 ehIyebIkvabnicmg rhUtTal;EtBiniteXIjmanRKab;RsUvltictYcGacebIughYssnH)aMgxl; .

rbTI 2>13 kgarpsGatRsv-cUrEksRmYlmuMsnH)aMgxl;enaH rUbTI 2>14 .

rbTI 2>14 snH)agxl


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- eRbIR)as;rnabeQI b bsSI edIm,IqwHykkemckmIenACab; b eFIV[sHkERBagjak; eRBaHfakareRbI dTeTGacnwgeFIV[maneRKaHfak; .

edIm,IeFIVV[kare)akRsUvmanRbsiTPaBx15

edIm,IkMu[edImRsUvmUrCab;t,al; nigedIm,I[kare)ak)anRCHl . RbsinebImincaM)ac; RtUvedaHr)arTb;enaHecj BIeRBaHvaeFIV[fycuHsmtPaBe)akrbs;m:asIun .

rbTI 2>15 r)ar b eFjTb;-sRmab;RsUvesIm b BukpuyxH KYrbnyel,njat;bBaledIm,IkMu[vaGYl ehIyeFIV[kERBag

mansPaBsatCanic. cUr]sSah_ebIkKRmbt,al;edIm,IsMGatRbeLaHenAeRkam nigCMuvijva .

2>6 karsMGatkarsMGatKWCakicRbtibticugeRkay enAkgkarRbmUlpl . sMGatRsUvmannyfaykecjnUv

kemckmI bsMramnana dUcCasNI dIxSac; RkYs cMebIg RKab;esA .l. kMu[enAlayLMCamYyRsUv .karsMGatRsUvbnab;BI)ane)akEbnrYcmansarsMxan; edaysarvaykecjnUvsarFatunanaEdleyIgmincg;)an b mincg;[enAlayLMCamYyRsUv eBalKWeFIV[ 1 ekInlTPaBkgkarTukdak;edaysuvtiPaB BIeRBaHsarFatuTaMgenaHGackayCaCRmkrbs;ktacRg b eFIV[RsUvesImeLIgvij 2 fycuHsarFatu

layLMkgeBlkin EdleFIV[TTYl)anGRtakin nigKuNPaBGgrx


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vFsGatRsv-kareray sarFatuRsaldUcCasNI kemccMebIg nigRKab;esACaedIm GacnwgRtUv)aneray

bMebIugecjBIRsUv edaysarkmaMgxl;bk; bedayeRbIR)as;kgarCaCMnYy rUbTI 2>16 .

rbTI 2>16 karerayRsvedayeRbIR)askmagxl ngbrkarCny-karErg sarFatuEdlmanTMhMtUcCagRKab;RsUv dUcCaRKab;esA FUlIdI nigRkYslit Gacnwg

RtUvEjkecjBIRsUv edaykERBagErgmanrntUcCag 1>5 mIlIEm:Rt ehIypMbMebIugedaykmaMgxl;ecjBIkgar . kERBagenaHGacErgedaymnusS b edaycab;Pab;elIm:asIunEdleFIV[vajak; bTTak;cuHeLIg rUbTI 2>17 .

rbTI 2>17 karsGatRsvedaykERBag ngm:asnsGatRbsinebIRtUvRbmUlplRsUvTukeFIVCaBUC caM)ac;RtUvRbugRbytedaysMGatva[RtwmRtUvCagRsUv

Fmta rUbTI 2>18 . RKab;BUCEdlmansMramlayLM manTRmg;minRbRktI ERbBN )ak;Ebk bmanduHpSit KWCaRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBTab . vanwgminsUvduH b eFIV[edImRsUvlUtlas;exSay . dUecH munnwgykvaeTATukdak; KYrsMGatva[sat . PaBlmitGMBIKuNPaBBUC manerobrab;kgEpk 6>4 .


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rbTI 2>18 RsvBCKYrRtUv)anTTYlkarsGatRtwmRtUvedaysarRKab;BUC KYrmanTMhM Tmn; nigrUbragRbhak;RbEhlKa manbrikarEjkmYycMnYnRtUv)an

eKeRbIR)as; . brikarTaMgenaHrYmman tuEjktamTmn; kERBagvil sIuLaMgmanfk; b kNk;tUc nig

Rbdab;EjkRbEvgRKab; .

2>7 kar)at;bg;kgeBlRbmUlplkar)at;bg;kgeBlRbmUlplKWCakar)at;bg;brimaN brUbsaRs GaRsyeTAtamrebobRbtibti

nigm:asIunEdleRbIR)as; . maneBlxH vamanrhUtdl;x7>1 kar)atbgkgeBlRctkatkar)at;bg;edayRCuHRKab; karRCuHRKab;RsUvBIkYr eRcInbNalBIstVsab xl; kNr nigkarelIkdak; dwkCBan .

kar)at;bg;edayRsUvdYl edImRsUvdYlPaKeRcInedaysarvax19 . kar)at;bg;enHnwgkan;EtFn;Fr

kalNaRsUvdYlkgERsmanTwk .

rbTI 2>19 edImRsvdYl


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kar)at;bg;edayRcUtminGs; KWedaysarkarminbuinRbsb; b PaBxIxarbs;GkRcUt b GkbBaam:asIun .

edIm,Ivas;kMNt;kar)at;bg;TaMgenH eyIgGace)aH bdak;Edksrsmanrag 4 RCug TMhM 1 Em:Rtkaer [)aneRcInkEng tameKalkarN_cdnenAkgERs bnab;BIRcUtkat;ehIyPam . BiniterIsRKab;RsUvEdlRCuHenAkgkaerenaH ehIyfwgvaedayRbugRbyt . kar)at;bg;GacKNnaCaKILRkamhiktaRbsinebIeyIgdwgTMhMERssrub bCa nTinpl RbsinebIeyIgdwgTinplsrub .

2>7>2 kar)atbg kgeBle)akEbn ngsGatkar)at;bg;enHEtgekItmanedayEjk b CCuHBIcMebIgminGs; edayRCuHkMBb;xat;xay nigeday

e)akminRCH bmindac; Gs;BIkYrrUbTI 2>20 .

rbTI 2>20 kar)at;bgRsv kgeBle)akEbn ngsGateyIgGacvaytmkar)at;bg;EdlbgeLIgedaym:asIune)ak edayRkalkRmal bkenlBIeRkam

va nigenAkEngcMebIgFak; . bnab;BIe)akehIy cUrGUs b elIkm:asuIn nigcMebIgecjedayRbugRbytehIyRbmUlykRKab;RsUvenAelIkRmal bkenlenaH . kar)at;bg;edayRCuHkMBb; GacKitCaKILRkamhikta b nRsUvEdle)ak)ansrub .

eyIgkGacdwgGMBIkar)at;bg;kgeBlsMGatedaym:asIun edayRtg b ekabykkemckmIcMebIgnigRKab;RsUvTaMgGs;BIRckbeBaj edayeRbIR)as;s, b sMNaj; edIm,IecosvagmineFIV[sHxl; .CRmHykRKab;RsUvl ehIyhalsmtva[manGRtasMeNIm 14 . kar)at;bg;enaHGacKitCaKILRkamhikta b nRsUvEdle)ak)an .

2>7>3 kar)atbgkgeBldkCBanRsUvGacRCuH enAeBlelIkdak; lIEsg KrCaKMnr bRck)av .


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2>8 sMNYrGMBIIkarRbmUlplsUmKUs kgRbGb; EdlGkyl;faRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 1 etIeKGacdwgfaRsUvdl;eBlRtUvRcUt tamviFINa ?enAeBlEdlRKab;RsUvenAKl;kYrdl;dMNak;kaldak;emSArwg .enAeBlEdlRKab;RsUvmanGRtasMeNIm 14.enAeBlEdlmanRCuHRKab;RsUveRcInenAkgERs .enA 45 f bnab;BIkMNkMeNItkYr .

sNrT 2 etIlMdab;nkicRbtibtiNaEdlRtwmRtUv ?

RcUtkat; e)akEbn halsmt sMGat Tukdak; .RcUtkat; halsmt e)akEbn sMGat Tukdak; .RcUtkat; Tukdak; e)akEbn halsmt Tukdak; .RcUtkat; e)akEbn sMGat halsmt Tukdak; .

sNrT 3 etIkMubbMeBjmuxgarGIVxH ?Cam:asIune)akRsUvy:agrhs .vapSMeLIgedaykarRcUtkat; e)akEbn sMGat nigTukdak;RsUvkgFug kgeBlRBmKa .vaeFIV[RKab;RsUvst .vabMeBjmuxkardUcmnusS b:uEnrhsCag .

sNrT 4 edIm,IRcUtkat; etIeyIgKYrbgrTwkecjBIERsenAeBlNa ?PamenAmuneBlRcUt .7 - 10 f muneBlRcUt .20 - 25 f muneBlRcUt .30 - 35 f muneBlRcUt .

sNrT 5 etIKYrTukkNab;RsUvenAkgERsyUrb:uNa ?rhUtTal;Etvast .rhUtTal;EtvamanGRtasMeNImsmRsb .[yUr eTAtamkarcg;)an .[kan;EtxI tamEdlGaceFIV)an .


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sNrT 6 ehtuGIV)anCakarRcUtkat;enAkgeBlsmRsb mansarsMxan;; ?BIeRBaHvanwgR)ab;eyIgGMBIviFITukdak;RsUv .edIm,I[m:asIune)akGacsMGatRsUv)anRsYl .edIm,IecosvagkMu[RsUvduH .edIm,Ikat;bnykar)at;bg;bNalBIkarxUcxat nigkarRCuHxat;xayRKab; .

sNrT 7 etIkrNImYyNaEdlminEmnCaviFIe)akEbn ?kare)akedayvaypb; .m:asIune)akRsUvCan;nwgeCIg .m:asIune)ak .kareraysMGat .karEbnnwgeCIg .

sNrT 8 etIkarsMGatCaGIV ?karsMGatm:asIune)ak bnab;BIeRbIR)as;rYc .karykecjnUvFUlI kemccMebIg nigRsUves


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3 - karhalsmtRsUv

3>1 sarsMxan;;nkarhalsmt

enAeBlRbmUlpl RsUveRcInmanGRtasMeNImx1 bBaakgeBlkin bNalBGRtaseNmm insmRsbGRtaseNm bBaaGacektmanx


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sMeNImx2 viFIsmt3>2>1 karhalRsvedaykemAf

karhalRsUvedaykemAf rUbTI 3>3 CaviFIbUraNEdlmankarniymcUlcitGnuvtbMputenATIVbGasIu . RBHGaTiteFIV[RsUvEdlcak;BRgay nigxl;briyakaseLIgkemA ehIyeFIV[bMPay rMhYtsMeNImecjBIRKab;RsUv . vaeFIV[cMNayGs;R)ak;tic nigminb:HBal;brisan b:uEn

-minGacGnuvt)ankalNamanePg b enAeBlyb; .-

GaceFIV[RsUvminGacstqab; bNal[vadkdegImxaMg nigeLIgkemA .-tRmUv[cMNaykmaMgBlkmeRcIn ehIyminGaceFIV)ankgRTg;RTayFM .


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- eFIV[Bi)akRKb;RKgsItuNPaB EdleFIV[RsUveLIgkemAxaMg .-GaceFIV[RsUvstminesIsBV eFIV[RsUvstRcbl;layCamYyRsUvesIm bNal[vaeRbHRsaM

ehIyGgr)ak;exceRcIn .

rbTI 3 >3 karhalRsvedaykemAfkarhalRsUvenAelIkenl sMBt;ekAsU nigs,nILg CaviFIEdlmanGnamyx


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3>2>2 karsmtRsvedaymasnm:asIunsmtbnSat; b pat;yksMeNImecjBIRsUv edayeFIV[manxl;ekAbk;qgkat;va beFIV[va

qgkat;xl;ekA eBalKWGacGnuvt)anminfayb; bf benAeBlemXggwt b manePgFak;eLIy .

m:asIunsmtRbePTRsUvKanclna m:asIunsmtRbePTRbGb;epk (Flatbed dryer) eFIV[xl;ekAqgkat;RsTab;RsUvEdlKanclna rhUtTal;EtkarsmtRtUv)anbBab; . m:asIunRbePTenHmanPaBsmRsbsRmab;shKmn_ksikr Gkpl;esvakmsmt nigmas;m:asIunkinRsUvtUc . vamanTMhM cMNuH xusKaeRbIRbPBkemAeRcInRbePT rUbTI 3>4 .

rbTI 3 >4 m:asnsmtRbePTRbGb;epkm:asIunRbePTenHmanKuNsm,timYycMnYn dUcCamantmefak TRmg;samBa EdleFIV[Gacplit

)ankgPUmiRsuk niggayEfrkSa nigCYsCul RBmTaMgGacdMeNIrkar)anedaym:asIunclkrsaMg bm:asUtsRmab;kEngEdlKanGKisnI bGKisnIf .

vakmanKuNvibtiedayGaceFIV[RsUvtamRsTab;minstesIKa ehIymaneBlxH RsUvenARsTab;

elIGaceLIgesImCagmun edaysarvaTTYlsMeNImBIRsUvenARsTab;xageRkam . vaEtgtRmUv[cMNayBlkmeRcIn CaBiessenAeBldak;RsUvcUl Rcbl;RsUv nigekIbRsUvecj .

cMNaM enAeBlEdlRsUvkgFugsmtRkas;Cag 30 sgIEm:Rt 3 twk KYrRcbl;RsUvenaHy:agticmgedIm,IeFIV[vastsBV ehIykgeBlsmt RtUv]sSah_BinitemIlsItuNPaB nigGRtasMeNImRsUv edIm,IkMu[vaeLIgkemA bstRCul .


