Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
KÁTIA MEIRELLES FELIZOLA FREIRE1 & ALFREDO CARVALHO FILHO2
1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Oceanografia, Praia de Mãe Luíza S/N, Mãe Luíza, Natal-Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 59014-100. Email: [email protected] 2Fish Bizz Ltda., Rua Moncorvo Filho 51, São Paulo, Brazil, 05424-070. Email: [email protected]
Abstract. The richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes is high (7.2 names per species) and mostly so if the species are commercially important. The high richness of names for easily seen species such as reef fishes represents one of the Berlin’s attributes leading to the naming process of living things. The attribute ‘size’ was also tested and indicated that species of intermediate size receive more names than smaller or larger ones. These names have several origins, but come mainly from Latin or native languages (Tupi/Tupi-Guarani). Several categories of words are used in these names as core or modifiers: non-fish animals, morphology, plants, persons, color pattern, behavior, taste/smell, habitat/ecology, size, and locality/area. A list of unique common names is proposed for all 547 reef fish species found in Brazil based on the available array of names. We suggest these names are used whenever cited in a national context. Key words: common name, folk nomenclature, Berlin’s attributes Resumo. Riqueza de nomes comuns de peixes recifais brasileiros. A riqueza de nomes comuns de peixes recifais brasileiros é elevada (7,2 nomes por espécie), principalmente para espécies que são comercialmente importantes. A elevada riqueza de nomes de espécies facilmente visíveis como as de peixes recifais representa um dos atributos de Berlin que leva ao processo de atribuição de nomes às coisas vivas. O atributo ‘tamanho’ foi também testado e indicou que espécies de tamanho intermediário recebem mais nomes do que espécies menores ou maiores. Estes nomes têm várias origens, mas vêm principalmente do Latim ou de línguas nativas (Tupi/Tupi-Guarani). Muitas categorias de palavras são usadas nestes nomes, como núcleo ou como modificadores: outro animal que não peixe, morfologia, planta, pessoa, padrão de cor, comportamento, sabor/cheiro, habitat/ecologia, tamanho e localidade/área. Uma lista de nomes comuns únicos é proposta para todas as 547 espécies de peixes recifais encontradas no Brasil baseada nos nomes disponíveis. Sugerimos que esses nomes sejam usados sempre que forem citados em um contexto nacional. Palavras-Chave: nome comum, nomenclatura popular, atributos de Berlin
Introduction
The first main effort to standardize scientific names of living beings according to the binomial nomenclature introduced by Linneaus goes back to 1842 with the production of the Strickland Code (Minelli 1999). Since then several documents were produced, culminating, for animals, with the fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 2000. This represents an attempt to decrease the incidence of synonymy (two or more names for the same species) and homonymy (same name for more than one species). For fishes, the main effort to update scientific nomenclature is by
William N. Eschmeyer in his three volumes published in 1998, which have been continuously updated online (Eschmeyer 2008).
Even though the scientific nomenclature is intended to facilitate communication among different cultures and languages, it is almost restricted to the academic realm. Common names are used by local communities, commercial and recreational fishers, divers, in restaurants, by aquarists, in fisheries statistics, and in legislation, in some cases in association with the corresponding scientific names, but most of the times as a standing alone identification. These different groups may use
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
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different common names that also reflect local culture. This poses some problems when dealing with species at a national level.
North America recognized the importance of dealing with standard common names a long time ago, and published the first list of standardized English names of fishes for that region in 1948. Since then, there has been a continuous effort on this matter, culminating with the sixth edition of common and scientific names of North American fishes, extending the coverage to include species occurring in Mexican waters (Nelson et al. 2004). Similar effort was undertaken in Portugal, leading to a list of common and scientific names for aquatic organisms found in Portuguese waters (Sanches 1989). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has also put some effort into the standardization of common names of commercial species around the world in its three official languages (English, French and Spanish) (Garibaldi & Busilacchi 2002).
Brazil is well known for its cultural diversity and this is also reflected in the richness of common names of fishes. This richness called the attention of William A. Gosline in the 1940s (Gerald R. Smith, Univ. Michigan, Museum of Zoology, MI, USA, pers. comm.) and has been constantly cited in several sources (see, e.g.,Welcomme et al. 1979). It was not until Freire & Pauly (2003) that a quantification for this richness was made available in a national scale, indicating that in average six names are used for each marine fish species in Brazil, with a maximum of 31 names used for one species. Homonymy is also common. Freire (2006) also found a high richness of common names for freshwater fish species in Brazil (three common names per species, based on a smaller database of names), with a maximum of 30 names for one species. There has been no known initiative to standardize the common names of Brazilian fishes using the variety available.
The growing concern with biodiversity loss and the effect of anthropogenic activities on biodiversity stress the importance of assessing taxonomic adequacy (Vecchione et al. 2000). The bad effect of the misidentification associated with common names recorded in national fishery statistics should also not be underestimated (Freire & Pauly 2005). This work presents an assessment of the richness of common names for reef and reef-associated fish species, and will provide an initial list of unique common names for these species. Hopefully this initiative will trigger a more comprehensive movement towards the use of similar process for all other fish species in Brazil.
Materials and Methods All names compiled in the database
(NAMEDAT) presented here originate from 43 local lists of common names of fishes extending from the state of Pará to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and for more than 50 years (from 1953 to 2004): FAO (1953), Barcellos (1962), Brandão (1964), Ihering (1968), Eskinazi-Leça (1967), Mutti Pedreira (1971), Anon. (1976), SUDENE (1976), Carvalho & Branco (1977), CEPA-MA (1978), Figueiredo (1977), Figueiredo & Menezes (1978), Lima & Oliveira (1978), Rosa (1980), Menezes & Figueiredo (1980), Figueiredo & Menezes (1980), Chao et al. (1982), Paiva (1981), Santos (1982), Nomura (1984), Menezes & Figueiredo (1985), Suzuki (1986), Godoy (1987), Martins-Juras (1987), Soares (1988), Begossi (1989), Lopes (1989), Begossi & Figueiredo (1995), Ferreira et al. (1998), Santos et al. (1998), Carvalho-Filho (1999), Ferreira (1999), Rocha & Costa (1999), CEPENE (2000), Figueiredo & Menezes (2000), Szpilman (2000), Ferreira & Cava (2001), Ávila da Silva & Carneiro (2003), Ramires & Barrella (2003), UNIVALI/CTTMar (2004), Sampaio & Nottingham (2008), Mário Barletta (pers. comm., Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil), and Cláudio Sampaio (pers. comm., Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil). This database is based on an extension of a previous work by the first author for marine and estuarine fishes in Brazil (Freire & Pauly 2005) that currently includes a total of 4,649 common names referring to 734 marine and estuarine species (63%) of a total of 1,168 listed in FishBase, a global electronic encyclopedia of fishes (Froese & Pauly 2008).
A total of 547 reef or reef-associated fish species (here after referred only as ‘reef species’) are recorded to date in Brazilian waters. Within the context of this study, reef is defined as any and all formation built-up of consolidated bottoms, of organic or inorganic origin, and which top is no deeper than 30 m from the surface in the lowest tide known for that geographic area. For the fish fauna named as “reef fish”, the ecological niche also includes the sandy and/or rubble bottom immediately adjacent to a distance of 20 m from the ecotone. Thus, any fish species that uses the reef or its adjacencies for any activity, including shelter, feeding, reproduction, growth, cleaning or passage, is considered as reef fish.
The richness of common names for all reef species was calculated in terms of synonyms (number of common names for each species). An indication of the degree in which one fish species shares the same name (homonyms) was also given.
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For comparison purposes, this analysis was performed for all reef or reef-associated fish species and compared with other fish species.
The analysis of the common names included origin of names, descriptors used in the core of the name and as first and second modifiers, relation to commercial importance and size. The origin of the names was defined based on Tibiriçá (1984), Bueno (1998), Ferreira (1999), and Cunha (2001). Information on habitat, fish size, and English common name was obtained from FishBase (Froese & Pauly 2008) and local commercial importance from Carvalho-Filho (1999), Szpilman (2000), FISHTEC (2003), Espírito Santo (2005), Gasparini et al. (2005), and SEAP/PROZEE/IBAMA (2006). Commercial importance was defined based on the interest for food consumption and/or for aquarists. Catch data were obtained from an extension of the database compiled by Freire (2003), based on national bulletins, and represent an average for the period from 1995 to 2000.
For the standardization of common names, a unique name was chosen using an initial list of species with only one name available. Then, we dealt first with species having increasingly higher richness of common names, i.e., with species with only 2 common names, 3, 4, and so on. Emphasis was given in the first stage to species of commercial importance, which would contribute to improvement in the recording system of catch statistics. In cases where names were not available, they were borrowed from the list of Portuguese names assembled by Sanches (1989), translated from other languages to Portuguese, or created based on the criteria used for existing names. We also made use of criteria defined in Robins et al. (1991) for North American fishes (updated in Nelson et al. 2004). Preference was given to simple and descriptive names. Names tied to scientific names, the ones that include the word ‘common’, and names that honour people or were offensive were avoided. The spelling available in the most widely used Portuguese dictionary in Brazil – Aurélio (Ferreira 1999) was used. Two additional criteria were used: no inclusion of hyphens (to avoid different spellings) and capitalization of the first letter of the common name. Names that have been cited in more publications and used in more Brazilian states were given priority. Finally, the diversity of origin languages was kept as much as possible, including native and African languages.
Results
Quantifying the richness of the common names. No common name was found for 175 out of
the 547 fish species recognized as reef or reef-associated. It is worth pointing out that about 41% of those were not associated with any English name, according to FishBase. Many of the unamed species were criptic (76 out of 117 criptic species) or nocturnal (6 out of 10).
The degree of synonymy among reef species was very high, with 7.2 names per species in average (excluding those unnamed species). This degree will probably get higher the more sources of names are used in the database. Reef species had a higher degree of synonymy as evidenced by a higher number of species with more names and lesser number of species with only one name (Fig. 1). For criptic species, the degree of synonymy was much lower: 2.8 names per species in average. One has to consider that these mean values actually represent minimum averages of names’ richness, as they will probably increase the more sources are incorporated in the names’ database.
Figure 1. Nomenclatural richness of Brazilian marine fishes (reef and other non-reef species): a) frequency of scientific species that have one to forty-six common names (synonymy); b) frequency of common names that correspond to one to twenty scientific species (homonymy).
Three species presented 30 or more common
names: Opisthonema oglinum (38), Carangoides crysos (34), and Bathygobius soporator (30). Details on the complexity of names (and synonymy) are presented for one species, C. crysos (Fig. 2). Note that some of these names are only different spellings of the same word: garujuba, guarajuba, and
020406080
100120140
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Number of common names
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a)
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garajuba; guaraçu and guaracu; guaraçuma, guarassuma, and guaraxuma; and xarelete, xalerete, xerelete, xererete, and xereleté. Nine of these common names were associated with records in fishery statistics (according with the database compiled by Freire, 2003): garajuba, graçainha, guaricema, guaracema, xaréu, taguara, xerelete,
xixarro, and solteira (Fig. 2). Twenty-five of them were not associated with any catch record. Sixteen out of the 34 names were related to no other species than C. crysos: cavaca, chumberga, garajuba preta, garujuba, guaraçu, guaracu, guarainha, guaraxuma, xalerete, graçainha, taguara, xaréu dourado, xaréu pequeno, xererete, xereleté, and xumberga.