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m:asIunsmtRbePTRsUvmanclnaeLIgcuH m:asIunRbePTenH rUbTI 3>5 smRsbsRmab;m:asIunkinRsUv Gkpl;esvakmsmt nigshKmn_ksikrEdlRKb;RKgRsUvRTg;RTayFM . CaTUeTA vaeRcIneFIV[RsUvGgrmanKuNPaBl .

rbTI 3 >5 m:asnsmtRbePTRsvmanclnaeL IgcHtaragT 3>2 RbePTsxannmasnsmtRbePTmasn mlehtRtveRbvam:asIunRbePTRbGb;epk mineFIV[RsUvmanclna rhUtTal;EtbBab;karsmt .

-edIm,ITTYl)anRsUvmanKuNPaBx


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karRbgRbytedm,IsvtPaB -munnwgeRbIR)as;m:asIunsmt cUrGan ehIyGnuvttamkarENnaMrbs;Gkplit edIm,Iecosvag

eRKaHfak; .

-cUrRbugRbyt[)anx


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sNrT 2 etInwgmanGIVekIteLIgcMeBaHRsUvGgr ebIeyIgmin)ansmtvaRKb;RKan; nigRtwmRtUv ?RKab;GgrnwgeLIgBNelOg .ekIneLIgnUvkarbMpajrbs;kNr .ekIneLIgnUvGRtaGgrEdlkin)an .RsUvmansPaBdUcCaeKlIg .

sNrT 3 etIRsUvRtUvmanGRtasMeNImkRmitNa RbsinebIeyIgRtUvkarTukdak;va[yUr Cag 12 Ex ?16 .9 .12 .14 .

sNrT 4 etIviFIhaledaykemAfmYyNa GaceFIV[TTYl)anRsUvGgrmanKuNPaBx


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4 - karTukdak;

karTukdak;maneKalbMNgCasMxan;edIm,IkarBarRsUvEdl)ansmtehIy BIkaryayIbMpajrbs;

ktacRgnana dUcCakNr stVsab stVlit nigkarduHpSit RBmTaMgTb;min[RsUvGacRsUbsMeNImcUlvij)an . b:uEn eTaHbICakarTukdak;mansPaBsmRsby:agNakeday kkar)at;bg;nwgmankRmitx1 KYrGnvt[RtwmRtUv cab;Bhalsmt rhtdlTukdak;4>1 brikarTukdak;

brikarTukdak;maneRcInRbePT GaRsynwg -brimaNRsUvEdlRtUvTukdak; .- eKalbMNgnkarTukdak; .-TItaMg bTIkEngEdlRtUvTukdak; .CaTUeTA eKEtgCUneyabl;[Tukdak;RsUv CaCagTukdak;Ggr . karTukdak;RsUvmansuvtiPaBCag

BIeRBaHsm,kGgampl;nUvkarkarBarmYycMnYnTb;Tl;nwgstVlit nigkarxUcxatKuNPaB .

karTukdak;GgrsMrUbnwgeFIV[RtUvkarkEngTukdak; 20 ticCagRsUv b:uEnGgrRbePTenHeRcInqab;pr BIeRBaHCatieRbgEdlenARsTab;eRkA gaynwgeFIVGuksIudkmCamYyxl;briyakas .

CaTUeTA RbBnTukdak;Edll KW

-

BMueFIV[RsUvEdlstehIy RsUbsMeNImvij .-karBarmin[RsUvrgkarbMpajrbs;stVlit kNr nigstVsab .


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-gayRsYldak;RsUvcUl nigykecj .-cMNayGs;TIkEngtic b:uEnTukdak;)aneRcIn .-gayRsYlEfrkSa nigRKb;RKg .

karpasbrseNmrbsRsvGgrRsUvGgrpas;brsMeNImCamYyxl;EdlenACMuvijva KWfaenATIbMput RsUvGgrEdlTukdak;tamviFI

Fmta minenAkgbrikarbiTCit nwgeLIgcuHsMeNIm eTAtamsMeNImrbs;xl;EdlenACMuvijva .

enARbeTskgtMbn;RtUBikCaeRcIn xl;briyakasmanGRtasMeNImeFob nigsItuNPaBx RsUvRtUv)anhalsmt[manGRtasMeNImminx RsUvRtUv)ankarBarmin[rgkarbMpajrbs;ktacRgnana dUcCakNr stVsab nigstVlit .

3> RsUvRtUv)ankarBarmin[RsUbsMeNImBIkgxl;briyakas bBITwkePg .

ryeBlTkdakmansvtPaBryeBlTukdak;mansuvtiPaBeRcInEtGaRsynwgGRtasMeNImrbs;RsUv . RsUvFmta nigRsUvBUC

EdlmanGRtasMeNImx1 bgajGRtasMeNImsmRsb edIm,I

Tukdak;RsUvFmta nigRsUvBUC[mansuvtiPaB .

taragTI 4>1 ryeBlTukdak; ngGRtaseNmmansvtPaBryeBlTkdak GRtaseNmmansvtPaB bBaaEdlGacngektman2 eTA 3 s)ah_ 14 - 18 karekItpSit ERbBN nig )at;bg;edaydkdegIm8 eTA 12 Ex 13 b TabCag karbMpajedaystVlit

yUrCag 1 qaM 9 bTabCag kar)at;bg;smtPaBdMNuH


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taragTI 4>2 bgajryeBlTukdak;RsUv KitCacMnYnf edaymansuvtiPaB . eyIgGacBiniteXIjfaryeBlenHERbRbYl yUr bqab; eTAtamGRtasMeNImrbs;plitpl kgkUeLanTI 1 nigeTAtamsItuNPaBbriyakaskgkEngTukdak; kgCYrTI 1 . ]TahrN_RKab;RsUvmanGRtasMeNIm

14 GacTukdak;eRkamsItuNPaB 20 GgSaes edaymansuvtiPaB cMnYn 100 f ehIyRsUvmanGRtasMeNIm 18 GacTukdak;eRkamsItuNPaB 30 GgSaes edaysuvtiPaB cMnYn 2 f .

taragTI 4>2 ryeBlTukdak; ERbRbYltamGRtaseNm ngstuNPaBGRtaseNm stNPaB GgSaes5 10 15 20 25 30

13 180 115 9014 160 100 50 3015 100 50 30 1516 130 50 30 20 817 65 35 22 12 518 130 40 25 17 8 2

19 70 30 17 12 5 020 45 22 15 821 30 17 11 722 23 3 8 623 17 10 7 524 13 8 4 4

25 10 8 6 34>3 RbBnTukdak;

munnwgTukdak; eyIgRtUvEtdwgGMBI -brimaNRsUvEdlRtUvTukdak; .-mUlehtuEdlRtUvTukdak; .-TItaMg kEng b RbePTnbrikarTukdak; .tamFmta eyIgEtgTukdak;RsUvkg)av b edaycak;Far .


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4>3>1 karTkdakkg)avRsUveRcInRtUv)anTukdak;kg)avcMNuHBI 40 eTA 100 KILRkamEdl)avTaMgenaHeFIVGMBIRkecA b

GMe)aHnILg rUbTI 4>2 . )avRsUveRcInRtUv)anKrteRmobCaKMnrFM btUc GaRsyeTAnwgbrimaNRsUv .

manksikrxHRckRsUvkg)av ehIyykeTATukdak;kgCRguk EdleFIVGMBIeQI bsSI dI\d bsIum:gt_ .

rbTI 4>2 karTukdak;minRtwmRt Uv ngRtwmRtUv4>3>2 karTkdakkgCRgk

RsUvCaeRcInRtUv)anksikrTukdak;edaycak;Far enAkgCRgukeFIVGMBIeQI sgsI bsIum:gt_. maneBlxH ksikreRbIR)as;edak b FugepSg edaydak;enAeRkam b kgpH . CRgukTaMgenHmancMNuHBI200 - 1000 KILRkam ehIyeRcInbg[RsUvrgkar)at;bg;eRcIn edaykarbMpajrbs;stVlit kNr nigstVsab RBmTaMgkarRsUbsMeNImBIbriyakas rUbTI 4>3 . ykl KYrBicarNaGMBIkarsagsg;CRgukb XaMgTukdak;RsUvEdlGacTb;sat;)annUvkarbMpajrbs;ktacRgnana rUbTI 4>4 nigrUbTI 4>5 .

rbTI 4>3 CRgkminRtwmRtUv


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rbTI 4>4 CRgkKMr

rbTI 4>5 XagTukdak;RsvRtwmRtUv4>3>3 karTkdakkgFgF

enAkgRbeTseCOnelOn eragm:asIunkinRsUv nigXaMgFMmaneRbIFugFMeFIVGMBIEdk b sIum:gt_rUbTI 4>6 . FugTaMgenaHmancMNuHBI 20 eTA 2000 etan . eKGacbiTPitva)any:aggay edIm,I)aj;faMsmab;stVlit ehIyvamingaynwgeFIV[mankarRCuHkMBb;RsUv . b:uEn FugTaMgenHminsUv)aneKniymeRbIR)as;enATIVbGasIueT .


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rbTI 4>6 FugFMsRmab;Tukdak;RKab;FBaCaticNHnkarTkdak

RsUvBUCxusKa nigFatupMepSgrbs;va EtgmanTmn; nigmaDxusKa taragTI 4>3 . Cak;Esg RsUvmanPaBsMBIgsMeBag EdltRmUv[RtUvkarkEngTukdak;FM b eRcInCagGgr . edIm,IKitKUrGMBIkarRKb;RKg nigrkSasuvtiPaBnbrikarTukdak; eyIgRtUvEtyl;dwgGMBITmn; nigmaDRsUvGgr .

taragTI 4>3 Tmn ngmaDRsv RBmTagsmasFatuepSgrbsvabryay dgsetKILRkamm3 cnn)av)avetan Tmn KILRkam)avRsUv 600 13 - 25 40 - 80Ggr 850 20 - 25 40 - 50knk; 550 20 50Ggam 120 50 - 100 10 - 20

smal; sRmab;pdITMhM 1 Em:Rtkaer: GacTukRsUv)anBI 12 - 13 )av kalNa)avmanprab 1 x0>5 Em:Rt nigEdlmancMNuHRbmaN 50 KILRkam .

rebobKNnacNH b smtPaBnbrkarTkdakepSg KtCaKLRkamk> sRmabCRgk b FgRCg beNayx TTwg x km


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x> sRmabFgragsLag man)atrabes 227 x Ggt;pit2 4x km sRmabFgragsLag ngman)atragsaC 227 x Ggt;pit2 4x km73 emKuNRsUv = cMNuHTukdak;

smal; enAkgkarTukdak;edaycak;Far mMuKMnrRsUvKWRbmaN 36 dWeRk .

km


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4>4 karTukdak;biTCitkarTukdak;biTCitKWTukdak;RsUv b RKab;FBaCatiepSgenAkgbrikar bFugbiTCit dUcCaFugsaMg

bfg;)asikCaedIm edIm,ITb;min[xl; nigsMeNImbriyakasGacb:HBal;RsUv)an . vaGacCYyeFIV[ekIn

eLIgnUvPaBmanCIvitrbs;RKab;BUC 6 - 12 Ex nigGRtaGgredIm 10 . RbBnenHmanRbsiTPaB BIeRBaHstVlit nigRsUvdkdegIm EdleFIV[brimaNGuksIuEhSnEdlenACamYyRsUv fycuHmkenARtwm 5 -10 . kgkRmitenaH skmPaBnanarbs;stVlitRtUv)anbBab; . karxUcxatEdlbNalBIstVsabnigkNrkRtUv)ankat;bnyEdr .

edIm,ITukdak;biTCit eyIgGaceRbIR)as; -Fug bbrikarCrPVC EdlRtUv)aneKplitCaBiess dUcCa {kUKUn} CaedIm .-fg;suEBrmancMNuH 50 KILRkam .-Fug bbrikareFIVGMBIEdk Cr)asik b dI\d EdlGacrk)ankgPUmiRsuk rUbTI 4>7 .

rbTI 4>7 brkarbiTCtRbePTepSg4>4>1 mlehtRtvTkdakbTCt

edIm,IbegInKuNPaBRsUvFmta nigsmtPaBdMNuHrbs;RsUvBUC . CamYynwgkarTukdak;biTCit

eyIgGac - rkSaGRtasMeNImedImrbs;RsUv nigRKab;FBaCati[enAefr .-kat;bnykarbMpajrbs;ktacRgnana dUcCastVlitCaedIm edaymincaM)ac;eRbIR)as;faMBul .RtUvcgcaMfa

- RtUvsMGat nighalsmtRsUv[sat nigstRtwmRtUv RsUvBUC 12 nigRsUvFmta 14 .-karebIk nigbiTbrikar b fg;Tukdak;biTCitnwgeFIV[stVlitmYycMnYn dUcCaxtCaedIm GaccUl

kgRsUvsaCafI . stVlitenHGacecaHTmHes,ag bfg;)asikBIkgmkeRkA)an .


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-kgbrikarEdldak;RsUvmineBj GaceFIV[mansl;xl;RKb;RKan; sRmab;stVlitGacrs;)an .-kNrGackat;bMpajbrikarTukdak;FMeFIVGMBICr)asik)an RbsinebIeyIgminRbugRbyt . cUr

Tajsnwgva[twg ehIyrkSa[manRbeLaHenACMuvijva .

4>4>2 karcNaykgkarTkdakbTCt-fg;cMNuH 50 KILRkam EdlGaceRbIeRcIndg)an dUcCafg;suEBrIRRI f 0>5 - 1 dular .-FugsaMg bFugeRbgeFIVBIEdk b)asik cMNuH 200 lIRt GacmantmBI 2- 5 dular .-brikarTukdak;FM dUcCaFug Silos mantmBI 50 - 100 dular sRmab;RsUv 1 etan . brikar

EbbenHGaceRbIR)as;)any:agticbMputk 10 qaMEdr .