Figure 2. Portuguese common names associated with Carangoides crysos in Brazil. Names associated with catch records are presented in the top-right. Mean annual catches (only for years with positive record) for commercial names are presented in parentheses (tonnes).The number of additional species associated with each common name is presented in brackets. The number of common names associated with each species (besides the ones shown) is presented in braces. Gray boxes indicate common names not related to any species other than C. crysos.
Origin of the common names. The highest
number of common names used to describe Brazilian reef or reef-associated fishes come from Latin (37%), followed by Tupi/Tupi-Guarani (30%), and Brazilianism (15%) (Table I). Brazilianism is defined as ‘word created by Brazilians’ (Ferreira 1999). Spanish, Greek, Arabic, and African together represent 15% of all names. Native languages correspond to 1% of all names and may include Tupi/Tupi-Guarani. However, the sources used did not indicate the specific language. One should consider that there are about 187 living native languages in Brazil, some of them spoken by only a dozen of people (SIL International, 2008). The influence of African languages in this field is very low compared to other fields.
Table I. Origin of the common names of reef Brazilian fishes. Origin Count % Latin 898 37 Tupi/Tupi-Guarani 717 30 Brazilianism 329 14 Spanish 121 5 Greek 114 5 Arabic 79 3 African 48 2 Native 29 1 Others 84 3 Total 2419 100
Descriptors used for the names. Names of Brazilian fishes are formed by a single word or by a
Carangoides crysos {34}
Carapau [11]Cavaca [0]
Cavaco [1]
Guaracema (289) [2]
Guaracu [0]
Chumberga [0]
Garajuba (1854) [4]
Guaraçu [0]
Guaraçuma [1]
Guarainha [0]
Guarajuba [3]
Garujuba [0]
Garajuba preta [0]
Graçainha (2) [0]
Xaréu (3195) [4]
Solteira (85) [5]
Taguara (9) [0]
Xaréu amarelo [1]
Manezinho [1]
Guaraxuma [0]
Guaricema (802) [3]
Xaréu pequeno [0]
Xereleté [0]
Xaréu dourado [0]
Xaréu xixá [1]
Guarassuma [1]
Xerelete (1992) [2]
Xaréu branco [4]
Xalerete [0]
Xarelete [3]
Xixarro pintado [1]
Xixarro (2860) [7]
Xererete [0]
Xumberga [0]
Commercial namesNon-commercial names
Oligoplites saurus {15}
Caranx latus {16}
Caranx hippos {21}
Caranx lugubris {7}
Carangoides ruber {3}
Chloroscombrus chrysurus {16}
Decapterus macarellus {11}
Decapterus punctatus {7}
Eucinostomus gula {13}
Selar crumenophthalmus {10}
Thyrsitops lepidopoides {4}
Trachurus lathami {6}
Alectis ciliaris {23}
Pseudocaranx dentex {2}
Carangoides bartholomaei {3}
Aspistor luniscutis {36}
Oligoplites saliens {11}
Oligoplites saurus {15}
Parona signata {14}
Trachinotus carolinus {19}
Trachinotus marginatus {2}
Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus {7}
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composite of up to four words. The first word (or core) represents mainly primary lexemes, followed by non-fish animal, morphology, plant, person
(generic), color pattern, behavior, and person (specific) (Fig. 3). Taste/smell, habitat/ecology, size, and locality/area are not commonly used as core.
Figure 3. Relative frequency of each descriptor used in the core, modifier 1 and modifier 2 for reef and reef-associated Brazilian fishes.
Effect of commercial importance and
size. Species of commercial interest had an average of 8.2 common names per species and non-commercial species had a lower synonymy rate (4.6). Figure 4 indicated that species of no commercial interest were usually small and had less than 15 names per species (with Bathygobius soporator being an exception, with 30 common names). Species of commercial interest were larger and had a wider range of names. Many species had more than 15 names, with a maximum of 38 names
for Opisthonema oglinum. It is interesting to point out that very large species had few names resulting in an asymmetry in the relationship between degree of synonymy and size. A total of 68% of the species with no common name for which size information was available were smaller than 0.20 m. Only seven species with no name were larger than 1 m: Callechelys bilinearis, Channomuraena vittata, Himantura schmardae, Mobula japonica, Mobula tarapacana, Mobula thurstoni, and Muraena melanotis.
Figure 4. Relationship between the number of common names and the maximum size of each reef species. Closed diamonds indicate species of no commercial interest and open squares indicate commercial species (food or aquarium trade). Note that one non-commercial species 20 m long (with three common names) was removed from the graph to better represent the remaining species (Rhincodon typus) .
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Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
101
A total of 87 species included in this database are in the ornamental trade. These species were associated to a mean number of 4.8 common names, which was smaller than the average of
7.2 for reef species in general. These species were mainly smaller than 1 m and those species with no common name were very small (6-10 cm; Fig. 5).
Figure 5: Relationship between the number of common names and the maximum size of each reef fish species for ornamental trade.
Standardization of common names. Only
seven species of Brazilian reef fishes had a unique common name that refers to no other species in the database compiled here (Table II). The remaining species had more than one common name or shared the same name with other species. To overcome this confusion, a list
was created containing all names linked to each species and a unique common name was proposed for each one of the 547 reef species occurring in Brazil (Table III). These unique names indicate that only one common name was used for each species and that name was not shared with any other species.
Table II. List of reef species presenting one unique common name in Brazil, based in the sources presented here and included on NAMEDAT.
Species Portuguese name English name Carcharhinus signatus Cação noturno Night shark Conger triporiceps Congro dentão Manytooth conger Dactyloscopus tridigittatus Tanduju mirim Sand stargazer Entomacrodus vomerinus Macaco pérola ― Haemulon chrysargyreum Cocoroca boquinha Smallmouth grunt Muraena retifera Moréia de roseta Reticulate moray Negaprion brevirostris Cação limão Lemon shark
Discussion
The degree of synonymy was high among reef species in Brazil. This corroborates one of the Berlin’s principles: species that are more visible (such as reef species) are more prone to be named (Berlin 1992). However, several reef species had no name, which indicates that not only the habitat, associated to the ease of access, is important in the naming process. Other factors also play a role and are discussed below.
Commercial importance has been stated as one of the Berlin’s attributes leading to the
naming process of plants and animals (Berlin 1992). It is related to the utilitarian concept defended by Hunn (1982), and was demonstrated for Philippines fishes by Palomares & Pauly (1999) and for Brazilian marine fishes by Freire & Pauly (2005). We analyzed the influence of the commercial importance on the richness of common names of reef fish species occurring in Brazil and found that the degree of synonymy is much higher for commercialspecies (8.2 names per species) than for non-commercial species (4.6).
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FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
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Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
103
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Ran
gel &
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Sam
paio
, per
s. co
mm
.***
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. M
od. f
rom
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m S
uzuk
i (19
86)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o Fi
lho
& F
reire
, pe
rs. c
omm
.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Ven
tosa
esm
eral
da
Lim
pa v
idro
de
noro
nha
Rai
a ch
ita
Mur
iong
o am
arel
o
Juru
na m
irim
Juru
na a
çú
Xar
éu b
ranc
o
Tuba
rão
rapo
sa c
omum
Pira
pira
nga
Gud
unho
serr
ilhad
o
Gud
unho
com
um
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Aje
ru,
Aju
ru,
Arr
aia
mor
cego
, A
rrai
a pi
ntad
a, C
ação
anj
o, N
arin
ari,
Papa
gaio
, Pin
tada
, Rai
a ch
ita, R
aia
leop
ardo
, Rai
a pi
ntad
a
Engu
ia, M
oréi
a, M
urio
ngo
Uba
rana
, Uba
rana
foci
nho
de ra
to
Álb
ula,
Ara
baia
na b
oca
de ra
to, B
icud
o, F
ocin
ho d
e ra
to, J
urum
a, Ju
runa
,O
bara
na, O
bara
na fo
cinh
o de
rato
, Oba
rana
rato
, Par
ati m
ico,
Pei
xe ra
to,
Rat
ão,
Rob
alo
da p
edra
, Tu
bara
na,
Uba
rana
, U
bara
na b
oca
de r
ato,
Uba
rana
do
norte
, U
bara
na f
ocin
ho d
e ra
to,
Uba
rana
miri
m,
Uba
rana
rato
, Uba
rana
roliç
a, U
ruba
iana
boc
a de
rato
Aba
cata
ia,
Aba
catin
a, A
baca
tuai
a, A
baca
tuia
, A
baca
túxi
a, A
bacu
taia
,A
leto
, A
raca
guira
, A
raca
mbé
, A
raca
ngui
ra,
Ara
cang
üira
, A
rang
uira
,G
alo,
Gal
o ba
ndei
ra,
Gal
o de
cap
acho
, G
alo
do a
lto,
Gal
o fit
a, G
alo
plum
a, G
alo
rabu
do, P
eixe
gal
o, P
eixe
gal
o do
Bra
sil,
Xar
éu b
ande
ira,
Xar
éu b
ranc
o, X
aréu
pen
acho
Caç
ão m
acac
o, C
ação
pen
a, C
ação
rap
osa,
Rab
ilong
o, R
abud
o, R
apos
a,Tu
barã
o ra
posa
Aru
çape
ba,
Bad
ejo,
Cer
igad
o ve
rmel
ho,
Gar
açap
é, G
arou
pa,
Gar
oupa
gato
, G
arou
pa r
ajad
a, G
ato,
Pei
xe g
ato,
Pira
pira
nga,
Pirá
pira
nga,
Pira
pira
nga,
Ruç
apeb
a, S
apa,
Sap
á, S
apé,
Sap
é pi
ntad
o, S
apê
pint
ado,
Serig
ado
verm
elho
, Sul
alep