4>5 ktacRgkgeBlTukdak ; - st VlitstVlit kNr stVsab nigFatubgCMgW KWCaktacRgenAkgkarTukdak;RsUv . vaeFIV[mankar)at;

bg; tamrykarsIubMpaj kareFIV[rlYyxUc nigkareFIV[RbLak; . tamFmta manstVliteRcInRbePTrs;enAkgRsUvGgr . PaKeRcInnstVTaMgenHEtgbg[manbBaaFM .

rbTI 4>8 stVltsbMpajRsvGgr4>5>1 brsanrsenArbsstlt

stVlitRbePTnImYy RtUvkarsItuNPaB nigsMeNImkMNt;mYy edIm,Irs; nigsIubMpajRsUvGgr .rUbTI 4>9 bgajGMBIlkxNsItuNPaBsRmab;karrs;enA nigbgkMeNItrbs;stVlit .


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rbTI 4>9 lkxNstuNPaBsmRsb ngminsmRsbsRmab;stVltmYycnn4>5>2 stltT 1 ng T 2

stVlitEdlsIubMpajRsUvkgeBlTukdak; GacEckCastVlitTI 1 nig TI 2 . stVlitTI 1bgbBaaeRcInCagstVlitTI 2 eRBaHfastVlitTI 1 sIubMpajBIEpkxagkgnRKab;RsUv cMENkstVlitTI2 sIubMpajBIEpkxageRkAnRKab;RsUv .

k> stltT 1eBlenACakUndgv vasIuEpkxagkgnRKab;RsUvTaMgmUl .

k>1 stkEBa b keBag (Sitophilos oryzae, Linnaeus)stVlitenH rUbTI 4>10 eTaHCaeBjvy benACakUndgv EtgsuIbMpajRsUv . stVjIbegItBg

mg)ancMnYn 150 . BgnImYyeRcInjas;kgRKab;RsUvmYy bnab;BIemva)anecaH[RbehagrYc . kUndgv

Edljas;ehIy enAbnrs;kgRKab;RsUvenaHrhUtdl;FMeBjvy . tamrebobenH stVlitmYyGacbMpajRsUvGs;mYyRKab;TaMgRsug .


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rbTI 4>10 stVkEBa b k MeBagstVlitenHmanvdCIvitRbmaN 35 f ehIylkxNrs;enAsmRsbsRmab;va KWsItuNPaB

RbmaN 28 GgSaes nigGRtasMeNImeFobRbmaN 70 .

k>2 Angoumois Grain Moth (Sitatroga cerealella (Olivier))stVlitenHEtgBgenAelI b Ek,rRKab;RsUv . eBlkayCakUndgv vaecaHTmHRKab;RsUvehIysIu

bMpajBIxagkg . dgveBjvysIurhUtdl;EpkxageRkAnRKab; edayTukEtsm,k[enAsat . vaeRcInEtsIubMpajRsUvenARsTab;xageRkAnKMnr eRBaHvaminGaceRCotcUleTAkg)an .

rbTI 4>11 Angoumois Grain Mothk>3 Lesser Grain Borer (Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricus)

stVlitenHEtgBgenAkgKMnrRsUv . eBljas;rYc kUndgvGaccUlehIyFMFat;enAxagkgRKab;RsUv b sIubMpajBIxageRkA . vasIukemckmIlitEdlbnSl; bbgedaykarsIubMpajrbs;stVliteBj

vy b kUndgvepSgeTot .


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rbTI 4>12 Lesser Grain BorerstVlitenHBgmg)an 300 - 500 nigmanvdCIvit 20 - 84 f ehIylkxNrs;enAsmRsb

sRmab;va KWsItuNPaBRbmaN 34 GgSaes nigGRtasMeNImeFob 60 - 70 .x> stltT 2x>1 Saw-toothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Linnaeus)tamFmta stVlitenHdak;BgmYy bCaRkumtUcenAkgsameRbHnRKab;RsUv . sRmab;plit

plm:d dUcCaemSACaedIm vaBRgayBgsBVkEng .

rbTI 4>13 Saw-toothed Grain BeetlestVlitenHBgmg)anRbmaN 150 nigmanvdCIvitRbmaN 20 f ehIylkxNrs;enAsm

RsbsRmab;va KWsItuNPaB 30 - 35 GgSaes nigGRtasMeNImeFob 70 - 90 .

x>2 Rust-red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)stVlitenH rUbTI 4>14 eRcInbMpajGgr . eTaHCaeBjvybCakUndgv vasIuEtkemckmIlit ehIyminbMpajRKab;RsUvGgrEdlenAleT . eRkABIsIubMpaj vaEtgeFIV[RsUvGgrmankinminl .


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rbTI 4>14 Rust-red flour beetlestVlitenHBgmg)anRbmaN 500 nigmanvdCIvitRbmaN 20 f ehIylkxNrs;enAsm

RsbsRmab;va KWsItuNPaBRbmaN 35 GgSaes nigGRtasMeNImeFobRbmaN 75 .

4>6 ktacRgkgkarTukdak; - stVkekr kNrFM nigtUckNrtUc nigFMKWCastVkekr . stVkekr 3 sMxan; EdlEtgCYbRbTHkgkarTukdak;RsUvman

-kNrFMexA bkNrFMtampH (Rattus rattus) .-kNrnrev:s bkNrFmta (Rattus norvegicus).-kNrtUctampH (Mus musculus).

rbTI 4>15 stVkNr4>6>1 karbgbBaarbsstkekrk> stkekrsbpajRsvGgrkBgTkdak kNrFMmYyGacsIuRsUv b GgrGs;RbmaN 25 RkamkgmYyf ehIykNrtUcmYyGacsIuGs;RbmaN 3 eTA 4 RkamkgmYyf .


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x> stkekreF[RsvGgrkBgTkdak kxk vaeFIV[RsUvGgrkxVk;edayTwkenam lamk nigeramehIyvaKWCaPak;garcmgCMgW . RsUvGgrEdlkxVk;edaysarstVenH EtgRtUv)aneKvaytmfaGaceFIV[b:HBal;dl;suxPaBmnusS .

K> stkekreF[xcxatsmar ngbrkarTkdak stVkekreFIV[xUcxatKRmb fg; b )av karkMNl;nigsMNg;CRgukbXaMg dUcCaExS ExSePIg TVar .l. Caplvi)ak

-sm,kfg; b )avEdlFHedaykNrkat; nwgeFIV[RCuHkMBb;RsUvGgr .- eCIgkMNl;Edl)ankekrbMpajedaykNr Gacnwg)ak; ehIyeFIV[dYlrlMKMnr)avRsUvGgr .-karkekrbMpajsm,kExSePIg GacbNal[TuesS ehIybg[manGKIPy .-Fug bXaMgdak;RsUvFMGacRsut brhUtdl;dYlrlM kalNaenABIeRkamvamanrnkNreRcIn .- RbBnlUEdlenACMuvijkEngTukdak; GacnwgxUcxat .

4>6>2 tRmvkarrbsstkekrtamFmta stVkekrRtUvkar

- es,gGaharRKb;RKan; .-kEngmansuvtiPaB edIm,IvaGaceFIVrn nigsm,krs;enA)an .-kEnglak;xneRcIn .- RckecjcUlkEngTukdak;es,gGahar y:agRsYl .

4>6>3 vFankarTbsateyIgGacGnuvtviFankarTb;sat;mYycMnYn dUcCa

- enAeBlsagsg;CRguk b kEngTukdak;fImYy RtUvEtKitGMBIviFITb;sat;stVkekr edayRbytenARtg;TVar rn b Rckxl; sabRBil b\dxl; nigcenaHrvagCBaaMg nigdMbUl .-CYsCulkEng)ak;Ebk bFHFayCabnan; edayykcitTukdak;Rtg;TVar .

- rkSaCRguk b kEngTukdak;[)ansatRtwmRtUv eday rkSava[sat b manGnamyCanic edayekIbsMGatRsUvEdlkMBb; nigsMramepSgCabnan;eRBaHvaGacCakEnglak;xn b Casm,krbs;stVkekr . cUrdut b kb;sMramecal .

sMGatkMu[manesAduHRTubRTulenATIEk,rxagCRguk bXaMg eRBaHvaGacCakEnglak;xn .

stVkekrmincUlcitqgkat;val bRbeLaHsateT .kMu[manTwkdk;enAkg bCMuvijCRguk bXaMg eRBaHstVkekrGacnwgmanTwksRmab;pwk .


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KrteRmob)avRsUv b )avGgr[RtwmRtUvenAelIkMNl; ehIyTuk[manRbeLaHBIKMnrmYyeTAmYy RbmaNCa 1 Em:Rt.

Tukdak;)avcas; b )avTeT nigtg;ekAsU b kenlelIkMNl; edayELkBIRsUvGgr.

4>7 ktacRgkgkarTukdak; - CMgW b karduHpSitkarduHpSitkgeBlTukdak;eFIV[xUcxatRsUvGgr . tamFmta bBaaenHGacmantictYc enAeBl

EdlRsUvminTan;)anRcUtkat;enAeLIy . pSitEdlekIteBlTukdak;jwkjab;CageKeQaHfa Aspergillusnig Penicillium . RsUvGgrGacnwgekItpSitedaysar

- vaCab;emeraKpSittaMgEtBImuneBlTukdak; .-maneBlxHeTot emeraKpSitmanenAelIRbdab;Rbda bbrikareRbIR)as;kgkarTukdak; .-briyakasenAkEngTukdak;mansItuNPaB nigGRtasMeNImeFobx7>1 bBaabgedaypSitk> rlyxcRsvGgrRsUvGgrnwgrlYyxUcedaypSit ehIyCaplvi)ak KW

-BUCnwgmandMNuHexSay .-

mankar)at;bg; edayRskTmn; .-tmsarFatuciBawmnwgfycuH.-KuNPaBGgrnwgfycuH CaBiesskinRkGUbnwgERbRbYlb )at; .-BNsm,rnwgERbRbYl.


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rbTI 4>16 RsvERbBNx> karektman Mycotoxins Bl

karxatbg;edaykarxUcxatepSgGacmanTMhMFM b:uEnminsUveRKaHfak;dUcMycotoxins eLIy .MicotoxinsCasarFatuKImImanCatiBul EdlbgeLIgedaypSitmYyRbePT .

4>7>2 meFa)ayTbsatkarektmanCgpSiteyIgGacTb;sat; b bnykarekItmanCMgWpSitedayhalsmtRsUv[st Tukdak;enAkgbriya

kasmanGnamy ehIyebIGacKWTukdak;kgbrikarbiTCit .

4>8 kareRCIsyksMNakkareRCIsyksMNakRsUv KWCakareRCIsyknUvEpktUcmYynRsUv BIEpkmYyEdlFM . sMNak

GacRtUv)aneRCIsykBIkgERs BIKMnrbBIRsUvEdlRckkg)av .

KYrGnuvtkareRCIsyksMNak[)anRtwmRtUv edIm,ITTYl)ansMNak {manlkNtMNag} Edl)anesckIfalkNnanansMNak dUcCaGRtasMeNImbGRtadMNuHCaedIm manPaBdUcKanwglkNnRsUvkgKMnr EdlRtUv)aneRCIsyksMNakenaH .


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rbTI 4>17 RsvkgERs kg)av b kgKMnrGacmanlkNxusKaxag4>8>1 sarsxannkareRCsyksNakRtmRtv

tamFmta RsUvGacmansPaB b lkNxusKa edaysarvaeRcInRtUv)andaMkgERstUc edayeRbIBUCeRcInmux . eTaHenAkgERsEtmYy kRsUvEdlRcUtBIkEngepSgKaGacmanGRtasMeNImxusKaEdr.dUecH kareRCIsyksMNakRtwmRtUvmansarsMxan;;Nas; edIm,ITTYl)anRsUvmanlkNtMNag .

edIm,IeRCIsyksMNak[)anRtwmRtUv eyIgGacnwgRtUvkar - EdkqaM 1 edIm,IyksMNakBIkgCRguk .-Fug bkMb:ugmYycMnYn sRmab;dak;sMNakedIm,IviPaK .-ksarBiFIsa Edlerobrab;GMBIviFan bEbbbTGnuvt rUbTI 4>18 .

rbTI 4>18 Rbdab;RbdasxansRmab;yksNakRsv b RKab;FBaCatiepSg

BiFIsa

Fug bkMb:ug

EdkqaM


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4>8>2 rebobeRCsyksNak[)anRtmRtvk> sNakBkgERskarTTYl)ansMNakmanlkNtMNagBIkgERs enAmuneBlRbmUlpl KWCakarlM)ak eday

sarRsUvenACayERseRcInmansPaBxusBIRsUvenAEpkxagkg . dUecH CakarlEdlRtUvcUleTAbUtyksMNakenAEpkxagkgERs Edl)anedAcMNucTukCamun . enAeBlbUt)anehIy RtUvRcbl;va[sBV ehIyvas;[)any:agtic 3 dg rYcKNnarktmmFm .

x> sNakBkgKnrenAeBleRCIsyksMNakRsUvBIkgKMnr cUreRbIR)as;EdkqaMcak;ykBIcMNucmYycMnYn . ykl

KYreRCIsyksMNakenAeBlEdlRsUvRtUv)anbgrcUl b ecj edayykkMb:ugeTARtgenAeBlkMBughUr kgcenaHeBleTogTat;mYy ehIycak;vacUlkgFug rYcRcbl;va[sBVmunnwgeRCIsyksMNak .