a, S
ulap
eba
Peix
e po
rco
Can
gulo
, Cân
gulo
, Can
gulo
com
um, G
udun
ho, P
eixe
por
co, P
eixe
rat
o,Pe
rua,
Pirá
acá
SPEC
IES
Acyr
tops
ber
yllin
a
Acyr
tus p
auci
radi
atus
Aeto
batu
s nar
inar
i
Ahlia
egm
ontis
Albu
la n
emop
tera
Albu
la v
ulpe
s
Alec
tis c
iliar
is
Alop
ias v
ulpi
nus
Alph
este
s afe
r
Alut
erus
heu
delo
tii
Alut
erus
mon
ocer
os
Nº
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
104
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o Fi
lho
& F
reire
, pe
rs. c
omm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fr
om
Nom
ura
(198
4)us
ing
Fish
Bas
e C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Beg
ossi
& F
igue
iredo
(199
5)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Avi
la d
a Si
lva
& C
arne
iro(2
003)
Mod
. Fer
reira
& C
ava
(200
1)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Sam
paio
&
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Gud
unho
gal
hudo
Can
gulo
pav
ão
Pino
s
Paca
mão
boc
on
Mor
éia
lobo
Peix
e ca
chim
bo il
héu
Man
juba
cub
ana
Man
juba
de
fita
Man
juba
boc
a de
rato
Man
juba
bra
nca
Man
juba
de
Igua
pe
Avô
do
pira
mbu
Sarg
o ve
rdad
eiro
Sale
ma
Peix
e sa
po d
e re
cife
Peix
e pe
scad
or
risca
do
Can
ário
do
mar
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Peix
e po
rco,
Pei
xe l
ixa,
Pei
xe r
ato,
Per
oá p
ena,
Por
co l
ixa,
Raq
uet
lara
nja
Can
gulo
de
arei
a, C
angu
lo p
avão
, Can
gulo
vel
ho, P
eixe
por
co, P
eixe
rato
, Raq
uete
list
rado
Pe
ixe
gavi
ão, P
inos
, Sar
ampi
nho
Cuí
ca, M
aman
gá li
so, P
acam
ão, P
acam
on, P
eixe
sapo
, Puc
umã
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Man
juba
Man
juba
Ench
ovet
a, M
anju
ba, M
anju
ba b
oca
de ra
to
Ench
ova,
Enc
hove
ta, I
rico,
Man
juba
, Man
juba
bra
nca,
Tun
gão
Don
do
n,
Man
juba
, M
anju
ba
de
Igua
pe,
Man
jubi
nha,
Sa
rdin
ha,
Sard
inha
selv
agem
Avô
do
pira
mbú
, Fum
eiro
Bei
çudo
, Pe
ram
bu,
Pira
mbu
, Pi
ram
bú,
Sale
ma,
Sal
ema
açu,
Sal
go,
Sal g
o de
bei
ço, S
argo
, Sar
go b
eiçu
do, S
argo
de
beiç
o, Z
umbi
Fe
rrug
em,
Frad
e, M
erca
dor,
Par
de l
eme,
Sal
ema,
Sal
ema
bran
ca,
Sale
ma
de fr
eio,
Sam
buar
i, Se
lum
ixira
A
niqu
im, A
nten
ariu
s, Pe
ixe
sapo
Ant
enar
ius,
Gua
perv
a, P
eixe
pes
cado
r, Pe
ixe
pesc
ador
ris
cado
, Pei
xesa
po
Ant
ias d
e Sã
o Pe
dro
e Sã
o Pa
ulo
SPEC
IES
Alut
erus
scho
epfii
Alut
erus
scri
ptus
Ambl
ycir
rhitu
s pin
os
Amph
icht
hys
cryp
toce
ntru
s An
arch
ias s
imili
s
Anar
chop
teru
s tec
tus
Anch
oa c
uban
a
Anch
oa fi
lifer
a
Anch
oa ly
olep
is
Anch
oa tr
icol
or
Anch
ovie
lla
lepi
dent
osto
le
Anis
otre
mus
mor
ican
di
Anis
otre
mus
su
rina
men
sis
Anis
otre
mus
vir
gini
cus
Ante
nnar
ius
mul
tioce
llatu
s An
tenn
ariu
s str
iatu
s
Anth
ias s
alm
opun
ctat
us
Nº
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
105
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. B
egos
si &
Fig
ueire
do
(199
5)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Sanc
hes (
1989
)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Bar
letta
(200
2)*
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Li
ma
& O
livei
ra (1
978)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Totó
ver
mel
ho
Totó
rosa
Totó
leop
oldi
na
Totó
dou
rado
Totó
list
rado
Sarg
o de
den
te
Can
hanh
a
Con
gro
das b
alea
res
Con
grin
ho o
lhão
Bai
acu
de e
stre
la
Totó
pin
tadi
nho
Totó
de
conc
ha
Pom
boca
Papa
bob
a
Man
juba
ver
de
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Apo
gon,
Apo
gon
bras
ileiro
, Car
deal
fogo
, Olh
ão, T
otó
verm
elho
NEN
HU
M
Apo
gon,
Apo
gon
de d
uas m
anch
as, G
ordi
nho,
Leo
pold
ina,
Tot
ó
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Sarg
ento
, Sar
go, S
argo
de
dent
e, S
argo
do
mar
, Sor
go
Cai
canh
a,
Can
hanh
a,
Car
anha
, Fr
ade,
G
uatu
cupa
juba
, M
erca
dor,
Sale
ma,
Sal
ema
bran
ca, S
alem
a da
ped
ra, S
alem
a fe
itice
ira, S
ambu
io,
Sam
bulh
o,
Sarg
o,
Sarg
o de
de
nte,
C
houp
a,
C
anha
nda,
Fr
ade,
Mer
cado
r, G
uatu
cupa
-Jub
a N
ENH
UM
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Apo
gon
bang
ai
NEN
HU
M
Ani
quim
, Bac
alha
u, M
ira c
éu, M
iracé
u, P
ombo
ca, T
andu
ju
Mam
arre
is, P
apa
boba
Cha
ruto
, Joã
o du
ro, M
amar
reis
, Man
juba
, Man
juba
ver
de, P
apa
boba
,Pe
ixe
rei,
Peix
e re
is, P
iaba
dur
a, P
iqui
tinga
, Piti
tinga
, Var
apau
SPEC
IES
Apog
on a
mer
ican
us
Apog
on p
lani
fron
s
Apog
on p
seud
omac
ulat
us
Apog
on q
uadr
isqu
amat
us
Apog
on ro
bbyi
Arch
osar
gus
prob
atoc
epha
lus
Arch
osar
gus
rhom
boid
alis
Ario
som
a ba
lear
icum
Ario
som
a op
isto
phth
alm
us
Arot
hron
firm
amen
tum
Astr
apog
on p
unct
icul
atus
Astr
apog
on st
ella
tus
Astr
osco
pus y
-gra
ecum
Athe
rine
lla b
lack
burn
i
Athe
rine
lla b
rasi
liens
is
Nº
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
106
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an
(200
0)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. Sz
pilm
an (2
000)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Ran
gel &
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. M
od. f
rom
Lim
a &
O
livei
ra (1
978)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
B
egos
si &
Fig
ueire
do
(199
5)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Mam
arre
is c
abeç
uda
Cor
neta
Bon
ito c
acho
rro
Peix
e po
rco
verd
adei
ro
Can
gulo
rei
Ven
tosa
bar
buda
Miro
ró p
aulis
ta
Am
oré
baia
no
Am
oré
de b
uzo
Bud
ião
oceâ
nico
Bud
ião
fogu
eira
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Mam
arre
is
Peix
e tro
mbe
ta, P
eixe
trom
pete
Bon
ito, B
onito
cac
horr
o, C
aval
a
Aca
rá
fuso
, A
cará
m
ocó,
A
cara
muç
u,
Aca
rapi
cu,
Aca
rapu
cu,
Can
gulo
, Can
gulo
bra
nco,
Can
gulo
da
pare
de, C
angu
lo d
e Fe
rnan
do,
Can
gulo
pa
po
amar
elo,
C
angu
rro,
C
apad
o,
Cap
ão,
Fant
asm
a,M
arac
ugua
ra, P
eixe
por
co, P
eroá
, Per
oatin
ga, P
erua
, Per
uá, P
irá a
cá,
Pira
aca,
Piru
á, P
orco
, Por
quin
ho
Can
gulo
, Can
gulo
do
alto
, Can
gulo
fer
nand
e, C
angu
lo p
apo
amar
elo,
Can
gulo
rea
l, C
angu
lo r
ei,
Can
gulo
ver
dade
iro,
Can
gurr
o, C
apad
o,C
apão
, Gat
ilho
rain
ha, L
írio,
Pei
xe g
atilh
o, P
eixe
por
co, P
eroá
, Per
uá,
Piru
á, V
etul
a
Peix
e ve
ntos
a, P
rega
dor
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Aim
oré,
Am
boré
, Am
borê
, Am
oré,
Am
orê,
Am
oré
guaç
u, A
mor
eia,
Am
oréi
a, A
ram
aré,
Bab
osa,
Can
dung
a, C
undu
da,
Embo
rê,
Flor
ete,
Imbo
rê, M
acac
o, M
aiuí
ra, M
aria
da
toca
, Mor
é, M
oré
de b
uzo,
Mor
éga
roup
a, M
oré
pret
o, M
orei
a, M
oréi
a, M
ucur
ungo
, Muç
urun
go, M
uré,
Mus
suru
ngo,
Pei
xe c
apim
, Pei
xe fl
or, P
eixe
mac
aco,
Taj
acic
a
Bod
ião,
Bod
ião
oceâ
nico
Bod
ião,
Bod
ião
do f
undo
, B
odiã
o ve
rmel
ho,
Bud
ião,
Bud
ião
arar
a,B
udiã
o ba
tata
, B
udiã
o br
anco
, B
udiã
o ve
rmel
ho,
Bud
ião
fogu
eira
,G
udiã
o, P
apag
aio,
Pitu
beiro
, Pul
chel
us
SPEC
IES
Athe
rino
mor
us st
ipes
Aulo
stom
us st
rigo
sus
Auxi
s roc
hei
Balis
tes c
apri
scus
Balis
tes v
etul
a
Barb
ulife
r ceu
thoe
cus
Basc
anic
hthy
s pau
lens
is
Bath
ygob
ius m
ysta
cium
Bath
ygob
ius s
opor
ator
Bodi
anus
insu
lari
s
Bodi
anus
pul
chel
lus
Nº
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
107
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Mod
. fro
m F
ishB
ase
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m S
oare
s (19
88)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m S
uzuk
i (19
86)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
from
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Fish
Bas
e***
*
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Bud
ião
papa
gaio
ve
rdad
eiro
Coc
oroc
a sa
rgo
Ling
uadi
nho
pavã
o
Solh
a m
anch
ada
Ling
uado
arc
o íri
s
Solh
a du
as p
inta
s
Bró
tula
bar
buda
Peix
e ca
chim
bo d
e na
riz c
urto
Pe
na sa
lgo
Peix
e pe
na o
lhão
Peix
e pe
na b
rasi
leiro
Peix
e pe
na b
ranc
o
Peix
e pe
na a
mar
elo
Miro
ró d
e du
as li
stra
s
Dra
gãoz
inho
Can
gulo
das
índi
as
Porq
uinh
o pi
ntad
o
Can
gulo
de
pedr
a
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Big
odei
ro, B
odiã
o, B
odiã
o az
ul, B
odiã
o ju
dite
, Bod
ião
papa
gaio
, Bud
ião,
B
udiã
o ba
tata
, Bud
ião
papa
gaio
, Bud
ião
rufu
s, G
udiã
o, P
apag
aio,
Pa
ratu
caro
, Pre
tuca
no, R
ufus
Coc
oroc
a sa
rgo,
Cor
coro
ca,
Cor
coro
ca s
argo
, Pe
ixe
pedr
a, R
onca
dor,
Sarg
o, S
argo
de
beiç
o Li
ngua
dinh
o pa
vão,
Lin
guad
o, L
ingu
ado
ocel
ado,
Sol
ha, T
apa
NEN
HU
M
Ara
maç
á, A
ram
açã,
Lin
guad
inho
oce
lado
, Lin
guad
o, L
ingu
ado
arco
-íris
,M
ara ç
apeb
a, S
ôia,
Sol
ha, T
apa
Ling
uado
, Sol
ha
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e ca
chim
bo
Parg
o pe
na, P
ena
salg
o
Peix
e pe
na, S
algo
Parg
o pe
na, P
eixe
pen
a
Car
atin
ga,
Pam
po p
ena,
Par
go,
Parg
o pe
na,
Peix
e pe
na,
Pena
, Pe
nabr
anco
Pa
rgo
pena
, Pei
xe p
ena,
Pen
a
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e pa
u, D
ragã
ozin
ho
NEN
HU
M
Can
gulo
, Mac
roce
rus,
Peix
e po
rco,
Pei
xe p
orco
de
pint
as b
ranc
as, P
orco
pint
ado,
Por
quin
ho p
inta
do
Can
gulh
o ve
lho,
Can
gulo
, Can
gulo
bas
tard
o, C
angu
lo d
a pe
dra,
Can
gulo
de p
edra
, Can
gulo
Fer
nand
o, C
angu
lo p
avão
, Pei
xe p
o rco
, Pei
xe p
orco
de
pint
as la
ranj
as, P
orco
pin
tado
, Pul
lus
SPEC
IES
Bodi
anus
rufu
s
Bori
dia
gros
side
ns
Both
us lu
natu
s
Both
us m
acul
iferu
s
Both
us o
cella
tus
Both
us ro
bins
i
Brot
ula
barb
ata
Bryx
dun
cker
i
Cal
amus
baj
onad
o
Cal
amus
cal
amus
Cal
amus
mu
Cal
amus
pen
na
Cal
amus
pen
natu
la
Cal
lech
elys
bili
near
is
Cal
liony
mus
bai
rdi
Can
ther
hine
s dum
erili
Can
ther
hine
s m
acro
ceru
s C
anth
erhi
nes p
ullu
s
Nº
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
108
T
able
III.