K> sNakBCRgkenAeBleRCIsyksMNakBIkgCRguk cUreFIVkgCeRmAxusKa edayecosvagcMNuckNal nig

EKmCRguk . ykl KYrecosvagkarRcbl;sMNakEdlRCIsyk)anBIcMNucTaMgenaH b:uEnRtUvBinit bviPaKvaedayELkBIKa . kardwg b karkMNt;)annUvlkNrbs;sMNakBIkEng bBIcMNucepSgKa

kgCRguk nwgCYy[eyIgGacdwgBIcMNuc b kEngmanbBaa ehIyGnuvtkarRKb;RKg)anlRbesIr .

X> sNakB)avRbsinebIRsUvEdlRtUvviPaK RtUv)anTukdak;kg)aveRcInCag 1 RtUveRCIsyksMNakBI)avmYy

cMnYn . viFIdlmYykgkarseRmceRCIserIscMnYn)avEdlRtUvyksMNakKWKNnatmbskaer ncMnYn)avsrubenaH . Ca]TahrN_

-

ebIcMnYn)avsrubman 9 RtUvyksMNaky:agticbMputBI)avcMnYn 3 KWfa9 3=

.- ebIcMnYn)avsrubman 100 RtUvyksMNaky:agticbMputBI)avcMnYn 10 KWfa 100 10= .4>8>3 karrkSaTk ngeRbR)assNak

karyWty:avkgkarviPaKsMNakGaceFIV[vaERbRbYlGRtasMeNIm niglkNKuNPaBepSg .edIm,IecosvagbBaaenH nigbBaaepSgeTot cUr

-Tukdak;sMNakkgkMb:ug Fug bfg;)asikEdlGacbiTCit[)anPambnab;BIeRCIsykrYc .-TuksMNakkgTUTwkkk b bnb;RtCak;ebImanlTPaB .-sresreQaHsMNakelIkMb:ug Fug bes,ag edaybkhVWtmingayrlub .


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-sikSa nigGnuvttameKalkarN_c,ab;sIGMBIBUC enAeBlEdlRtUvbBansMNakBUCRsUveTAviPaKenAeRkARbeTs .

4>9 GRtasMeNImRsUvGgrGRtasMeNImKWCaTmn;TwkEdlmanenAkgRsUv b Ggr edayKitCaPaKry . kgkarGnuvtTUeTA

nigenAelITIpSar eKniymeRbIGRtasMeNImeKalkarN_esIm . GRtasMeNImeKalkarN_esImrbs;RsUvKWCaPaKrynTmn;TwkenAkgRsUv eFobnwgTmn;RsUvenaHsrub . ]bkrN_vas;sMeNImEtgbgajlTplGRtasMeNImeKalkarN_esIm . GRtasMeNImeKalkarN_st EdlCaPaKrynTmn;TwkeFobeTAnwgTmn;nsarFatustEdlmanenAkgRsUv b GgreRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAkgkarsikSaRsavRCav . rUbmnxageRkambgajGMBIrebobKNnaGRtasMeNImTaMg 2 .

100x

RsUvsrubn;TmTwkn;TmsImeKalkarN_eGRtasMeNIm =

100xtsrubsarFatusn;TmTwkn;TmteKalkarN_sGRtasMeNIm =

karvas;kMNt;GRtasMeNImRtwmRtUv mansarsMxan;kgkarRKb;RKg niglk;dUrRsUvGgr . karvas;kMNt;EdlminRtwmRtUv eFIV[

- RtUvcMNaybEnmedIm,Ihalsmt .-xUcxatkgeBlTukdak; RbsinebIRsUvenAesIm .-cMNay\tRbeyaCn_edIm,IhalsmtRsUv[stRCul EdlmincaM)ac; ehIyeFIV[Gn;KuNPaB .-manGRtaGgredImTab RbsinebIRsUvRtUv)ankin edaymanGRtasMeNImminsmRsb .-

RsUvRskTmn;eRcIn EdlGac[xatbg;kgkarlk;dUr .RsUvEdlmanGRtasMeNIm 14 eRcIneFIV[Tukdak;mansuvtiPaB nigkin)anGgreRcIn nigl .

KYrkt;smal;fakalNaeyIgRtUvkarTukdak;RsUv[kan;EtyUr caM)ac;RtUvEteFIV[GRtasMeNImrbs;vakan;EtTab taragTI 4>1 .

4>9>1 karvasGRtaseNmCaTUeTA eKeRcInviPaK b vas;GRtasMeNImRsUvGgredayviFILsmt b viFIbzm nigedayeRbIR)as;Rbdab;vas; . enAkgkicRbtibtiFmta b enAkgkarlk;dUr kareRbIR)as;Rbdab;vas; manPaBrhs


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niggayRsYlCag . viFILsmtbnSat;ecjnUvsMeNImTaMgGs;BIsMNak edaykemAvaenAkgL . vatRmUv[cMNayeBlyUr b:uEnpl;lTplKYr[TukcitCag . edIm,IGnuvtviFIenH KYrman

- LGKisnImYy rUbTI 4>19 . CaTUeTA eKGaceRbILesIrEtTaMgGs;)an [EtGacdak;[vamansItuNPaBefr 130 GgSaes )an .

- RsUvRKb;RKan; edIm,IeRCIsyksMNak 3 EdlsMNaknImYymanTmn; 100 Rkam .- CBaIgsRmab;fwgsMNakRsUvenaH .- fassRmab;dak;sMNak .- kMb:ug kUnFugCr bfg;RkdastUcsRmab;dak;sMNak .- bkbexAd nigm:asIunKitelx sRmab;kt; nigKNnaGRtasMeNIm RBmTaMgtmmFm .

rbTI 4>1 9 Lsmt eRbIR)askgmnrBesaFnkarviPaKGRtasMeNIm eFIVeLIgeday

1>dak; b EksRmYl[LenaHdMeNIrkarkgsItuNPaB 130 GgSaes .2>eRCIs nigfwgyksMNak 100 Rkam [)an 3 .3>dak;sMNakTaMg 3 enaHeTAkgL ehIyTukvaryeBl 16 - 24 em:ag .4>fwgTmn;sMNakEdlenasl; bnab;BIryeBlxagelI .5>KNnaGRtasMeNImrbs;sMNaknImYy tamrUbmn

Tmn ; edmI -Tmn ; cguGRtaseM NIm = 100

Tmn ; edIm

6>KNnaGRtasMeNImmFmedaybUkGRtasMeNImTaMg 3 bBalKa ehIyEcknwg 3 .

sRmab;karkMNt;edayeRbIRbdab;vas; KWRtUv


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1>GannUvkarENnaM eRbIR)as; .2>cuc bmYlebIk .3>cuc bEksRmYlva[smRsbsRmab;RsUv .4>dak;sMNakRsUvcUleTAkgsabRBa ehIyskbBalkgva .5>mYl b cuc edIm,I[vabgajlTpl CaGRtasMeNIm .6>eFIVrebobenHy:agtic 3 dg ehIyKNnaGRtasMeNImmFmrbs;RsUvenaH .mkdl;sBVf; manRbdab;vas;GRtasMeNImeRcInRbePTRtUv)aneKplit rUbTI 4>20 ehIyman

mYycMnYnminGaceRbIR)as;)ansRmab;RsUvGgr . dUecHRtUvBinit[c,as;fa Rbdab;EdleyIgbRmugnwgeRbIenaH manPaBsmRsbCamYyRsUvGgr .

rbTI 4>20 Rbdab;vasGRtaseNmmYycnnbBaak; RtUveFIV[)anR)akdfaeyIgmYlRbdab;vas;[dl;kMNt; dUcEdlmanbBaak;kgksarENnaMeRBaHebIBMudUecaHeT eyIgGacTTYl)anlTplminRtwmRtUv ehIyKYr]sSah_Binit nigEksRmYlPaBeTogTat;rbs;Rbdab;vas;sMeNIm edayeRbobeFobGRtasMeNImrbs;sMNakRsUvmYy Edlvavas;eXIj nigbgajeLIgtamviFILsmt .

4>9>2 GRtaseNmsmtasmta = tlPaB b ElgERbRbl}

dUcEdl)anerobrab;rYcmkehIy RsUvGgrEtgpas;brsMeNImCamYyxl;briyakasEdlenACMuvijva . enAeBlTukdak; GRtasMeNImcugeRkaybMputrbs;RsUvGgrEdlTukdak;Fmta nwgERbRbYleTAtamsItuNPaB nigGRtasMeNImeFobnxl;briyakasEdlenACMuvijRsUvGgrenaH . RsUvGgrnwgbnRsUbb beBajsMeNIm rhUtTal;EtvamantulPaBCamYynwgbriyakasCMuvijva ehIyGRtasMeNImcugeRkaybMput EdlElgERbRbYlenaHeQaHfa : GRtasMeNImsmta : . RbsinebIRsUvminRtUv)ankarBar

Tl;nwgsMeNImkgxl; CaBiesssRmab;lkxNGakasFatuenAtMbn;RtUBik dUcenARbeTseyIgEdl


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GRtasMeNImeFobGacmanrhUtdl; 95 - 100 GRtasMeNImrbs;vanwgekIneLIg ehIyeFIV[xUcxatbGn;KuNPaB .

enArdUvvsSa enAtMbn;RtUBikesIm dUcenAkm4 GRtaseNmsmtanRsv ERbRbYltamstuNPaB ngGRtaseNmeFobGRtaseNmeFob stNPaB GgSaes22 24 28 32 36 40 4450 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.0 9.9

55 11.7 11.5 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.6 10.4

60 12.3 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 11.0

65 12.7 12.6 12.4 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.6

70 13.5 13.3 13.1 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.3

75 14.3 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.4 13.2 13.0

77 14.6 14.3 14.1 13.9 13.7 13.5 13.4

79 14.9 14.7 14.5 14.3 14.1 13.9 13.7

81 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.6 14.5 14.3 14.1

83 15.7 15.7 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.7 14.5

85 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.1 15.0

87 16.6 16.4 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.5

89 17.2 17.0 16.8 16.6 16.4 16.2 16.1

91 17.9 17.7 17.5 17.3 17.1 16.9 16.7

RbPB Teter, 1987

Ca]TahrN_ GRtasMeNImeFob 77

nigsItuNPaB 32 GgSaes RKab;RsUvnwgmanGRta

sMeNIm 13>9 mansvtPaBkgkarTkdak

GRtasMeNImeFob 85

nigsItuNPaB 32 GgSaes

RKab;RsUvnwgmanGRta

sMeNIm 15>5

mnmansvtPaBkgkarTkdak


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4>9>3 GRtaseNmeFobbryakas(Relative humidity)GRtasMeNImeFobbriyakasKWCatmelx KitCa EdlbBaak;BIsMeNImenAkgxl;briya

kas RBmTaMgsmtPaBrbs;xl;kgkarpas;brsMeNImCamYyvtTaMgLayEdlenACamYyva . kalNa

tmelxenHkan;EttUc kan;EtxiteTACit 0 mannyfaxl;manlTPaB RsUbsMeNImBIvtTaMgLayEdlb:HCamYyva)ankan;EteRcIn . pyeTAvij kalNatmelxenHkan;EtFM kan;EtxiteTACit 100mannyfaxl;manlTPaBkan;EttickgkarRsUbyksMeNImBIvtTaMgLayEdlenACamYyva ehIymaneBlxHvaEfmTaMgeFIV[vtenaHkan;EtesImeTotpg .

GRtasMeNImeFobERbRbYleTAtambrimaNcMhayTwkEdlmanenAkgxl;briyakas nigbrimaNcMhayTwkeRcInbMput Gtibrima Edlxl;dEdlenaHGacpk)an . cMhayTwkGtibrimaEdlxl;Gacpk)anERbRbYleTAtamsItuNPaBrbs;xl;enaH taragTI 4>5>.

100% = K/RklbrmakghayTwkGt K/RkgxlhayTwkk eNmeFob taragTI 4>5 chayTwkGtibrmasRmab;xlmanstuNPaBepSgstNPaBxl

GgSaes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90chayTkGtbrmaRkam 3>9 7>9 15>2 28>1 50>6 89>5 158>5 289>7 580>0 1559]TahrN_xageRkambBaak;fa eRkamsItuNPaBxusKa xl;EdlmancMhayTwk 15>2 Rkam

mansMeNImeFobepSgKa

C50%171005.89

2.15RH

C30%541001.28

2.15RH

C20%1001002.15

2.15RH

PaBRkamstuNPaBRkamstuNPaBRkamstuN

4>9>4 GRtaseNmeFobsmtaRbsinebIRsUvRtUv)anTukdak;kgbrisanbiTCit dUcCakgfg;)asik FugEdk b FugCrFMCaedIm

xl;enACMuvijRsUvenaHminb:HBal;edaypal;CamYyxl;xageRkA eFIV[GRtasMeNImeFobrbs;xl;enA


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47

CamYyRsUvnwgdl;kRmitsmta eBalKWmantulPaBCamYyGRtasMeNImRsUv . GRtasMeNImeFobcugeRkaybMputnxl;kgbrisanbiTCitenaH eRcInRtUv)aneKehAfa : GRtasMeNImeFobsmta : .

CaTUeTA GRtasMeNImeFobsmtakg)av CRguk FugFMbiTCit benAkgbrikarTukdak;epSgeTotKYrmankRmitx10 sMNYrGMBIkarTukdak;sUmKUs kgRbGb; EdlGkyl;faRtwmRtUvCageK .

sNrT 1 ehtuGIV)anCaRtUvTukdak;RsUvGgr[)anRtwmRtUv ?edIm,IkMu[eKlYc .edIm,IkarBarvaBIsMeNIm ktacRg nigCMgW .edIm,IgayRsYlKNnaTinpl .edIm,IRsYlekIb bykecj .

sNrT 2 etIRtUvTukdak;GIV edIm,Iecosvagkarqab;xUcxat ?CaRsUv .CaGgrsRmit .CaGgrsMrUb .

sNrT 3 etIbrikar bkEngTukdak;EdllKYrmansPaBdUcemc ?manTMhMFM .

GacTb;sat;ktacRgnana nigsMeNIm . RtUv)ansagsg;enAeRkamdI . RtUv)ansagsg;x


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48

sNrT 5 smtPaB bcMNuHnkarTukdak; GaRsynwg ?TMhM)av nigkm


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49

5 - karkinRsUv

karkinRsUvKWCakicRbtibtidmansarsMxan;;enAeRkayplitkm . vaRtUv)aneFIVeLIgedIm,Ibk

sm,kGgam nigxat;RsTab;knk;ecj edIm,ITTYl)anGgrs b GgrsRmit sRmab;briePaK eRBaHfaGgrEdlmansuvtiPaBsRmab;karhUbcuk KYrEt 1> kin)ansatRKb;RKan; .2> BMumansMram RKab;esA nigRkYs .3> mancugGgrtictYc .

rbTI 5>1 cgGgrRsUvPaKeRcInman

-GgamRbmaN 20 .- RsTab;knk;RbmaN 10 .-sac;Ggr Gg;dUEs2 RKab;Rsv = Ggam + knk; + sacGgr


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k> RsvRsUvEdlTTYl)anBIERsEtgmansm,kGgamsRmab;karBarBIxageRkA EdleyIgminGacbriePaK

)aneLIy .

x> GgrsrbKWCaGgrEdlTTYl)anBIRsUvEdl)anbkykGgamecj . vaenAmanRsTab;knk;BNRsGab; .

eyIgGacbriePaKGgrsMrUb)an b:uEnvasVit b rwgCagGgrsRmit . karcminGgrsMrUbEtgeRbIeBlyUrCagGgrsRmitFmta .

K> Ggrs b GgrsRmtKWCaGgrEdlTTYl)anBIkarkinsRmit . tamFmta vaElgmanRsTab;knk; nigkMBIg kEngduH

eTotehIy .

5>1 viFIkinRsUvcrcgca karknRsv = karykecjnvRsTabGgam ngknk edm,ITTl)anGgrs .ehykarknRsvGacRbRBteTAkg 1 b eRcnldab .karkinRsUvGacnwgRbRBwteTA)an

-kg 1 lMdab; RsTab;Ggam nigknk;RtUv)anbk bxat;ecjkgeBlEtmYy KWfavaplit)anGgrsRmitedaypal;BIRsUv .

-kg 2 lMdab; RsTab;Ggam nigknk;RtUv)anbk bxat;ecjkgeBledayELkbnbnab;Ka .mundMbUgbMputKWeFIV[TTYl)anGgrsMrUbBIRsUv rYc)anGgrsRmitBIGgrsMrUb .

-kgeRcInlMdab; RsUvqgkat;kicRbtibti nigbgMrbs;m:asIunepSgTRmaMkayCaGgrsRmit .5>1>1 karknRsvkg 1 ldab

karbukRsUvedayeRbIt,al; nigGERg rUbTI 5>3 enARtUv)anGnuvtenAeLIy enAtMbn;mYycMnYn .Ggam nigRsTab;knk;xHRtUvrebHecj edaykarkkitrvagRsUv nigRsUv RBmTaMgrvagGERg nigt,al; .tamrebobenH eFIV[Ggr)ak;exceRcIn . karsMGatcugeRkay EtgRtUv)aneKeFIVedayeray GMu nigs .


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rbTI 5>3 karbukRsvedayGERg ngt,almasnEdk EdlknRsvkg 1 ldab

manRbeTsRkIRkCaeRcInenAniymeRbIR)as;m:asIunkinkaehV m:ak :Engleberg : enAeLIy sRmab;kinRsUvEtkg 1 lMdab; . edaysarm:asIunenHCaRbePTRtdusedayEdknwgEdk ehIyeRbIR)as;sm


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52

5>1>2 karknRsv 2 ldabm:asIunkinRsUv 2 lMdab; rUbTI 5>5 EtgRtUv)aneKehAfam:asIunkinRsUvbRgYmmaD b m:asIun

xattUc . vaRtUv)aneKeRbICMnYsm:asIunEdkRbePTkinkaehV ehIymanEpk b bgMedIm,IkinsMrUb nigkin

sRmitedayELkBIKa . rULekAsUbksm,kGgam ehIyGgrsMrUbRtUv)anxat;knk;ecj edayt,al;sRmitRbePTRtduseFIVGMBIEdk .

rbTI 5>5 m:asnkinRsv 2 ldab;5>1>3 karknRsveRcnldab

dMeNIrkarkgm:asIunkinRsUvEbbBaNiCkmFM rUbTI 5>6 manrYmbBalnUvkicRbtibtimYycMnYnedIm,Iplit)anGgrsRmitmanbrimaN nigKuNPaBx karsMGatRsUvmunkin .2> karkinsMrUb karbksm,kGgam .3> karkinsRmit karxat;RsTab;knk; .

4> kareFIV[GgrsRmitrelag b:Uelo .5> karEjkcugGgrecjBIGgredIm .6> karRckbevcxb;Ggr .6> karRKb;RKg nigeRbIR)as;plitplrYmpSM dUcCaGgam knk; nigcugGgr .


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53

rbTI 5>6 m:asnkinRsvEbbBaNCkm5>2 m:asIunkinRsUvTMenIb

5>2>1 karsGatRsv mnknkickarenHEtgRtUv)anGnuvtedIm,IykecjnUvsMramepSgEdlenAlayLM dUcCakemccMebIg

RKab;esA FUlI .l. RbsinebIsarFatuTaMgenHminRtUv)ansMGatecj enAmuneBlkinsMrUbeTenaH smtPaBrbs;t,al;sMrUb GRtaGgrEdlkin)annwgfycuH GgrminsdUcKa ehIymaneBlxHsMramGaceFVI[xUct,al;sMrUbEtmg . tamFmta eKeFIVRbdab;sMGatRsUvmunkin[GacbMeBjmuxgar)an 1>5 dg elOnCagbrimaNRsUvEdlbBalkgm:asIunkin .

5>2>2 karknsrbkarkinsMrUb b karbksm,kGgam EtgRbRBwteTAedaykarxat;Rtdus enAeBlEdlRsUvqg

kat;cenaHp 2 EdlmanPaBeRKIm nigmanclnakgel,nxusKa . sm,kGgamRtUv)anRsUb ehIynaMeTAkEngTukdak;vaEdlenAeRkAeragm:asIun . tamFmta GgammanRbmaN 20 nTmn;RsUvsrub .

5>2>3 karEjkRsvRsUvenAsl; bnab;BIqgkat;t,al;sMrUb EtgRtUv)aneKEjkecjBIGgrsMrUb . t,al;sMrUb

kan;Etl kan;EteFIV[manenAsl;RsUvkan;Ettic . RsUvenHminKYr[manenAsl;elIsBI 10 eT . karEjkenHeFIVeLIgedayEpkelIPaBxusKanRsUv nigGgrsMrUb dUcCadg;sIuet PaBGacGENt nigTMhM .

5>2>4 karknsRmt ngkarxatrlgenAkgkicRbtibtienH RsTab;knk;RtUv)anxat;ecjedayRbdab;bnSwk b Rtdus . tamFmta

knk;Edlxat;ecjmanGRtaBI 8 eTA 10 nTmn;RsUvsrub . edIm,Ibnykar)ak;exc kgKMlugeBlkinsRmit eKeRcIneFIV[Ggrqgkat;t,al;sRmit nigt,al;xat;rMlIg b:Uelo BI 2 eTA 4 dg bnbnab;Ka .


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karxat;rMlIgGgrsRmitepSImedaydMNk;Twkqar GaceFIV[RKab;Ggrkan;EtPWrelag edaymineFIV[fycuHTinplGgr . t,al;sRmitRbePTRtdus rYmpSMnwgRbBnbeBajdMNk;TwktUcqar EtgRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;kgdMNak;kalcugeRkaybMputnkarxat;rMlIgGgr munnwglk;dUr .

5>2>5 karEjkGgrbnab;BIkinehIy GgrsRmitEtgRtUv)aneKEjkCaGgredIm cugGgrRKab;FM nigcugGgrRKab;lit

edayeRbIkERBagjak; bTTak; . GgredImKWCaRKab;GgrmanRbEvgxIbMput 75 nRbEvgGgrTaMgmUl .Rbdab;EjkRKab; tameKalkarN_RbEvg EtgRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edIm,IEjkykGgredIm .

5>2>6 karRcblGgrm:asIunkinRsUvl GkbBaam:asIunbiunRbsb; rYmnwgRsUvmanKuNPaBx2>7 karfgGgrGgreRcInRtUv)anevcxb; niglk;dUredayRckkg)avcMNuH 50 KILRkam EdlRtUvEtfwg[)anesInigeTogTat; ehIymandak;sakpg . m:asIunkinRsUvPaKeRcIneRbIR)as;RbBnfwgemkanikmanPaBeTog

Tat; . RbBnfwgGgreGLikRtUnikkRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;Edr .

5>3 sMNYrGMBIkarkinRsUvsUmKUsenAelIRbGb;cemIyEdlRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 1 etIkarkinRsUvCaGIV ?CakarkinRsUv[eTACaemSA .CakarsMGatRsUv .Cakarbk nigxat;ecjnUvRsTab;Ggam nigknk; .Cakarbk nigxat;ecjnUvRsTab;Ggam knk; ehIyEjkykGgredIm .

sNrT 2 etIlMdab;kinRsUvmYyNaEdlmanPaBRtwmRtUv ?sMGatRsUvmunkin kinsMrUb kinsRmit EjkGgr nigevcxb; .


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kinsMrUb EjkGgr kinsRmit nigevcxb; .EjkGgr kinsMrUb kinsRmit nigevcxb; .sMGatRsUvmunkin kinsRmit EjkGgr nigevcxb; .

sNrT 3 edIm,ITTYl)anGgrmanKuNPaBl etIRtUvkinRsUvmanGRtasMeNImkRmitNa ?b:unank)anEdr .16 .14 .11 .

sNrT 4 etIGgredImKWCaGIV ?RKab;GgrEdlmanRbEvgEvgCag 65 eTA 75 nRbEvgGgrsrub .RKab;GgrEdlmanRbEvgEvgCag 75 nRbEvgGgrsrub .RKab;GgrEdlmanRbEvgEvgCag 80 eTA 85 nRbEvgGgrsrub .RKab;GgrEdlenATaMgmUl .

sNrT 5 etIGRtaGgrsRmit nigGRtaGgredIm Edl TTYl)anBIm:asIunkinRsUvdlmYyenATIVbGasIumankRmitb:unNa ?GgrsRmit 60 - 65 nigGgredIm 45 - 50 .GgrsRmit 60 nigGgredIm 50 - 55 .GgrsRmit 65 - 70 nigGgredIm 50 - 60 .Ggrs 70 - 75 nigGgredIm 60 - 65 .


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6 - KuNPaBRsUvGgr

GkeRbIR)as; b GkhUbcukKWCaGkseRmcfa etIRsUvGgrEdlmanKuNPaBl KYrmansPaBEbb

Na ehIyeKnwgpl;tmeTAtamenaH . enHmannyfa TIbMputKWGkeRbIR)as;EdlCaGkseRmcfaRsUvGgrmanKuNPaBx1 .

rbTI 6>1 lkN2 sxannKuNPaBRsvGgr6>1 lkNrUbsaRsnRsUv Ggr

6>1>1 lkNrbsasnRsvlkNrUbsaRssMxan;rbs;RsUvmancMnYn 6 KW -GRtasMeNIm .-GRtaRKab;eRbHRsaM .-TMhMRKab; .-GRtaRKab;enAesIrTwk minTan;TMul .-GRtasarFatulayLM .-

Tmn; 1000 RKab; .

rbTI 6>2 RKab;Rsvminsat sat nglbBaak; niymny sarsMxan; nigrebobvas;kMNt;lkNTaMgenHmanerobrab;kgEpkTI 4>9 nig 6>4.

lkNrbsas lkNKm

KNPaBRsvGgrKCakarrmpSMn


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6>1>2 lkNrbsasnGgrlkNrUbsasnGgr rYmman

-GgredIm nigcugGgr .- RKab;xUc nigERbBN .- rUbrag nigTMhMRKab; .-sPaBdUcdI sseBaH .-BNsm,r .-Tmn; .-FUlI RkYs sMramlayLM .-GRtasMeNIm .Ggredm ngGRtaGgredmGgredImKWCaRKab;GgrEdlenArlUnmin)ak;bEvgCag 34 nbeNayGgrTaMgmUl. CaTUeTA

GgredImEtgRtUv)aneKKitCaPaKryeFobeTAnwgRsUvEdleKehAfaGRtaGgredIm . Ca]TahrN_RbsinebI 45 nRsUvEdlykeTAkinCaGgredIm eyIgGacniyayfaGRtaGgredImEdlTTYl)anBIRsUvenaHman45 . GRtaGgredImGacERbRbYlBI 25 eTA 65 . lkNKuNPaBrbs;RsUv KWCaktasMxan;CageK EdleFIV[b:HBal;dl;GRtaGgredIm. KuNPaBm:asIunkinRsUv nigPaBCMnajnGkbBaam:asIunkinRsUvkrYmcMENkman\TiBldl;KuNPaBenHEdr .

rbTI6>3 RKab;GgrGRtacgGgr

GRtacugGgr eRcInRtUv)aneKkMNt;edayeRbobeFobTmn;cugGgreTAnwgTmn;Ggrsrub . edIm,Ivas;kMNt;GRtacugGgr KYrman

sac;Ggr

kMBIg


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58

-GgrRKb;RKan;edIm,IeRCIsyksMNak 25 Rkam.-CBaIg sRmab;fwgsMNakenH .- Rbdab;EjkcugGgrecjBIGgredIm.-Fug bkMb:ugCrFmta bfg;RkdastUcsRmab;dak;Ggr .-bkbexAd Rkdas nigm:asIunKitelx sRmab;kt;Rta nigKNna .viFIvas;kMNt;GRtacugGgrKW

1>eRCIsyksMNakGgr 25 Rkam tameKalkarN_cdn k .2>eRbIR)as;Rbdab;Ejk edIm,IEjkcugGgrecjBIGgredIm . bBaak; GgredImKWCaGgrman

beNayEvgCag 75 nRbEvgGgrTaMgmUl.3>fwg : cugGgr : Edl)anEjkecjBIsMNakxagelI x.4>KNna : GRtacugGgr : K tamrUbmn

100

Tmn ; cugGgr x GRtacgu Ggr K =

Tmn; sMNakGgr k

rbTI6>4 cgGgrRKab;ltkanEteRcn eFI[tm GgrkanEtefakRKabxc ngERbBN

muneBlkin RsUvGacnwgxUcxatedaykarERbRbYlCIv-KImInsac;xagkg . karERbRbYlenHGaceFIV[RsUvGgrmanBNxusFmta nigkinminl . mUlehtuepSgeTotEdleFIV[RsUvGgrxUc KWedaysarstVlit karduHpSit karRtUvTwk bRsUbsMeNIm nigkareLIgkemA .

edIm,Ivas;kMNt;GRtaGgrxUcRtUvmansmardUcteTA -GgrRKb;RKan;edIm,IeRCIsyksMNak 25 Rkam.