List
of a
ll co
mm
on n
ames
ass
ocia
ted
with
Bra
zilia
n re
ef fi
sh sp
ecie
s and
thei
r uni
que
nam
e ch
osen
acc
ordi
ng to
the
sour
ce p
rese
nted
(con
t.).
SOU
RC
E
Fish
Bas
e
Sam
paio
, per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Can
gulo
oce
ânic
o pi
ntad
o
Pero
á do
alto
Bai
acu
de re
cife
miri
m
Miro
ró il
héu
Xar
elet
e am
arel
o
Car
apau
ver
dade
iro
Xar
elet
e az
ul
Xar
éu v
erda
deiro
Gua
raju
ba
Xar
éu p
reto
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e po
rco,
Per
oá d
o al
to
Bai
acu,
Bai
acu
de re
cife
, Can
tigas
ter
NEN
HU
M
Car
apau
, G
araj
uba,
Gua
raiú
ba,
Gua
raju
ba,
Xar
elet
e am
arel
o, X
arel
ete
azul
, Xar
éu, X
aréu
am
arel
o, X
erel
ete
amar
elo
Car
apau
, C
avac
a, C
avac
o, C
hum
berg
a, G
araç
uma,
Gar
ajub
a, G
araj
uba
pret
a, G
aruj
uba,
Gra
çain
ha, G
uara
cem
a, G
uara
cu, G
uara
çu, G
uara
çum
a,G
uara
inha
, Gua
raju
ba, G
uara
ssum
a, G
uara
xum
a, G
uaric
ema,
Man
ezin
ho,
Solte
ira,
Tagu
ara,
Xal
eret
e, X
arel
ete,
Xar
éu,
Xar
éu a
mar
elo,
Xar
éubr
anco
, Xar
éu d
oura
do, X
aréu
peq
ueno
, Xar
éu x
ixá,
Xer
elet
e, X
erel
eté,
Xer
eret
e, X
ixar
ro, X
ixar
ro p
inta
do, X
umbe
rga
Alg
odão
, C
arap
au,
Gar
ajub
a, G
uaric
ema,
Gua
ricem
a br
anca
, X
arel
ete
azul
A
raci
mbo
ra,
Cab
eçud
o,
Car
ango
, C
áran
x,
Car
imba
mba
, C
aval
a,C
orim
bam
ba,
Dur
ão,
Gua
race
ma,
Gua
raci
mbo
ra,
Gua
ricem
a, G
uiar
á,G
uiar
u, M
anez
inho
, O
lhud
o, P
apat
erra
, X
arel
ete,
Xar
éu,
Xar
éu b
ranc
o,X
aréu
cab
eçud
o, X
aréu
pre
to,
Xar
éu r
onca
dor,
Xar
éu v
aque
iro,
Xar
éuve
rdad
eiro
, Xar
so, X
erel
ete,
Xer
éu, X
exém
Ara
chim
bóia
, A
raci
mbo
ra,
Ara
xim
bora
, C
a rap
au,
Car
axim
bora
,G
arac
imbo
ra,
Gar
axim
bora
, G
raça
im,
Gra
çarim
, G
uara
cem
a,G
uara
cim
bora
, G
uara
iúba
, G
uara
juba
, G
uara
mbá
, G
uara
ssum
a,G
uara
xim
bora
, G
uaric
ema,
Olh
udo,
Xar
elet
e, X
aréu
, X
aréu
gra
çarim
,X
aréu
olh
udo,
Xar
éu p
reto
, Xar
éu x
aral
ete,
Xar
éu x
ixá,
Xer
elet
e, X
ixar
ro
Ferr
eiro
, Fum
eiro
, Par
go f
erre
iro, X
arel
ete,
Xar
éu b
ranc
o, X
aréu
cab
eça
pret
a, X
aréu
pre
to, X
eréu
pre
to
SPEC
IES
Can
thid
erm
is m
acul
ata
Can
thid
erm
is su
fflam
en
Can
thig
aste
r fig
ueir
edoi
Car
alop
hia
loxo
chila
Car
ango
ides
ba
rtho
lom
aei
Car
ango
ides
cry
sos
Car
ango
ides
rube
r
Car
anx
hipp
os
Car
anx
latu
s
Car
anx
lugu
bris
Nº
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
109
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
. SO
UR
CE
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an
(200
0)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m L
ima
&
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E Sa
rapó
de
pepi
no
Caç
ão d
e fo
cinh
o pr
eto
Gal
ha p
reta
Lom
bo p
reto
Caç
ão d
o al
to
Cab
eça
chat
a
Serr
a ga
roup
a
Gal
ha b
ranc
a
Olh
o br
anco
Caç
ão n
otur
no
Man
gona
Bat
ata
da p
edra
Rob
alo
bran
co
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Sa
rapó
, Tira
faca
Caç
ão,
Caç
ão l
ombo
pre
to,
Cor
ta g
arou
pa,
Lom
bo p
reto
, C
ação
de
foci
nho
pret
o, C
ação
flam
engo
, Mar
rach
o
Caç
ão, C
ação
agu
lha
pret
a, C
ação
gal
ha p
reta
, Gal
ha p
reta
, Mac
hote
,Se
rra
garo
upa,
Suc
uri d
e po
nta
petra
Caç
ão,
Caç
ão d
e ci
ma
d'ág
ua,
Caç
ão l
ombo
pre
to,
Caç
ão s
eda,
Foci
nhud
o, L
ombo
pre
to, N
egrin
ho, T
ubar
ão d
e lo
mbo
pre
to
Caç
ão b
aia,
Caç
ão d
o al
to, C
ação
de
fora
, Tub
arão
do
alto
, Tub
arão
dos G
aláp
agos
, Cab
eça
de c
esto
Cab
eça
chat
a, C
ação
, C
ação
bai
acu,
Caç
ão b
ranc
o, C
ação
de
rio,
Caç
ão d
o ra
so,
Caç
ão f
idal
go,
Caç
ão f
lam
engo
, Pi
rara
ra,
Sicu
ribr
anco
, Tub
arão
, Tub
arão
de
água
doc
e, T
ubar
ão to
uro
Caç
ão,
Caç
ão d
e fu
ndo,
Caç
ão d
o fu
ndo,
Caç
ão g
alha
pre
ta,
Caç
ãope
ru,
Caç
ão p
onta
pre
ta,
Caç
ão s
icur
i, C
orta
gar
oupa
, G
alha
pre
ta,
Mac
hote
, Ser
ra g
arou
pa, S
icur
i, Si
curi
de g
alha
pre
ta, S
icur
i de
pont
apr
eta,
Suc
uri d
a ga
lha
pret
a, T
ubar
ão g
alha
pre
ta
Estra
ngei
ro, G
alha
bra
nca
Bic
o fin
o, C
abeç
a ch
ata,
Caç
ão, C
ação
da
pedr
a, C
ação
cor
alin
o, O
lho
bran
co, T
ubar
ão c
arib
enho
, Tub
arão
dos
cor
ais,
Tuba
rão
dos r
ecife
s
Caç
ão n
otur
no
Caç
ão d
a ar
eia,
Caç
ão d
e ar
eia,
Caç
ão g
alhu
do, C
ação
mac
ho, C
ação
mag
onga
, Caç
oa, M
agon
ga
Bat
ata,
Bat
ata
da p
edra
, Mic
hola
, Pei
xe b
atat
a
Cam
orim
ca
bo
de
mac
hado
, C
amor
im
espo
ra,
Cam
orim
pe
ba,
Cam
orim
so
vela
, C
amur
i, C
amur
im,
Cam
urim
br
anco
, C
amur
imso
vela
, C
amur
ipeb
a, R
obal
ete,
Rob
alito
, R
obal
o, R
obal
o co
rcun
da,
Rob
alo
espo
ra, R
obal
o ga
lhud
o
SPEC
IES
Car
apus
ber
mud
ensi
s
Car
char
hinu
s acr
onot
us
Car
char
hinu
s bre
vipi
nna
Car
char
hinu
s fal
cifo
rmis
Car
char
hinu
s ga
lapa
gens
is
Car
char
hinu
s leu
cas
Car
char
hinu
s lim
batu
s
Car
char
hinu
s lon
gim
anus
Car
char
hinu
s per
ezi
Car
char
hinu
s sig
natu
s
Car
char
ias t
auru
s
Cau
lola
tilus
chr
ysop
s
Cen
trop
omus
ens
iferu
s
Nº
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
110
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Rob
alo
de e
scam
a gr
ande
Rob
alo
peba
Rob
alo
verd
adei
ro
Anj
o do
rso
de fo
go
Pira
úna
Peix
e lo
mbr
iga
listra
do
Enxa
da
Bor
bole
ta o
cela
do
Bor
bole
ta n
amor
ada
Bor
bole
ta li
stra
da
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Rob
alo
Cam
bria
çu,
Cam
buria
peva
, C
amor
im
corc
unda
, C
amor
im
peba
,C
amor
im p
ena,
Cam
orim
tapa
, Cam
uri,
Cam
urim
, Cam
urim
am
arel
o,C
amur
im a
puá,
Cam
urim
bra
nco,
Cam
urim
cor
cund
a, C
amur
im p
eva,
Cam
urip
eba,
C
amur
upeb
a,
Can
goro
peba
, C
angu
rupe
ba,
Rob
alo,
Rob
alo
peba
, Rob
alo
peva
B
icud
o, C
ambr
iaçu
, C
ambu
riaçu
, C
amor
im,
Cam
orim
açu
, C
amur
i,C
amur
im,
Cam
urim
açu
, C
amur
im a
çú,
Cam
urim
bra
nco,
Cam
urim
cabo
de
m
acha
do,
Cam
urim
pr
eto,
C
amur
impe
ma,
C
amur
ipeb
a,C
amur
ipem
a, C
ango
rope
ba, C
anju
rupe
ba, E
scal
ho, R
obal
ão, R
obal
o,R
obal
o bi
cudo
, R
obal
o br
anco
, R
obal
o ca
mur
im,
Rob
alo
de g
alha
,R
obal
o es
toqu
e, R
obal
o fle
cha,
Rob
alo
flexa
, Rol
ão
Cen
tropi
ge, C
entro
pige
dor
so d
e fo
go
Car
aúna
, C
atoá
, C
atuá
, G
arou
pa,
Gar
oupa
chi
ta,
Gar
oupa
dia
man
te,
Gar
oupa
pin
tada
da
Bah
ia, G
arou
pinh
a, G
arou
pinh
a ve
rmel
ha, J
abu,
Jabú
, Pira
una,
Pira
úna,
Pra
úna
NEN
HU
M
Enxa
da,
Paru
, Pa
rú,
Paru
bra
nco,
Par
ú en
xada
, Pa
ru j
anda
ia,
Paru
pret
o, P
arum
, Pa
rum
bra
nco,
Par
um e
nxad
a, P
arum
raj
ado,
Pei
xeen
xada
, Tar
eira
Bei
ja
moç
a,
Bic
udin
ha,
Bic
udo,
B
orbo
leta
, B
orbo
leta
am
arel
o,B
orbo
leta
oc
elad
o,
Cac
o de
pr
ato,
Ja
ndai
a,
Nam
orad
o,
Paru
mam
arel
o, P
arum
bic
udo,
Sab
eré,
Viu
vinh
a
Bic
udo,
Bor
bole
ta, B
orbo
leta
dos
reci
fes,
Bor
bole
ta n
amor
ada,
Moc
a,N
amor
ado
bicu
do, S
eden
tariu
s B
eijo
de
m
oça,
B
oca
de
moç
a,
Bor
bole
ta,
Bor
bole
ta
listra
da,
Bor
bole
ta
listra
do,
Car
apia
çaba
, C
asta
nhol
a,
Frei
re,
Paru
, Pa
rum
ulat
o, P
arum
, Pei
xe b
orbo
leta
, Que
bra
prat
o, S
triat
us, T
inhu
na fr
ade
SPEC
IES
Cen
trop
omus
mex
ican
us
Cen
trop
omus
par
alle
lus
Cen
trop
omus
un
deci
mal
is
Cen
trop
yge
aura
ntan
ota
Cep
halo
phol
is fu
lva
Cer
dale
fasc
iata
Cha
etod
ipte
rus f
abe r
Cha
etod
on o
cella
tus
Cha
etod
on se
dent
ariu
s
Cha
etod
on st
riat
us
Nº
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
111
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. Sa
mpa
io &
Not
tingh
am
(200
8)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Fish
Bas
e
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an
(200
0 )
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Fish
Bas
e
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Car
amur
u m
alha
de
jibói
a
Voa
dor d
e fe
rnan
do
Voa
dor d
e as
a lis
trada
Voa
dor p
reto
Bai
acu
espi
nho
ante
nado
Bai
acu
espi
nho
rend
ado
Bai
acu
espi
nho
pint
ado
Bai
acu
espi
nho
com
um
Con
gro
miri
m
Palo
mbe
ta
Don
zela
de
rabo
am
arel
o
Don
zela
cob
alto
Don
zela
juba
una
Mul
ata
Don
zela
roxa
Ling
uado
de
arei
a co
stei
ro
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Car
amur
u m
alha
de
jibói
a
Peix
e vo
ador
, Voa
dor,
Voa
dor d
e fe
rnan
do, V
oado
r hol
andê
s
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e vo
ador
, Pi
rabe
be,
Tain
hota
, Ta
inho
ta v
oade
ira,
Voa
dor,
Voa
dor c
ascu
do, V
oado
r do
alto
B
aiac
u es
pinh
o, B
aiac
u es
pinh
o an
tena
do
Bai
acu
de e
spin
ho, b
aiac
u es
pinh
o re
ndad
o
Bai
acu
de e
spin
ho
NEN
HU
M
Cob
rinha
, Con
gro
miri
m
Arr
iba
saia
, C
aico
, Car
acax
á, C
arap
au, F
avin
ha, F
avol
eta,
Fol
ha,
Folh
a de
man
gue,
Gar
apau
, Ju
va,
Juvá
, Pa
lom
beta
, Pa
lom
eta,
Pilo
mbe
ta, P
olom
beta
, Sai
a rô
ta, V
ento
lest
e
NEN
HU
M
Don
zela
, Don
zela
rabo
am
arel
o
NEN
HU
M
Chr
omis
, Cro
mis
, Cro
mis
teso
ura,
Don
zela
, Don
zela
mar
rom
NEN
HU
M
Ling
uado
, Sol
ha
SPEC
IES
Cha
nnom
urae
na v
ittat
a
Che
ilopo
gon
cyan
opte
rus
Che
ilopo
gon
exsi
liens
Che
ilopo
gon
mel
anur
us
Chi
lom
ycte
rus a
nten
natu
s
Chi
lom
ycte
rus a
ntill
arum
Chi
lom
ycte
rus r
etic
ulat
us
Chi
lom
ycte
rus s
pino
sus
Chi
lorh
inus
suen
soni
i
Chl
oros
com
brus
ch
rysu
rus
Chr
omis
enc
hrys
ura
Chr
omis
flav
icau
da
Chr
omis
juba
una
Chr
omis
mul
tilin
eata
Chr
omis
scot
ti
Cith
aric
hthy
s are
nace
us
Nº
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
112
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
U
niva
li (2
004)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Ran
gel,
pers
. com
m.
Ran
gel,
pers
. com
m.
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Ran
gel,
pers
. com
m.
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Ran
gel &
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
pe
rs. c
omm
. M
od. f
rom
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(1
978)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Ling
uado
onç
a
Bud
ião
fant
asm
a
Con
gro
pret
o
Con
gro
dent
ão
Olh
o de
vid
ro
Talh
ão
Dou
rado
pal
ombe
ta
Dou
rado
Am
oré
dois
pon
tos
Am
oré
pálid
o
Am
oré
vidr
o
Am
oré
pint
ado
Peix
e ca
chim
bo d
e fo
cinh
o br
anco
Pe
riqui
to
Am
oré
de g
arça
Am
oré
vírg
ula
Am
oré
rond
om
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Ling
uado
Cle
ptic
us b
rasi
leiro
, Bud
ião
fant
asm
a, P
eixe
fant
asm
a
Cob
ra d
o m
ar, C
ôngr
io, C
ongr
o, C
ongr
o pr
eto,
Con
gro
verd
adei
ro,
Engu
ia
Con
gro
dent
ão
Cas
sum
ba d
e m
ero,
Olh
o de
boi
, O
lho
de c
ão,
Olh
o de
vid
ro,
Pira
nem
a do
fund
o M
ariq
uita
vov
ó, O
lho
de v
idro
, Tal
hão,
Vov
ó
Dou
rado
, Dou
rado
de
Sant
o A
ntôn
io, D
oura
do p
alom
beta
Dal
finho
, D
oura
do,
Dou
rado
de
al
to
mar
, D
oura
do
do
mar
,G
raça
pé,
Gra
ssap
é,
Gua
raça
pé,
Gua
raça
pem
a,
Mac
aco,
Pe
ixe
tábu
a , S
apé
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Gob
i de
arei
a, G
obi d
e vi
dro,
Gob
ião
de fr
eio,
Mar
ia d
a to
ca
NEN
HU
M
Cac
him
bo, P
eixe
cac
him
bo, P
eixe
cac
him
bo d
e fo
cinh
o br
anco
Bat
ata,
Bod
ião
bata
ta, B
udiã
o
Mar
ia d
a to
ca, R
ondo
m, A
mor
é de
gar
ça
NEN
HU
M
Am
oré,
Ron
dom
SPEC
IES
Cith
aric
hthy
s mac
rops
Cle
ptic
us b
rasi
liens
is
Con
ger o
rbig
nyan
us
Con
ger t
ripo
rice
ps
Coo
keol
us ja
poni
cus
Cor
nige
r spi
nosu
s
Cor
ypha
ena
equi
selis
Cor
ypha
ena
hipp
urus
Cor
ypho
pter
us d
icru
s
Cor
ypho
pter
us e
idol
on
Cor
ypho
pter
us
glau
cofr
aenu
m
Cor
ypho
pter
us th
rix
Cos
moc
ampu
s alb
iros
tris
Cry
ptot
omus
rose
us
Cte
nogo
bius
bol
eoso
ma
Cte
nogo
bius
saep
epal
lens
Cte
nogo
bius
stig
mat
icus
Nº
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
113
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
. SO
UR
CE
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Fish
Bas
e
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Ciê
ncia
Hoj
e G
omes
et a
l. (2
000)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io,
pers
. com
m.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E Li
ngua
do p
inta
do
Ling
uado
de
nada
deira
pi
ntad
a V
oado
r hol
andê
s C
oió
Mira
céu
de o
lho
gran
de
Mira
céu
mal
hado
Mira
céu
de a
reia
Aie
reba
Rai
a pr
ego
de c
auda
ás
pera
R
aia
bran
ca
Rai
a m
ante
iga
lisa
Rai
a m
ariq
uita
Chi
char
ro a
lam
arim
Chi
char
ro p
inta
do
Chi
char
ro ro
liço
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Li
ngua
do, L
ingu
ado
mex
ican
o, L
ingu
ado
pint
ado,
Rod
oval
ho
Ling
uado
, Tap
a
Voa
dor h
olan
dês
Cab
ra
bode
, C
ajal
eó,
Caj
aléu
, C
oió,
Fa
lso
voad
or,
Peix
evo
ador
, Pira
bebe
, Pira
pebe
be, V
oado
r, V
oado
r cas
cudo
, Voa
dor
coió
, V
oado
r da
s pe
dras
, V
oado
r de
fun
do,
Voa
dor
de p
edra
,V
oado
r de
pedr
as, V
oado
r San
to A
ntôn
io
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Tand
uju
miri
m
Arr
aia,
Rai
a, R
aia
crav
ador
a, R
aia
lixa,
Rai
a m
ante
iga,
Rai
apr
ego,
A
iere
ba,
Arr
aia
bran
ca,
Arr
aia
de
prat
o,
Arr
aia
Aire
ba, A
rrai
a, A
rrai
a pr
ego,
Rai
a, R
aia
man
teig
a, R
aia
preg
o
Arr
aia,
Arr
aia
bico
de
rem
o, A
rrai
a bi
cuda
, A
rrai
a br
anca
,A
rrai
a lix
a, J
abeb
iretê
, Ja
bire
tê,
Rai
a, R
aia
bran
ca,
Rai
a lix
a,R
aia
lixo,
Rai
a pr
ego
NEN
HU
M
Arr
aia
de p
rato
, Rai
a m
ariq
uita
Car
apau
, C
aval
inha
, C
aval
inha
de
reis
, C
aval
inha
do
reis
,C
hich
arro
, C
hich
arro
ala
mar
im,
Chi
char
ro c
alab
ar,
Chi
char
roca
vala
, G
arap
au,
Xix
arro
, X
ixar
ro b
ranc
o, X
ixar
ro c
alab
ar,
Xix
arro
cav
ala
Car
apau
, C
hich
arro
, C
hich
arro
br
anco
, C
hich
arro
de
ol
hogr
ande
, Chi
char
ro p
inta
do, P
eixe
rei
, Xix
arro
, Xix
arro
bra
nco,
Xix
arro
de
olho
gra
nde,
Xix
arro
pin
tado
X
ixar
ro ro
liço
SPEC
IES
Cyc
lops
etta
chi
ttend
eni
Cyc
lops
etta
fim
bria
ta
Cyp
selu
rus c
omat
us
Dac
tylo
pter
us v
olita
ns
Dac
tylo
scop
us c
ross
otus
Dac
tylo
scop
us fo
ram
inos
us
Dac
tylo
scop
us tr
idig
ittat
us
Das
yatis
am
eric
ana
Das
yatis
cen
trou
ra
Das
yatis
gut
tata
Das
yatis
hip
ostig
ma
Das
yatis
mar
iana
e
Dec
apte
rus m
acar
ellu
s
Dec
apte
rus p
unct
atus
Dec
apte
rus t
abl
Nº
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