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-CBaIg sRmab;fwgsMNakenH .-Fug bkMb:ugCrFmtabfg;RkdastUc sRmab;dak;Ggr .-bkbexAd Rkdasnigm:asIunKitelx sRmab;kt;Rta nigKNna .viFIvas;kMNt;GRtaGgrxUcKW

1>eRCIsyksMNakGgr 25 Rkam edayeRbIR)as;CBaIg k .2>eRCIserIs nigEjkGgrxUcecjBIsMNakenaH .3>fwgGgrxUcEdl)anEjk x .4>KNnaGRtaGgrxUc tamrUbmn

100

Tmn; GgrEdlxUc x

GRtaGgrEdlxcU =Tmn; sMNakGgr k sPaBdcdssPaBdUcdI sEtgRtUv)ankMNt;eTAtamsPaBfa bminfansac;Ggr . RbsinebIEpkxHnsac;

GgrminmansPaBfa eKEtgehAfavamansPaBdUcdI sbmaneBaHs .eTaHbICasPaBenHRtUv)anrlub)at;enAeRkayeBlcmin nigBMuman\TiBldl;rsCati b kinvakeday keKEtg[tmGgrEbbenaHefakCagGgrFmtaEdr .CaTUeTAbBaaenHekItmanedaykarrMxankgeBlEdlRsUvkMBugdak;RKab; ehIyeFIV[Ggrgaynwg)ak;exckgeBlkin . GkviTasasmYycMnYn)anGHGagfabBaaenHekItmanedaysarsPaBminENnnemSA Starch nigRbUetGIun ehIyBUCRsUvEdlmanEbkExgeRcIn eRcIneFIV[manbBaaenHeRcInCagBUCRsUvEdlminsUvEbkExg .

edIm,Ivas;kMNt;GRtaGgrEdlmansPaBdUcdI senAkgGgr caM)ac;RtUvman -GgrRKb;RKan;edIm,IeRCIsyksMNak 25 Rkam.-CBaIg sRmab;fwgsMNakenH .

-Fug bkMb:ugCrFmta bfg;RkdastUcsRmab;dak;Ggr .-bkbexAd Rkdasnigm:asIunKitelx sRmab;kt;Rta nigKNna .viFIvas;kMNt;GRtaenHKW

1>eRCIsyksMNakGgr 25 Rkam edayeRbIR)as;CBaIg k .2>eRCIserIs nigEjkRKab;GgrmansPaBdUcdI secjBIsMNak.

bBaak; karkMNt;sPaBdUcdI seRcIneFIVeLIgedayemIlnwgEPk ehIycat;fak;eTAtamtaragTI 6>1 .


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taragTI 6>1 cNat;fak;GgrmansPaBdUcdI skRmt PaKrynEpkmansPaBdcd s0 KanesaH

1 ticCag 105 10 eTA 209 eRcInCag 20

3>fwgGgrmansPaBdUcdI skRmit 9 Edl)anEjkecjBIsMNakGgr x .4>KNnaGRtaGgrEdlmansPaBdUcdI stamrUbmn

100Tmn;GgrEdlmansPaBdUcdsI x GRtaGgrEdlmansPaBdUcdsI =

Tmn ; sNM akGgr k

PaBsfa ngkRmtknPaBsPaBfa nigkRmitkin KWCaktakMNt;GMBIBNsm,rGgr . vaKWCaplrYmnlkNrUbrbs;

BUC nigkRmitkin . KYrbBaak;faGgrEdlminmanPaBTak;TajsRmab;GkbriePaK nwgmantmefakelI

TIpSar . ehtuenH karEklMGBNsm,rGgredaykinRtwmRtUv nigRKb;RKan;nwgeFIV[tmvaekIneLIg .kgeBlkinsRmit RsTab;manBNR)ak; nigRsTab;knk;RtUv)anxat;ecj .kRmitkinEtgRtUv)an

eKkMNt;eTAtambrimaNknk;Edlxat;ecjBIGgr .

100%, = Ggrsrbm knkmkRmtkn

GgrRkhm ngGgrrnkGgrRkhm nigGgrrnuk CaGgrEdlmansl;RsTab;knk;xHbnab;BIkinehIy .GkbriePaK)ay

esIrEtTaMgGs; Etgcg;)anGgrEdlkin)anl xat;RsTab;knk;Gs; edaysarvaemIleTAl nigmingaypr ehIykarenAsl;GgrRkhm nigGgrrnukkgGgrmannyfaGgrenaHkinmin)anl b minRCHknk;EdleFIV[vaklk;min)anfeTAtamenaH .


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6>2 lkNKImInGgrlkNKImInGgrKWCaktakMNt;PaBrwg st RCay bTn; nigqaj;Bisabnab;BIcmin. lkN

TaMgenaHcMnYn 3 sMxan;KW Gelatinization temperature, Gel consistency nig Amylose content .

rbTI 6 >6 )ay6>2>1 Gelatinization temperature sItuNPaBEdleFIV[GgrERbCa)ay

Gelatinization temperature KWCasItuNPaB EdlenAeBlenaHGgrRsUbTwk ehIyemSA StarchenAkgsac;Ggrcab;epImrIk minrYmvij . vakMNt;ryeBlRtUvkarsRmab;cmin)ay EdlmannyfakalNaGgrmansItuNPaBenHkan;Etx7 Gelatinization temperaturekMNt;ryeBlEdlRtUvkarcmnGgrCa)ay

rbTI 6 > 5 GgrRkhm ngGgrrnk


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maneBlxH eK)anCUneyabl;edIm,ITukdak;RsUv[)any:agtic 4 Ex bnab;BIRcUtehIy munnwgykvaeTAkin ehIydaMCa)aysRmab;vaytmKuNPaB . { PaBcas;} nRsUvGgrkeFIV[ekIneLIgnUvkarRsUbTwk nigkarrIkmaD)ay Edlmannyfa)aydaMBIGgrRsUvcas;eRcInrwgCag)aydaMBIGgrRsUvfI .

GaRsyeTAtam Gelatinization temperature GgrRtUv)ancat;fak;famansItuNPaBenHTabmFm nigx8 cNat;fak;GgreTAtam Amylose content


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rbTI 6>9 )ayst rg esm st ERbRbYleTAtamGRtaAmylose contenttaragTI 6>2 lkNrbs)ay EdlERbRbYleTAtam Amylose content kgGgr

Amylose content lkNrbs)ayeRcIn rIkmaD beLIgxaMg ehIyst sVit nigrwg enAeBlTuk[RtCak;

tic esIm ehIysit6>2>3 Gel consistencysirPaBrbs;CatiGnilPaBrwgenHkMNt;TMenarrbs;)ayeTArkPaBrwg enAeBlTukva[RtCak; EdlmannyfakalNa

Ggrman Gel consistency kan;Etx4 eRbobeFob)ayEdldaMBIGgrman Gel consistency

rwg nigTn; .

taragTI 6>3 cNat;fak;Ggr eTAtam Gel consistencycNatfak Gel consistencyKitCa rwg 27 -35

rwgmFm 36 -40

mFm 41 -60Tn; 61 -100

taragTI 6>4 lkN)ayERbRbYleTAtam Gel consistencyGel consistency lkNrbs)ay

rwg minsUvsit ehIyeRcInrwg

Tn; puy mankarniymeRcIn


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viFIeFIVetsEbbrUb-KImI EdlEtgRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edIm,IkMNt;KuNPaB)aymandUcCa - kareFIVetsedayeRbIAlkali (Alkali test) .- kareFIVetsviPaKGamILs(Amylose test) .- kareFIVetsviPaKGel consistency (Gel consistency test) .- kareFIVetsBntRKab; (Kernel elongation test) .- kareFIVetskin (Aroma test) .kareFIVetsviPaKGel consistencyeRcInRtUv)aneKGnuvt eday

1>kemAGgrbnickg AlkaliCatik,g Edl)anlay b BRgav EdleFIV[xusBIConsistencyrbs;emSAlayTwk 5 EdlRtCak; .

2>rkSaTukGelEdlRtCak; kgbMBg;Ekvepk ryeBl 1 em:ag .3>vas;RbEvg Gel .karviPaKGel consistency )anEckGgrEdlman Amylose content xGgrman Gel consistency rwg GelesI bxICag 40 mIlIEm:Rt eFIV[)ayrwgxaMg .2>Ggrman Gel consistencyrwgmFm GelRbEvg 41 -60 mIlIEm:Rt eFIV[)ayrwg .3>Ggrman Gel consistencyTn; Gel EvgCag 61 mIlIEm:Rt eFIV[)ayTn; .

lMhat; etIlkNTaMgLayxageRkamenHCalkNrUbsas b lkNKImInGgr ?

GgrRKabF GgrRKablt PaBgayRslxaTBar )ayst

xSackgGgr knl BNelOg qn enAstNPaB 90GgSaes6>3 ktaman\TiBldl;KuNPaBRsUvGgr

KuNPaBRsUvGgrEtgrg\TiBlBIktacRmuHmYycMnYn dUcCaBUC viFIplit plitkm b kardaMduHnigkarRKb;RKgeRkayeBlRbmUlpl .


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6>3>1 ktaBCBUCRsUvnImYymanlkNepSgKa EdleFIV[GacxusKa TaMg

-Tinpl .-lkNrUb BN rUbrag TMhM dg;sIuet PaBsVit brwgmaM PaBmanBNdUcdI s.l.-lkNKImI PaBTn; b rwgrbs;)ay kinRbehIr rsCati ryeBlcmin.l.-PaBFn;RTaMCamYynwgkarxUcxatedaybBaaepSg dUcCaPaBraMgst ktacRg nigCMgW .

6>3>2 ktapltkmkarrMxanepSgkgGMLgeBlplitkm kgeBlEdlRsUvduHlUtlas; Gacnwgman\TiBldl;

KuNPaBRsUvGgr . karrMxanTaMgenaHGacCa -karBMumanTwkRKb;RKan; .-karBMumanCICatiRKb;RKan; .-karbMpajedayktacRgnana .

karrMxanenAeBlRsUvkMBugduHlUtlas; GacbNal[ -fycuHTinpl .- RsUvminTMudMNalKa .- RKab;RsUvxUc b es3>3 ktaRKbRKgenAeRkayeBlRbmlplkarRKb;RKgBMuRtwmRtUv enAeRkayplitkm GacbNal[

-)at;bg;RsUvGgr edaysarktacRgnana .

-)at;bg;RsUvGgrenAkgkicRbtibtiNamYy b kgkicRbtibtimYycMnYn .-xUcxatEpkrUbsaRs dUcCa)ak;excRKab; manlayLMedayFUlIdI nigTwkenamkNr .l.- ERbBNRsUvGgredayRbtikmKImI EdlCaplnkarRsUbsMeNImcUlvij .

6 >4 lkNrbs;BUCKuNPaBrbs;RKab;BUCGaRsynwglkxNTaMgLayEdledImem nigRKab;vaqgkat; kgeBlduH

lUtlas; RbmUlpl RKb;RKg Tukdak; nigdaMduH . sItuNPaB sarFatuciBawm nigktabrisanepSg k


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man\TiBldl;karekItCarUbragRKab; ehIynigKuNPaBrbs;vaEdr .