114
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Sam
paio
, per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Bar
letta
(200
2)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m F
erre
ira
(199
9)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Fish
Bas
e
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Min
istro
Pira
nem
a pi
ntad
a
Car
apeb
a br
anca
Car
atin
gaitê
Bai
acu
espi
nho
m
anch
ado
Bai
acu
grav
iola
Mic
hole
de
arei
a an
ão
Mic
hole
de
arei
a lis
trado
Mic
hole
aip
im
Rai
a el
étric
a pi
ntad
a
Mar
imbá
Folh
a ve
rde
Mar
iqui
ta d
e pe
nach
o
Pega
dor l
istra
do
Mor
éia
zebr
a
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Min
istro
Gar
oupa
gos
tosa
, G
osto
sa,
Pira
nem
a, P
irane
ma
pint
ado,
Sap
é da
pedr
a C
arap
eba,
Car
apeb
a br
anca
, Car
apev
a, C
arap
icu,
Car
atin
ga, P
eixe
prat
a, T
inga
A
cara
peba
, A
cara
peva
, C
arap
eba,
Car
apeb
a br
anca
, C
arap
eva,
Car
atin
ga, C
arat
inga
itê, P
eixe
pra
ta
Bai
acu,
B
aiac
u de
es
pinh
o,
Bai
cu
espi
nho,
B
aiac
u es
pinh
om
anch
ado ,
Pei
xe o
uriç
o B
aiac
u de
esp
inho
, B
aiac
u es
pinh
o pi
ntal
gado
, B
aiac
u gr
avio
la,
Gra
viol
a , P
eixe
our
iço
Jacu
ndá,
Mic
hole
da
arei
a
Can
guito
, Jac
undá
, Mar
garid
a, M
icho
le, M
icho
le d
a ar
eia,
Mic
hole
de a
reia
, M
icho
le d
e ar
eia
listra
do,
Mic
hóli,
Mix
ole,
Mix
ole
daar
eia,
Mix
ole
de a
reia
Jacu
ndá,
Mar
garid
a, M
icho
le, M
ichó
le, M
icho
le d
a ar
eia,
Mic
hole
de a
reia
, Mic
hole
de
arei
a co
stei
ro, M
ixol
e, M
ixol
e da
ped
ra, P
apa
terr
a, P
eixe
aip
im
NEN
HU
M
Chi
nelã
o, M
aím
bá,
Mar
ia c
hine
lo,
Mar
imbá
, M
arim
bá c
hine
lo,
Mar
imba
u, P
argo
bra
nco,
Pin
ta n
o ca
bo, S
argo
B
udiã
o, G
udiã
o, F
olha
ver
de, P
eixe
dra
gão,
Sab
onet
e an
ão
Jacu
ndá,
Mar
iqui
ta, M
ariq
uita
de
pena
cho,
Vov
ó
Aga
rrad
or, P
egad
or, P
eixe
peg
ador
, Pei
xe p
iolh
o, P
iolh
o, P
iolh
o de
caçã
o, P
iolh
o de
tub
arão
, Pi
raqu
iba,
Rêm
ora,
Rêm
ora
de l
istra
Cam
ufla
da,
Car
amur
u de
lis
tra,
Mor
éia,
Mor
éia
lista
da,
Mor
éia
zebr
a
SPEC
IES
Dec
odon
pue
llari
s
Der
mat
olep
is in
erm
is
Dia
pter
us a
urat
us
Dia
pter
us rh
ombe
us
Dio
don
holo
cant
hus
Dio
don
hyst
rix
Dip
lect
rum
biv
ittat
um
Dip
lect
rum
form
osum
Dip
lect
rum
radi
ale
Dip
loba
tis p
icta
Dip
lodu
s arg
ente
us
Dor
aton
otus
meg
alep
is
Dul
es a
urig
a
Eche
neis
nau
crat
es
Echi
dna
cate
nata
Nº
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
115
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
. SO
UR
CE
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
R
ange
l, pe
rs. c
omm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E M
iroró
leop
ardo
Miro
ró sa
ram
po
Am
oré
neon
Neó
n de
trin
dade
N
eón
de N
oron
ha
Ara
baia
na a
zul
Uba
rana
Mac
aqui
nho
do
casc
alho
M
acaq
uinh
o ba
ndei
ra
Mac
aqui
nho
cabe
ça
pret
a C
hich
arro
ver
mel
ho
Mor
éia
víbo
ra
Mor
éia
vina
gre
Mor
éia
cach
orro
Mac
aqui
nho
para
ti
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
C
obra
pin
tada
, Con
gro,
Eng
uia,
Miro
ró, M
oréi
a
NEN
HU
M
Néo
n, N
eon
goby
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Ara
baia
na,
Ara
baia
na a
zul,
Ara
baia
na n
orte
, Cam
isa
de m
eia,
Enxo
va, G
uaxu
m, G
uaxu
mba
, Olh
ete,
Pei
xe re
i, X
ixar
ro sa
lmão
A
lbar
ana,
Bar
ana,
Bar
anda
, O
bara
na,
Oiá
, R
obal
o da
ped
ra,
Tiju
bara
na,
Tuba
rana
, U
bara
ma,
U
bara
na,
Uba
rana
aç
u,U
bara
na c
abo
de m
acha
do,
Uba
rana
çu,
Uru
baia
na,
Uru
baia
napa
u, U
ruba
iana
ver
dade
ira, U
ruba
rana
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Cab
eça
pret
a, M
acaq
uinh
o
NEN
HU
M
Car
amur
u ca
chor
ro,
Car
amur
u de
de
nte,
M
oréi
a,
Mor
éia
cach
orro
, Mor
éia
de d
ente
Car
amur
u
cach
orro
, C
aram
uru
pret
o,
Car
amur
u vi
nagr
e,M
oréi
a, M
oréi
a ca
chor
ro, M
oréi
a ne
gra,
Mor
éia
vam
piro
C
aram
uru
cach
orro
, C
aram
uru
de
dent
e,
Car
amur
u pr
eto,
Car
amur
u vi
nagr
e, M
oréi
a, M
oréi
a ne
gra,
Mor
éia
cach
orro
,M
oréi
a va
mpi
ro, M
oréi
a vi
nagr
e
NEN
HU
M
SPEC
IES
Echi
opsi
s int
ertin
ctus
Echi
ophi
s pun
ctife
r El
acat
inus
figa
ro
Elac
atin
us p
ridi
si
Elac
atin
us p
hthr
ipop
hagu
s
Elag
atis
bip
innu
lata
Elop
s sau
rus
Embl
emar
ia a
ustr
alis
Embl
emar
iops
is
occi
dent
alis
Embl
emar
iops
is si
gnife
ra
Emm
elic
hthy
s rub
er
Ench
elyc
ore
anat
ina
Ench
elyc
ore
cary
chro
a
Ench
elyc
ore
nigr
ican
s
Enne
anec
tes a
ltive
lis
Nº
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
116
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
& F
reire
, pe
rs. c
omm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Cep
ene
(200
0)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Mac
aqui
nho
dos
pene
dos
Mac
aco
péro
la
Gar
oupa
gat
o
Che
rne
galh
a am
arel
a
Mer
o ve
rdad
eiro
Gar
oupa
ver
dade
ira
Gar
oupa
São
Tom
é
Che
rne
listra
do
Che
rne
quei
mad
o
Che
rne
clar
o
Bilr
o lis
trado
Bilr
o pi
ntad
o
Car
apic
u pe
na
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Mac
aco
péro
la
Bad
ejo,
Bad
ejo
pint
ado,
Gar
oupa
chi
ta,
Gar
oupa
gat
o, G
arou
papi
ntad
a, G
ato,
Mer
o ga
to, P
eixe
gat
o, P
iragi
ca, P
irapi
rang
a C
hern
e, C
hern
e am
arel
o, C
hern
e cl
aro,
Che
rne
galh
a am
arel
a
Can
apu,
Can
apú,
Can
apu
guaç
u, C
anap
ugua
çu,
Cun
apu
guaç
u,M
eret
e, M
ero,
Mer
o ca
napu
, Mer
o ca
napu
m, M
ero
pret
o, M
erot
e,M
irete
, Ner
o G
alin
ha d
o m
ar,
Gar
oupa
, G
arou
pa b
arrig
a am
arel
a, G
arou
pacr
ioul
a, G
arou
pa p
reta
, Gar
oupa
ver
dade
ira, P
iracu
ca
Gar
oupa
, G
arou
pa b
icha
da,
Gar
oupa
de
São
Tom
é, G
arou
pa d
ese
gund
a,
Gar
oupa
Sã
o To
mé,
G
arou
pa
verd
adei
ra,
Gar
oupa
verm
elha
, Gar
oupa
ver
mel
ha d
e ab
rolh
os, G
arou
pa v
erm
elha
dos
Abr
olho
s, Pi
ragi
a
Che
rne
escu
ro, C
hern
e lis
trado
, Pira
roba
Che
rne,
Che
rne
negr
o, C
hern
e qu
eim
ado,
Che
rnet
e, C
hern
ote,
Gar
oupa
, M
ero,
Mer
o ne
gro,
Mer
o pr
eto,
Pira
roba
, Se
rigad
oh Bad
ejo
bran
co, C
erig
ado
cher
ne, C
erig
ado
tapo
ã, C
hern
a, C
hern
apr
eta,
Che
rna
pret
o, C
hern
e, C
hern
e cl
aro,
Che
rne
pint
ado,
Che
rne
tapo
an,
Che
rne
verd
adei
ro,
Che
rnet
e, C
hern
ote,
Gar
oupa
, M
ero
pret
o, S
erig
ado
cher
ne, S
erig
ado
tapo
an, X
erne
B
acal
hau,
B
ilro,
C
abeç
a de
co
co,
Cav
alei
ro
de
band
olei
ra,
Eque
tos,
Mar
ia n
agô,
Mar
ia n
egra
B
acal
hau
Car
apeb
a, C
arap
icu,
Car
apic
ú, C
arap
icu
pena
, C
arap
ipia
cuaç
u,Es
criv
ão
SPEC
IES
Enne
anec
tes s
mith
i
Ento
mac
rodu
s vom
erin
us
Epin
ephe
lus a
dsce
nsio
nis
Epin
ephe
lus f
lavo
limba
tus
Epin
ephe
lus i
taja
ra
Epin
ephe
lus m
argi
natu
s
Epin
ephe
lus m
orio
Epin
ephe
lus m
ysta
cinu
s
Epin
ephe
lus n
igri
tus
Epin
ephe
lus n
ivea
tus
Eque
tus l
ance
olat
us
Eque
tus p
unct
atus
Euci
nost
omus
arg
ente
us
Nº
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
117
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Ferr
eira
(199
9)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m S
oare
s (19
88)
Bar
letta
(200
2)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Bra
ndão
(196
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Car
apic
u br
anco
Car
apic
u aç
u
Car
apic
u m
anch
ado
Car
apic
u ba
ndei
ra
Car
atin
ga v
ivóc
a
Bon
ito p
inta
do
Voa
dor v
erda
deiro
Cac
him
bau
verm
elho
Cac
him
bau
azul
Tuba
rão
tigre
Bag
re u
rutu
Car
apic
u lis
trado
Mira
céu
seta
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Aca
rapi
cu, C
acun
do, C
arap
au, C
arap
eba,
Car
apic
u, C
arap
icu
açu,
Car
apic
u br
anco
, C
arap
icu
sem
den
te,
Car
apic
upeb
a, C
arap
im,
Car
ataí
, Esc
rivão
, Prim
itum
a, R
isca
dor
Car
apic
u aç
u
Car
apic
u, C
arap
im
Cac
undo
, C
arap
eba,
Car
apic
u, C
arap
icu
açu,
Car
apic
u br
anco
,Es
criv
ão, R
isca
dor
Aca
rá
tinga
, C
arap
eba,
C
arap
eba
bran
ca,
Car
apeb
a de
lis
ta,
Car
apeb
a de
lis
tra, C
arap
eba
lista
da, C
arap
eba
listra
da, C
arap
eba
raja
da,
Car
apev
a, C
arap
itang
a, C
arap
iting
a, C
arat
inga
, C
arat
inga
ió
Alb
acor
a, B
onito
, Bon
ito c
acho
rro,
Bon
ito p
inta
do, B
onito
raj
ado,
Cur
uatá
pin
ima,
Mer
ma
Caj
aleo
, C
ajal
eó,
Coi
ó, H
olan
dês,
Peix
e vo
ador
, Pi
rabe
be,
Sant
oA
ntôn
io,
Tain
hota
, V
oado
r, V
oado
r ca
scud
o, V
oado
r de
ped
ra,
Voa
dor d
o fu
ndo,
Voa
dor v
erda
deiro
A
gulh
ão tr
ombe
ta, T
imbá
li, T
rom
beta
Agu
lhão
tro
mbe
ta,
Agu
lhet
a, C
achi
mba
u, C
achi
mbo
, C
atim
bau,
Peix
e ca
chim
bo,
Peix
e co
rnet
a,
Peix
e tro
mbe
ta,
Petim
bo,
Petim
buab
a, T
rom
beta
, Tro
mbe
ta p
inta
da
Caç
ão, C
ação
cab
eça
chat
a, C
ação
jagu
ara,
Caç
ão ja
guar
á, C
ação
tigre
, C
ação
tin
ture
iro,
Gat
a, G
atin
ha,
Jagu
ara,
Jag
uará
, Ti
gre,
Tint
urei
ra, T
intu
reiro
, Tub
arão
tigr
e, T
ubar
ão ti
ntur
eira
B
agre
, B
agre
am
arel
o, B
agre
bra
nco,
Bag
re c
uria
çu,
Bag
re d
em
anta
, B
agre
do
Nat
al,
Bag
re g
uri,
Bag
re g
uria
çu,
Bag
re g
uru,
Bag
re l
eilã
o, B
agre
man
di,
Bag
re m
andi
m,
Bag
re p
arar
ê, B
agre
urut
u, B
agre
vel
udo,
Bei
çudo
, Cab
eçot
e, G
uria
çu, P
arer
é C
arap
eba,
Car
apic
u aç
ú
NEN
HU
M
SPEC
IES
Euci
nost
omus
gul
a
Euci
nost
omus
har
engu
lus
Euci
nost
omus
lefr
oyi
Euci
nost
omus
m
elan
opte
rus
Euge
rres
bra
silia
nus
Euth
ynnu
s alle
tera
tus
Exoc
oetu
s vol
itans
Fist
ular
ia p
etim
ba
Fist
ular
ia ta
baca
ria
Gal
eoce
rdo
cuvi
er
Gen
iden
s gen
iden
s
Ger
res c
iner
eus
Gill
ellu
s gre
yae
Nº
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
118
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
. SO
UR
CE
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E C
ação
lixa
Am
oré
de m
anch
a do
urad
a Pe
ixe
vent
osa
de b
igod
e
Peix
e ve
ntos
a pi
ntad
o
Am
oré
zebr
a
Am
oré
miri
m
Am
oré
de d
orso
pál
ido
Ban
deira
esp
anho
la
Cam
arol
ete
Ara
maç
á ze
bra
Mor
éia
verd
e
Mor
éia
bana
na
Mor
éia
pint
ada
Mor
éia
de a
reia
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
B
arro
so, C
ação
aru
mar
u, C
ação
lixa
, Lam
baru
, Lix
a, P
eixe
anj
o,
Tuba
rão
enfe
rmei
ra, T
ubar
ão li
xa, T
ubar
ão p
ajem
, Uru
mar
u, G
ata,
C
ação
-Aru
mar
u, U
rum
aru,
Uar
omar
u.
NEN
HU
M
Lim
pa v
idro
, Pei
xe v
ento
sa, P
rega
dor
NEN
HU
M
Am
boré
zeb
ra
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Ban
deira
esp
anho
la, J
abu
do fu
ndo
Gra
ma,
Cam
arol
ete
Ara
maç
ã, L
ingu
ado
zebr
a, S
olha
, Sol
ha z
ebra
Am
oréi
a ve
rde,
Cam
burú
mar
rom
, C
aram
uru,
Car
amur
u ve
rde,
Mor
éia,
Mor
éia
verd
e C
aram
uru
bana
na,
Car
amur
u bo
mbó
ia,
Car
amur
u do
urad
o,C
aram
uru
jibói
a, C
aram
uru
mul
ato,
Car
amur
u pi
nim
a, M
oréi
a,M
oréi
a am
arel
a, M
oréi
a ba
nana
, Mor
éia
de r
abo
amar
elo,
Mor
éia
dour
ada,
Mor
éia
rabo
dou
rado
A
imor
é, A
mor
éia
pint
ada,
Cam
burú
pin
tado
, Car
amur
u, C
aram
uru
pini
ma,
C
aram
uru
pint
ado,
En
guia
, M
iroró
, M
oréi
a,
Mor
éia
amer
ican
a,
Mor
éia
pint
ada,
M
oréi
a ve
rde,
M
oron
go,
Mor
oró,
Mus
sulin
a, M
utuc
a, M
utut
uca,
San
grad
or, T
oror
ó, T
otor
ó
Am
oréi
a, A
mor
epin
ima,
Car
amur
u, C
aram
uru
de a
reia
, Car
amur
upi
nim
a, M
iroró
, Mor
éia,
Mor
éia
amar
ela,
Mor
éia
de a
reia
, Mor
éia
de p
edra
, Mor
éia
ocel
ada,
Mor
éia
pint
ada,
Mut
uca,
Mut
utuc
a
SPEC
IES
Gin
glym
osto
ma
cir
ratu
m
Gna
thol
epis
thom
pson
i
Gob
ieso
x ba
rbat
ulus
Gob
ieso
x pu
nctu
latu
s
Gob
ioso
ma
hem
igym
num
Gob
ioso
ma
nudu
m
Gob
ulus
mye
rsi
Gon
iopl
ectr
us h
ispa
nus
Gra
mm
a br
asili
ensi
s
Gym
nach
irus
nud
us
Gym
noth
orax
fune
bris
Gym
noth
orax
mili
aris
Gym
noth
orax
mor
inga
Gym
noth
orax
oce
llatu
s
Nº
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
119
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Ferr
eira
& C
ava
(200
1)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Ferr
eira
& C
ava
(200
1)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Mor
éia
bom
bóia
Mor
éia
pret
a
Rai
a bo
rbol
eta
de
espi
nho
Rai
a bo
rbol
eta
lisa
Coc
oroc
a br
anca
Xira
dou
rada
Coc
oroc
a bo
quin
ha
Sapu
runa
pre
ta
Can
canh
e
Coc
oroc
a bo
ca v
elha
Xira
am
arel
a
Coc
oroc
a bo
ca la
rga
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Car
amur
u, C
aram
uru
mul
ato,
Car
amur
u pi
nim
a, M
oréi
a, M
oréi
aam
arel
a, M
oréi
a bo
ca p
reta
, Mor
éia
pret
a
Arr
aia,
Arr
aia
borb
olet
a, A
rrai
a m
ante
iga,
Arr
aia
para
ti, B
orbo
leta
,R
aia,
Rai
a am
arel
a, R
aia
borb
olet
a, R
aia
gere
rera
, Rai
a m
ante
iga
Arr
aia,
Arr
aia
baté
, A
rrai
a bo
rbol
eta,
Arr
aia
caã,
Arr
aia
com
um,
Arr
aia
man
teig
a, B
orbo
leta
, C
arap
iaça
va,
Rai
a bo
rbol
eta,
Rai
am
ante
iga,
Rai
a m
ariq
uita
, Rai
a ol
ho d
e ov
elha
, Rai
a ol
huda
A
rreb
enta
pan
ela,
Coc
oroc
a br
anca
, Cor
coro
ca, P
iram
bu
Cor
coro
ca,
Cot
inga
, Q
uatin
ga,
Sapu
runa
, Sa
puru
na b
ranc
a, X
ira,
Xira
bra
nca,
Xira
dou
rada
C
ocor
oca
boqu
inha
Sapu
rana
, Sa
pura
na d
e lis
ta,
Sapu
runa
pre
ta,
Supu
runa
de
listra
,X
irão
Biq
uara
, C
ambu
ba,
Can
can,
C
anca
nhe,
C
arra
pato
, C
ocor
oca,
Coc
oroc
a m
ulat
a,
Cor
coro
ca
mul
ata,
M
acas
sa,
Neg
ram
ina,
Pira
mbu
, Pira
mbú
, Xira
bra
nca
Abi
quar
a, B
iqua
ra,
Boc
a de
fog
o, B
oca
de v
elha
, C
ambu
ba,
Cap
iúm
a,
Cap
iúna
, C
ocor
oca,
C
ocor
oca
mul
ata,
C
orco
roca
,C
orco
roca
bo
ca
de
velh
a,
Cor
coro
ca
mul
ata,
C
oroc
oroc
a,C
oroc
oroc
a bo
ca d
e fo
go, C
oroc
oroc
a m
ulat
a, C
roco
roca
, Mac
aca,
Neg
ra m
ina,
Neg
ram
ina,
Pira
mbu
, Sap
urun
a, U
ribac
o, X
ira
Qua
tinga
am
arel
a, X
ira, X
ira a
mar
ela
Cam
buba
, C
arra
pato
, C
ocor
oca
boca
lar
ga,
Cor
coro
ca b
oca
defo
go,
Cor
coro
ca b
oca
larg
a, C
orco
roca
de
boca
lar
ga,
Cor
coro
c asa
rgo,
Far
ofa,
Mac
assa
, Mac
asso
, Qua
tinga
, Xirã
o
SPEC
IES
Gym
noth
orax
pol
ygon
ius
Gym
noth
orax
vic
inus
Gym
nura
alta
vela
Gym
nura
mic
rura
Hae
mul
on a
lbum
Hae
mul
on a
urol
inea
tum
Hae
mul
on
chr
ysar
gyre
um
Hae
mul
on m
elan
urum
Hae
mul
on p
arra
Hae
mul
on p
lum
ieri
Hae
mul
on sq
uam
ipin
na
Hae
mul
on st
eind
achn
eri
Nº
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
120
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Sazi