6>4>1 sarsxannKNPaBRKabBCRKab;BUCKWCaplitplenAmanCIvit . eyIgRtUvEtdaM RbmUl nigRKb;RKgva[RtwmRtUv edIm,I[va

duHeRcIn nigl ehIypl;plitPaBx


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dUcenH eyIgGacnwgTTYl)anRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBl kalNa - eyIgdaMduHedayeRbIR)as;RKab;BUCsuTnigl .-dMNaMRsUvRtUv)anduHlUtlas;kglkxNdl .- eyIgRcUtkat;kgeBlevla nigedayviFIsmRsb.- eyIge)akEbn sMGatnighalsmtvaPam nigsmRsb.- eyIgmanRbBnTukdak; nigEbgEckRKab;BUCRtwmRtUv .RKab;BUCmanKuNPaBl KYrEt

1>manPaBsuT bminkay.2>mansarFatulayLMtictYcbMput.3>manPaBefas .4>minmankarxUcxat .5>manGRtadMNuHx4>2 lkNsTxagBCnRKabBCRsvlkNsuTxagBUC KWkarminmanRKab;BUCepSglayLM . vaGackMNt;edaylkNrUb KImI nig

dMNaM . lkNrUbrbs;RKab;BUCKWRbEvgbeNay TTwg rUbrag TMhM BN nigkin . eyIgGackMNt;lkNTaMgenHedayrab; nigfwgTmn; 1000 RKab; BinitedayEPkTeT b edayeRbIR)as;xatBN .l.rIlkNKImIvijmandUcCa Amylose content BNAlkali digestion, Gel consistency nigRbUetGIun .

BUCsuTEtgeFIV[RsUvmankm


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6>4>3 PaBmnsatPaBminsatGacCaRKab;esA RKab;BUCdMNaMepSg sarFatulayLMepSg dUcCaRKab;RkYs FUlI b

kemckmIepSg . sarFatuTaMgenHEtgRtUv)aneKKitCaPaKrynTmn;RsUvBUCsrub .

6>4>4 ThRKabPaBefas b kardak;RKab;eBj KWCalkNrbs;RKab;BUCl KWfavaeRcInmanskanuBlPaBx4>5 RKabBCxc xcRTgRTay ngmanCgRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBl KYrEtminmanCMgWminrgkarbMpajnigminmanbBaaepSgeTot . vaKYrEt

enAl Kankardac;rlat; b )ak;Ebk EdlGaceFIV[GRtadMNuH nigPaBxaMgrbs;vafycuH .

rbTI 6>12 RKab;BCEdlxUc xUcRTgRTay ngmanCg6>4>6 GRtadNHkgERs

GRtadMNuHnRKab;BUCenAkgERs GaRsyCasMxan;elIGRtasMeNImrbs;vakgeBlTukdak; skanuBlPaBdMNuH nigPaBxaMgrbs;va . GRtasMeNImman\TiBly:agxaMgeTAelICIvit nigPaBxaMgnRKab;BUC . CaTUeTA GRtasMeNImenHKYrTabCag 14 ehIyKYrEt[TabCag 13 RbsinebIRtUvTukdak;BUCkgryeBlyUr .

PaBxaMgrbs;RKab;BUCKWCaRbsiTPaBkgkarduH niglUtlas;enAkgERs . RKab;BUCEdlxaMg eFIV[edImqab;duH manlkNRbhak;RbEhlKa ehIyGacRTaMRT)anlCamYylkxNdaMduHminsUvGMeNaypl . pyeTAvij RKab;BUCexSayeFIV[mingayduHBnk manedImexSay ehIygaynwgxUcxat .


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enAeBlEdldMNuHRKab;mansnHxusKatictYcBIBUCmYyeTAmYy RKab;BUCEtgRsUbsMeNIm ehIykgryeBl 2 fvaKYrduHbs nigkgryeBl 4 f vaKYrduHswkTI 1 . karduH karbnrs;ran niglUtlas;KWCakarkMNt;GRtadMNuHenAkgERs .

rbTI6>13 RKab;BCduH6>4>7 deNknRKabBC

BUCRsUvCaeRcInmanryeBldMeNkPambnab;BIRcUtkat;rYc EdleFIV[vamanGRtadMNuHTab .tamFmta ryeBlenHmanRbEhlCa 1 Ex . manviFImYycMnYnRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;edIm,IbMEbkdMeNkehIyeFIV[vaduHeRcIn . viFITaMgenaHmandUcCa

kareRbIsItuNPaBx8 kareFetsRKabBCCaTUeTA RKab;BUCEtgRtUv)aneRCIserIs nigviPaKkgmnIrBiesaFn_bnab;BIsmt nigsMGatrYc.

sMNakBUCEtgRtUv)anviPaKedayBinitelIlkNKuNPaBdUc)anerobrab;xagelI .


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rbTI6>14 RKab;BCminsT ngk areRCsers b Ejk6>4>9 vBaabnbRtbBaakBC

kareFIVviBaabnbRtbBaak;GMBIBUCmaneKalbMNgsMxan; edIm,IeFIV[manRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBlsRmab;ksikreRbIR)as; . RKab;BUCEdl)anTTYlkarbBaak;RtUvEtmanPaBsuTxagBUC mandMNuHx5 erobrab;GMBIlkNsg;daBUCenARbeTshIVlIBIn .

taragTI 6>5 sgdarpvkarsRmab;eFIvBaabnbRtbBaak;G MBRKab;BC enARbeTshlBnbryay BCkRmt

BreederBCkRmt

FoundationBCkRmt

RegisteredBCkRmtCertified

BUCsuT 98 98 98 97RKab;BUCRsUvepSg RKab;500Rkam 0 2 5 10RKab;esAcRg nigdMNaMepSg 0 0 0>05 0>1sMramlayLM 2 2 2 3RKab;RsUvRkhm RKab;500 Rkam 0 0 1 2GRtadMNuH ticbMput 80 80 80 80

GRtasMeNIm 14 14 14 14


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cMNaM- RtUvdaMRKab;BUC BreederedIm,ITTYl)anRKab;BUC Foundation .- RtUvdaMRKab;BUC Foundation edIm,ITTYl)anRKab;BUC Registered.- RtUvdaMRKab;BUC Registered edIm,ITTYl)anRKab;BUC Certified . RbsinebIBMumanRKab;BUCRegisteredRtUvdaMRKab;BUC Foundation edIm,ITTYl)anRKab;BUC Certified.edIm,IbBaak;TTYlsal;BUC manRbeTsCaeRcInGnuvtkarRtYtBinittaMgBIvaenACadMNaMkgERs .

Pak;gareFIVviBaabnbRtBinitemIlRsUvkgERs y:agehacNas;mgkgdMNak;kallUtlas; nigmgeTotenAmuneBlRcUtkat; ehIyGacnwgbdiesFminecjviBaabnbRtTTYlsal; RbsinebIdMNaMRsUvminlRKb;RKan; eRBaHEt

-manesAcRgeRcIn .-duHlUtlas;exSay.-manedImminrwgmaM bmanCMgW .-manstVlitbMpaj.-lkxNepSgeTotEdlmineFIV[karRtYtBinitRbRBwteTA)anRtwmRtUv b eFIV[manmnilGMBIGt

sBaaNnBUCenaH .

rbTI 6>15 karBnt emIlsanPaBRsvkgERssRmab;BinitKuNPaBBUCRsUv RbeTsepSg)aneFIVsg;daepSgKa. taragTI 6>6 erobrab;GMBI

sg;daBinitsanPaBRsUvkgERsenARbeTsmIy:an;m:a .


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taragTI 6>6 sgdarsRmab;Rt YtBntsanPaBRsvkgERs enARbeTsmIy :anm:abryay BC Foundation BCRegistered BCCertifiedBUCkay 0>05 0>30 0>30

edImepSgEdlminGacbMEbk )an 0>01 0>05 0>05esAcRgEdlminGacTTYl yk)an 0>01 0>02 0>02edIm bkYr manCMgW 0>01 0>05 0>05

6 >5 meFa)ayedIm,IplitRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBx5>1 kareRCsersERs ngkarerobcd

ERsEdleRCIserIssRmab;plitRKab;BUC KYrEtmanlkNvinicymYycMnYn EdlrYmman

-min)andaMduHRsUvkalBIqaM b rdUvmun elIkElgEtERs)andaMBUCdUcKa sRmab;TTYl)anviBaabnbRtbBaak; .

-xNdac;BIERsmYyeTotEdldaMBUCRsUvdUcKa edayRbLay pv b RbeLaHTMenr y:agehacNas;3 Em:Rt edIm,IecosvagnUvkarkay b layLM .

rbTI 6>16 KmatrvagRsvdaykBC y:agtic 3 Em:Rt- erobcMdI)anl edIm,Ismab; bkmat;edImRsUvmY RsUvduHBIRKab;BUCEdlRCuHkgrdUvmun nigesA

cRg. dIERsKYrRtUv)anPrras; b dak;faMKImI edIm,ITb;min[RsUvmY nigesAcRgGacEp)an .

rbTI 6>17 dIERsKYrRtUv)anerobc Prras RtwmRtUv


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6>5>2 karRKbRKgdNakarRKb;RKgdMNaMnwgman\TiBldl;karlUtlas;nigPaBTMudMNalKanRsUv . karRKb;RKgenH

rYmmankarRKb;RKgTwk CI dg;sIuetedIm esAcRg RBmTaMgktacRg nigCMgWepSg .

karRKb;RKgTwk edIm,IRKb;RKgTwk)anl ERsRtUvmansPaBrabesI ehIymanPWKt;mt; . karmanTwkCeRmA2-5 sgIEm:Rt ray braceBjERsGacnwgrYmcMENkeFIV[

-dMNaMduHlUtlas;l nigesIKa .-TTYl)anTinplx18 ERsrabesCyeFI[RKb;RKgTwk)anlkarRKb;RKgTwkRtwmRtUvknwgCYybnykarRbkYtRbECgrbs;esAcRg begInTinpl nigKuNPaB

RKab; edaykarbnysMrambsarFatulayLMepSg .

rbTI 6>19 karelkPERs


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karRKb;RKgCI kardak;CIRtwmRtUvnigsmRsbeTAtamBUC niglkxNdaMduHmansarsMxan; . kardak;edayRbugRbytnUvCIGahSt GacCYyeFIV[RsUvTMudMNalKa dak;RKab;eBjnigmankRmitRbUetGIunx


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75

rbTI6>21 karmanGRtaedImRsvsmRsbKWCaRbkarsxanedIm,ITTYl)anTinplx3 karRKbRKgRKabBCenAeRkayeBlRbmlplRKab;BUCEdlmanKuNPaBl tRmUv[mankarRKb;RKgRtwmRtUv . RKab;BUC Breeder KYrRtUv)an

RcUtkat;edayd nige)akEbnedaym:asIun EdlmanRbBnsMGat[sat. RKab;BUCRbePT Foundation,


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Registered nig Certified GacnwgRcUtkat;)anedaym:asIun EdlRtUv)ansMGatRtwmRtUv edIm,IecosvagkarmanBUCRsUvepSgenAlayLM .

eBlevlaRcUtkat; eBlevlasmRsbbMputedIm,IRcUtkat; KWenAeBlEdlRKab;RsUvmanGRtasMeNIm20-25 b enAeBlRsUv 80 -85 manBNdUccMebIg KWRbmaN 30 fbnab;BIecjpa .RbsinebIRcUtkat;yWteBkRKab;RsUvCaeRcInnwgRCuHxat;xay b stRCul ehIyeRbHRsaMkgeBle)akEbn . RKab;BUCEdleRbHRsaM nwgminsUvduHb duHlUtlas;exSay. pyeTAvij RbsinebIqab;RcUtkat;eBk nwgmanRKab;BUCeRcInenAesIrTwk eFIV[vamanKuNPaBTab .

kare)akEbn KYre)akEbnCabnan; enAeRkayeBlRcUtkat; . karKrTukkNab;RsUvkan;EtyUr kan;Et

gayeFIV[RKab;RsUvGgrERbBN . el,nvilRtwmRtUvsRmab;t,al;m:asIunEdlmaneFj KW 12 - 16Em:RtvinaTI b RbmaN 600 CMunaTI . el,nvilx23 m:asne)akRsvkarhalsmt KYrhalsmtRKab;BUCRsUv[manGRtasMeNIm 13 b14 [)anqab;tamEdlGaceFIV)an bnab;BIe)akEbnrYc .kgkrNIEdlRtUvTukdak;yUr yUrCag 1 Ex KYrhalsmtva[manGRtasMeNImTabCag13ehIyTukdak;kgbrikarbiTCit .taragTI6>8erobrab;GMBIGRtasMeNImnigryeBlTukdak;smRsb.


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taragTI 6>8 ryeBlTukdak; ngGRtaseNmRKab;BCRsvryeBlTkdak GRtaseNmsvtPaB bBaaEdlGacngektmanebTkdakyr b esmCag2-3 s)ah_ 14 duHpSit ERbBN nig)at;bg;edaykardkdegIm

8 -12 Ex Tab b esI 13 rgkarbMpajrbs;stVlityUrCag 1 qaM Tab b esI 9 fycuHsmtPaBdMNuH

karsmt nigpMeRcIndg GacCYyrkSaKuNPaBRKab;BUC . eyIgGaceFIVkickarenHedayhalRsUvedaykemAf b edayeRbIR)as;m:asIunsmt kgryeBlkMNt;mYy ehIypMvaedayeFIV[vacuHRtCak; enAkgFug bkg)av kgryeBlkMNt;mYyeTot . kickarenHKYrRtUv)aneFIVsacuHsaeLIgy:agtic 2 dg

rhUtTal;EtRsUvmanGRtasMeNImTabCag besI

14 .

kgkrNIhalsmtedaykemARBHGaTit KYrBRgayRKab;BUCesIg1 - 3 sgIEm:Rt enAelIkenl kRmalbTIlan ehIyvIRtLb;va 7 - 8 dgf . eFIVrebobenH eFIV[sMeNImkgRKab;BUCGacmansPaBRbhak;RbEhlKa ehIyCYybegInel,nsmt . sItuNPaBRKab;RsUvEdlhal Gacx24 karhalsmtRsvedaykemAfm:asIunsmtFuntUcEdleKniymeRbI mansmtPaBsmtmg)an 1 - 3 etan kgryeBl 6 -

12 em:ag . enAtMbn;RtUBik eKeRcIndutkemAxl;[mansItuNPaB 40 - 42 GgSaes ehIy[vamanel,n 0>15 -0>25 Em:Rt vinaTI . eyIgGaceFIV[RbsiTPaBnm:asIunsmtRbePTenHekIneLIg edayRcbl;RtLb;RsUv kgeBlsmt .


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rbTI 6>25 karsmtedaym:asnFuntUckarsMGat RKab;BUCEdl)ane)akEbnEtgmansarFatu bkemckmIepSgenAlayLM . sarFatuTaMgenaHGacCakemcedIm bswk sNI RKab;dMNaMepSg dI nigRkYsEdlGacCaRbPBbgbBaaepSg dUcCaCRmkrbs;ktacRg nigkareFIV[RsUvesIm .l. dUecHRtUvsMGatRKab;BUC[)anqab;tamEdlGaceFIV)an bnab;BIRcUtkat; CaBiessenAmuneBlTukdak; .

karTukdak; RbsinebIRtUvTukdak;RKab;BUCRsUv[mansuvtiPaB kgryeBlyUr vaRtUvEt - manGRtasMeNImTabCag 13 b 14.- TTYl)ankarkarBarTl;nwgstVlit stVsab nigkNr.- TTYl)ankarkarBarTl;nwgkarRsUbsMeNImBITwkePg bBIxl;briyakasEdlenACMuvijva .

karTukdak;kg)avenAeBlTukdak;RKab;BUCkg)av KYr)aj;faMCaerOyedIm,IkarBarTl;nwgstVlitnigCMgWpSitehIysRmab;briyakasmansMeNImx26 karTukdak;kg)av


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karTukdak;kgCRgukksikrCaeRcIneRbIR)as;CRguk eFIVBIeQI rUbTI6>27 dI\d sIum:gt_b bnHbJsSIEdlgaynwgeFIV[RsUvBUCrgkarbMpajBIsMNak;stVlit kNrnigstVsab.

rbTI 6>27 CRgkRsvkarTukdak;biTCit karTukdak;kgbrikarbiTCit KWCaCeRmIsdmanskanuBlmYy enAtMbn;RtUBik . RbsinebIRKab;BUCRtUv)anhalsmt[manGRTasMeNImesI b TabCag 14 ehIyrkSaTukkgbrikarbiTCitvanwgminrgkarbMpajBIsMNak;stVlit kNrstVsab nigCMgWpSitehIyknwgminRsUbsMeNImBIxl;enACMuvijva b rgkarxUcxatedayTwkePgeLIy . brikarTukdak;biTCitGacmanrag nigTMhMxusKa EdlGacCaFugeRbgmancMNuH 200 lIRt rhUtdl;brikarTMenIb nigf dUcCabrikarbiTCiteFIVBI)asikCaedIm.

rbTI 6>28 brkarTukdak;biTCtmYycnn6>6 kareFIVetsvaytmKuNPaBRKab;BUC

CaTUeTA kareFIVetsvaytmKuNPaBRKab;BUC EtgRtUv)aneKGnuvtedayBinitelI1>GRtasMeNIm.2>GRtadMNuH .3>PaBsat.4>PaBsuTxagBUC .


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80

6>6>1 kareFetsGRtaseNmviFIeFIVets bvas;kMNt;GRtasMeNImRsUvGgrmanerobrab;kgEpk 4>9 .

6>6>2 kareFetsGRtadNHkareFIVetsGRtadMNuHCaviFIEdlGaceFIV)anmuneBlykRKab;BUCeTAdaMduH . ryeBlEdlRKab;

BUCRtUvkaredIm,IduHBnk KWCasBaaEdlbgajGMBIPaBxaMgrbs;va . viFIenHgayRsYlGnuvt cMNayticehIyminerIsTIkEng . edIm,IeFIVetsdMNuHKYrman

-fasminRCabTwk b dbTwksuTmanRCugrabesI mYycMehog kat;tambeNay edIm,I[manTRmg;Cafas .

- RkNat;EdlRsUb b Ck;Twk . RkdasCUtmux bkUnkEnSgGMe)aH manPaBsmRsbbMput.- RKab;BUC .-TwksRmab;epSIm.ehIyGnuvtva eday

1>dak;latRkNat; bRkdasCk;Twkkgfas.2>eRCIsyksMNakBIKMnr b )avRKab;BUC tameKalkarN_cdn ehIyRcbl;vakgFugmYy .

bnab;mk eRCIsyksMNaky:agtic 3 BIRKab;BUCEdl)anRcbl;enaH .3>rab;ykRKab;BUCcMnYn 100 RKab; BIkgsMNaknImYyTaMg 3 enaH ehIydak;rayvaenAelI

RkNat; bRkdasCk;TwkEdlenAkgfas.4>Caerogral;fkgryeBl 10 f RtUv

k> eFIV[RkNat; b RkdasenaHCk;Twk b esImCanic edaycak;TwkepSImedayRbugRbyt .x> kt;RtacMnYnRKab;BUCEdlduHBnk .

5>KNnaGRtadMNuH enAfTI 5 nigTI10tamrUbmn 100

cnM YnRKab; BCU EdlduHGRtadMNuH =

cMnYnRKab; BUCEdl)andak; kg fas

Ca]TahrN_ebImanRKab;BUC 86 kgcMeNamRKab;BUCTaMg 100 RKab; duHBnk kgryeBl10f eFIV[


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81

=86

86 100GRtadNM uHeRkay 10 f =

1006>6>3 kareFetsPaBsatrbsRKabBCRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBx29 PaBminsat bsarFatuepSgenAlayLMkgRKab;BCRsvedIm,Ivas;kMNt;PaBsatnRKab;BUC RtUv

1>eRCIsyksMNakRKab;BUC Tmn;100 Rkam .2>fwgsMNakenaH k .3>EjkecjnUvsarFatulayLM dUcCaRKab;esA RKab;dMNaMepSgnigsMram .4>fwgsarFatulayLMxagelI x .5>KNnaGRtaRKab;esA b GRtaminsat tamrUbmn

100

Tmn ; esAcRgGRtaRKab; esAcRg =

Tmn;sNM aksrbu

100

Tmn ; nsarFateu pSg K GRtalayLM nsarFateu pSg =

Tmn;sNM aksrbu k 6>6>4 kareFetskNtPaBsTxagBCdUcEdl)anerobrab;BIxagedIm RKab;BUCmanKuNPaBl RtUvEtmanPaBsuTxagBUCx


94/112

82

Edl)anrkeXIj xusKaxaMgBItme)aHBumeRCIsyksMNak 1 BIkgKMnrBUC tameKalkarN_cdn .2>eRCIsykRsUv 20 RKab; BIsMNakxagelI tameKalkarN_cdn .3>eRbIRbBayrUbTI 6>30bRbdab;BRgIkrUbftedIm,Ivas;vimaRtRKab;nImYy TaMg 20RKab;.

rbTI 6>30 RbBayvasRbEvg4>kt;RtavimaRtRKab;BUCEdlvas;eXIj kgtaragxageRkam

RKabBCRsv

TTg mIlIEm:Rt

beNaymIlIEm:Rt

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

1011

1213 1415

16

17

18

19


95/112

83

20srb

mFmsrub20

k x

5>eRbIrUbmnxageRkamedIm,IKNnapleFobbeNay nigTTWgRKab; RbEvgRKab;BCU mFm k

pleFobRbEvg nig TTgw RKab;=TTgw RKab;BCU mFm x

tYelxkgtaragTI 6>9nigtaragTI 6>10 bgajKMnitmYycMnYn sRmab;eFIVcMNat;fak;RKab;BUC .

taragTI 6>9 cNat;fak;RKab;BC eTAtambeNayrbsvacNatfak

beNay

1 EvgxaMg EvgCag 7>5 mIlIEm:Rt

3 Evg 6>6 -7>5 mIlIEm:Rt

5 mFm 5>51 -6>6 mIlIEm:Rt

7 xI esI bxICag 5>5 mIlIEm:Rt

taragTI 6>10 cNat;fak;RKab;BC eTAtamrbrag ngpleFobbeNay ngTTwgcNatfak

rbrag

pleFob

1 esIg

FMCag3>0

3 mFm

2>1 -3>0

5 Rkas;

1>1 -2>0

9 mUl tUcCag 1>16>6>5 Tmn 1000 RKab

viFImYyeTotedIm,Ivas;kMNt;PaBsuTxagBUC KWkMNt;Tmn; 1000 RKab; . Tmn;enHeRcInRtUv)aneKe)aHBum


96/112

84

1>eRCIsyksMNak 1 BIKMnrb)avRKab;BUC tameKalkarN_cdn.2>rab;ykRsUv 1000 RKab; edayykRKab;min)ak;Ebkb xUcxatBIsMNakxagelI .3>fwgRsUvBUCTaMg 1000 RKab;enaH .

6>7 sMNYrGMBIKuNPaBRsUvGgrsUmKUsenAelIRbGb;cemIysmRsb .sNrT 1 etIKuNPaBRsUvGgrCaGIV ?lkNrUbsas niglkNKImI eTAtamcMNUlcitrbs;GkeRbIR)as; .lkNKuNPaBEdlkMNt;edayGklk;dUrRsUvGgr .rsCatiRsUvGgr .kRmitcMNat;fak; EdlmansresrelI)av bkBab; .

sNrT 2 etIKuNPaBRsUvGgrEtgRtUv)aneKkMNt;tamrebobNa ?edayGklk;dUrRsUvGgr nigmas;m:asIunkinRsUv .edaykareFIVetslkNKuNPaB ehIyeRbobeFobCamYysg;dar bRsUvGgrepSgeTot .edayRbFanPUmi .

edayviTasanRsavRCavdMNaMRsUvGnrCati bsabnCatinana .sNrT 3 etIRsUvGgrmanKuNPaBx


97/112

85

rUbrag .rsCati .RKab;eRbH bRsaM .BN .sNrT 6 etIvimaRtRKab;nigTmn;1000 RKab; CalkNKuNPaBGIVrbs;RsUv ?GRtasMeNIm.PaBsuTxagBUC .brimaNsMramlayLMkgsMNak.PaKrynRKab;RsUveRbHRsaM .PaKrynRKab;enAesIrTwk.PaKrynRKab;ERbBN .

sNrT 7 PaBsatnRsUv EtgRtUv)aneKkMNt;edayKitGMBIbrimaNn> > > > > > > > > > enAlayLM.kemccMebIg .RkYs.RKab;esA .FUlIdI .sMram .

sNrT 8 GRtasMeNImRsUvsmRsbsRmab;karkinKW 20 -24.RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 9 viFILsmtpl;lTplGRtasMeNImEdlKYr[TukcitCageK .RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 10 karvas;kMNt;vimaRtRKab; edIm,IkMNt;PaBsuTxagBUC KWCakarcaM)ac; BIeRBaHkarmanBUCeRcInkgRsUveFIV[ > > > > > > >

fycuHsmtPaBkinrbs;m:asIunkinRsUv .


98/112

86

Ggr)ak;excRKab;eRcIn .fycuHGRtasMeNImrbs;RsUv .fycuHGRtaGgrEdlkin)an .fycuHGRtaGgredIm .sNrT11 RbsinebITmn;RsUv 1000 RKab; RsalCagtYelxEdleK)an e)aHBum


99/112

87

eFIV[ekIneLIgtmGgr.maneBlxH RtUv)aneKykeTAkinCaemSA .KWCakemctUcnGgr)ak;EdlbnSl;TukedaykarkinRsUv .maneBlxHRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;CavtFatuedImkgkarplitRsaebo .sNrT 16 sPaBdUcdI sman\TiBldl;KuNPaB)ay .RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 17 GgrRkhm b rnuk kalNamanRsTab; > > > > > > > > >> > > > > > enAetagCab; bnab;BIkin .sNrT 18 etIBakTaMgLayxageRkamNaxHCalkNKImIrbs;Ggr ?

sItuNPaB.Gel consistency .Gelatinization temperature .Amylose content .GRtasMeNIm.

sNrT 19 etI Amylose content eFIV[b:HBal;dl;GIV ?sPaBsit bsVit.ryeBlcmin .gaypuy bsVit.

sNrT 20 Gel consistencyeFIV[b:HBal;dl;PaBpuy bsVitn)ay .RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .

sNrT 21 etIlkNKImIxageRkamNaxH eFIV[b:HBal;dl;ryeBlcmin ?Gel consistency .sItuNPaBGelatinization .Amylose content .

sNrT 22 kareRbIRKab;BUCmanKuNPaBl GaceFIV[TinplekIneLIg 5 -20 .


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88

RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .sNrT 23 KuNPaBRKab;BUCGaRsynwglkxNrUbsaRs EdledImemrbs;vaRtUv)andak;[rg bqgkat; kgdMNak;kallUtlas; kdUcCakarRbmUlpl karRKb;RKgpl karTukdak; nigkardaMduH .

RtwmRtUv .minRtwmRtUv .sNrT 24RKab;BUCmanKuNPaBx


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89

karkat;dMNaM .karykecjnUvedImPaKtic.

7 - esckIsegb

7>1 karRKb;RKg eRkayRbmUlpl

karRKb;RKgenAeRkayeBlRbmUlpl KWCakarRKb;RKgRsUvGgr cab;BIeBlRcUtkat;rhUtdl;eBlEdlplitplenHRtUv)aneRbIR)as; blk;enAelITIpSar . kicRbtibtinanaenAkgRbBnenHrYmman

-karRcUtkat; .-kare)akEbn .-karsMGat.-karhalsmt .-karTukdak; .-karkinRsUv .

7>

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
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Rice Postharvest Technology (E-learning manual)

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