ma
et a
l. (in
pre
ss)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Bar
letta
(200
2)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Ano
n. (1
976)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Coc
oroc
a lis
trada
Bud
ião
de fu
ndo
Bud
ião
sabo
nete
Bud
ião
verd
e
Bud
ião
azul
Bud
ião
ocel
ado
Bud
ião
puxê
Bud
ião
bind
alo
Cac
uá d
o al
to
Sard
inha
lage
Sard
inha
cas
cuda
Ven
to le
ste
Agu
lha
azul
Agu
lha
pret
a
Engu
ia d
e ja
rdim
m
anch
ada
Engu
ia d
e ja
rdim
m
arro
m
Olh
o de
fogo
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Coc
oroc
a lis
trada
, Xira
Bud
ião
de F
undo
Bud
ião,
Gud
ião
verm
elho
, Pun
heta
, Sab
onet
e lis
trado
Bud
ião
azul
, Bud
ião
sipi
ca, B
udiã
o ve
rde,
Man
garu
eira
, Rad
iatu
s,Sa
bone
te b
rasi
leiro
Bud
ião
papa
gaio
, B
udiã
o az
ul,
Bod
ião
dour
ado,
C
iano
céfa
lo,
Min
istro
, Pei
xe re
i, Sa
bone
te c
ara
amar
ela
bras
ileiro
B
udiã
o, M
acul
ipin
a, M
anga
ruei
ra, S
abon
ete
ocel
ado
Bin
dalo
, Bod
ião,
Bod
ião
rei,
Bud
ião,
Bud
ião
puxê
, Bud
ião
verd
e,G
udiã
o, P
eixe
rei
, Po
ei,
Poei
ver
de,
Punh
eta,
Sab
onet
e ve
rde,
Ver
dugo
B
inda
lo, B
odiã
o bi
ndal
ó
NEN
HU
M
Sard
inha
, Sa
rdin
ha c
asca
dur
a, S
ardi
nha
casc
uda,
Sar
dinh
a la
ge,
Save
lha
Sard
inha
, Sar
dinh
a ca
scud
a, S
avel
ha c
ascu
da
Cab
eça
dura
, Cab
eçud
o, C
ara
de g
ato,
Cat
arro
, Pal
ombe
ta d
o al
to,
Ven
to le
ste ,
Ven
to le
ste
do v
erão
, Xix
arro
A
gulh
a, A
gulh
inha
, Pan
agua
iú
Agu
lha,
Agu
lha
crio
ula,
Agu
lha
pret
a, A
gulh
inha
, Fa
rnan
gaio
,Fa
rnan
galh
o, P
eixe
agu
lha,
Tar
anga
lho
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Impe
rado
r, O
lho
de c
ão, O
lho
de c
ão d
as p
edra
s, O
lho
de v
idro
,O
lho
de fo
go, P
irane
ma
SPEC
IES
Hae
mul
on st
riat
um
Hal
icho
eres
bat
hiph
illus
Hal
icho
eres
biv
ittat
us
Hal
icho
eres
br
asili
ensi
s
Hal
icho
eres
dim
idia
tus
Hal
icho
eres
pen
rose
i
Hal
icho
eres
poe
yi
Hal
icho
eres
radi
atus
Hal
ieut
icth
ys a
cule
atus
Har
engu
la c
lupe
ola
Har
engu
la ja
guan
a
Hem
icar
anx
ambl
yrhy
nchu
s H
emir
amph
us b
alao
Hem
iram
phus
b
rasi
liens
is
Het
eroc
onge
r ca
mel
opar
dalis
Het
eroc
onge
r lo
ngis
sim
us
Het
erop
riac
anth
us
crue
ntat
us
Nº
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
121
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. Sa
mpa
io &
Not
tingh
am
(200
8)B
rand
ão (1
964)
Car
valh
o &
Fre
ire, p
ers.
com
mSa
mpa
io &
Not
tingh
am
(200
8)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Fish
Bas
e
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Rai
a ra
spad
ora
Cav
alo
mar
inho
pin
tado
Cav
alo
mar
inho
miri
m
Cav
alo
mar
inho
de
foci
nho
long
oV
oado
r com
um
Peix
e sa
rgas
so
Peix
e an
jo ra
inha
Paru
fum
aça
Jagu
areç
á aç
ú
Tara
raca
Mac
aco
de c
hifr
e
Mac
aco
ostra
Agu
lha
fina
Agu
lha
bran
ca
Sara
mpi
nho
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Cav
alin
ho, C
aval
inho
do
mar
, Cav
alo
mar
inho
, Hip
ocam
po
NEN
HU
M
Cav
alin
ho,
Cav
alin
ho d
o m
ar,
Cav
alin
ho m
arin
ho,
Cav
alo
mar
inho
,C
aval
om
arin
hode
foci
nho
long
oH
olan
dês,
Peix
e vo
ador
, Voa
dor,
Voa
dor c
omum
, Voa
dor h
olan
des
Peix
e do
utor
, Pei
xe p
esca
dor,
Peix
e sa
rgaç
o
Anj
o ra
inha
, B
orbo
leta
, C
iliar
is,
Enxa
da,
Papu
, Pa
ru b
ranc
o, P
aru
raja
do,
Paru
m a
mar
elo,
Par
um d
oura
do,
Paru
m j
anda
ia,
Peix
e an
jo,
Peix
e an
jo ra
inha
, Pei
xe b
orbo
leta
En
xada
, Pa
ru d
e pe
dra,
Par
u fu
maç
a, P
aru
papa
gaio
, Pa
ru s
olda
do,
Paru
m
dour
ado,
Pa
rum
ja
ndai
a,
Peix
e bo
rbol
eta,
Pe
ixe
sold
ado,
Sold
ado,
Tam
buat
á, T
amua
tá, T
ricol
or, V
igár
io
Cac
haça
, Ja
guar
açá,
Ja
guar
eça,
Ja
guar
eçá,
Ja
guar
ica,
Ja
guar
iça,
Jagu
ariç
á, J
agua
ruça
, Jag
uaru
çá, J
agur
içá,
Joã
o ca
chaç
a, J
oão
guriç
á,Ju
guriç
á, M
ariq
uita
, Mar
iqui
ta o
lhão
, Olh
o de
vid
ro, R
ealit
o, T
arar
aca
Jagu
areç
á, J
agua
riçá,
Jag
uariç
á, J
agua
ruçá
, Jo
ão c
acha
ça,
Jugu
riçá,
Mar
iqui
ta,T
arar
aca
Mac
aco,
Mar
ia d
a to
ca
NEN
HU
M
Agu
lha,
Agu
lhin
ha, P
anag
uaiu
, Pan
agua
iú
Agu
lha,
A
gulh
a br
anca
, Fa
rnan
galh
o,
Pana
guai
ú,
Peix
e ag
ulha
,Ta
rang
alho
Mac
aqui
nho
pavã
o, S
aram
pinh
o
SPEC
IES
Him
antu
ra sc
hmar
dae
Hip
poca
mpu
s ere
ctus
Hip
poca
mpu
s pa
tago
nicu
s H
ippo
cam
pus r
eidi
Hir
undi
chth
ys a
ffini
s
His
trio
his
trio
Hol
acan
thus
cili
aris
Hol
acan
thus
tric
olor
Hol
ocen
trus
a
dsce
nsio
nis
Hol
ocen
trus
rufu
s
Hyp
leur
ochi
lus
fissi
corn
is
Hyp
leur
ochi
lus
pseu
doae
quip
inni
s H
ypor
ham
phus
robe
rti
Hyp
orha
mph
us
unifa
scia
tus
Hyp
sobl
enni
us
inve
mar
Nº
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
122
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Mod
. fro
m M
enez
es &
Fi
guei
redo
(198
5)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
oare
s (19
88)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Sant
os (1
982)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Engu
ia b
icud
a
Chi
char
ro li
stra
do
Agu
lhão
vel
a
Fals
a m
oréi
a m
arro
m
Pira
jica
amar
elad
a
Pira
jica
pret
a
Mar
ia d
a to
ca c
ricot
a
Mar
ia d
a to
ca o
lhão
Mar
ia d
a to
ca g
arriã
o
Bud
ião
porc
o
Bai
acu
caix
ão p
inta
do
Bai
acu
caix
ão b
úfal
o
Gua
mai
acu
apé
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Agu
lhão
, A
gulh
ão b
ande
ira,
Agu
lhão
de
vela
, A
gulh
ão v
ela,
Bac
ho,
Bas
ho,
Bic
udo,
Es
padi
m
azul
, G
uebo
, G
uebu
cu,
Gue
buçu
, Gue
buçú
, Sai
lfish
NEN
HU
M
Pijir
ica,
Pi
raba
nha,
Pi
rabo
ca,
Pira
gica
, Pi
rajic
a,
Pira
njic
a,Q
uará
, Sal
ema
do a
lto, S
alem
a pr
eta
Pira
banh
a, P
irabo
ca,
Pira
gica
, Pi
rajic
a, P
iram
boca
, Pi
rang
ica,
Pira
ngic
a am
arel
a, P
irang
ica
com
um, P
iranj
ica,
Qua
ra, S
alem
aaç
ú, S
alem
a do
alto
, Sal
ema
pret
a
Gar
rião
Gar
rião,
Gua
vina
Folh
a se
ca,
Gar
guel
o, G
arriã
o, G
arriã
o de
pap
o ve
rmel
ho,
Gar
rião
gulo
so,
Gar
rião
mac
aco,
Gua
vina
, G
ulos
o, I
mbo
rê,
Imbo
rê d
e ch
io,
Imbo
rê f
olha
sec
a, M
acac
o, M
aria
da
toca
,M
ario
ngo,
Mor
é, P
eixe
mac
aco,
Qua
tro o
lhos
NEN
HU
M
Bai
acu
caix
ão, P
eixe
cof
re
Bai
acú,
Bai
acu
caix
ão, B
aiac
u ch
ifrud
o, B
aiac
u co
fre,
Bai
acu
sem
chi
fre,
Bai
acu
sem
esp
inho
s, C
ofre
, Ost
raci
ão, P
eixe
cof
re,
Peix
e va
ca, T
aoca
, Vac
a se
m c
hifr
e
Bai
acu,
Bai
acu
caix
ão,
Bai
acu
cofr
e, B
aiac
u se
m e
spin
ho,
Cof
re,
Gua
mai
acu
apé,
Ost
raci
ão,
Peix
e co
fre,
Pei
xe v
aca,
Taoc
a, T
oaca
, Vac
a se
m c
hifr
e
SPEC
IES
Icht
hyap
us o
phio
neus
Iner
mia
vitt
ata
Istio
phor
us p
laty
pter
us
Kau
pich
thys
hyo
pror
oide
s
Kyp
hosu
s inc
isor
Kyp
hosu
s sec
tatr
ix
Labr
isom
us c
rico
ta
Labr
isom
us k
alis
hera
e
Labr
isom
us n
uchi
pinn
is
Lach
nola
imus
max
imus
Lact
ophr
ys b
icau
dalis
Lact
ophr
ys tr
igon
us
Lact
ophr
ys tr
ique
ter
Nº
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
123
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Cep
ene
(200
0)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Miro
ró b
aian
o
Mar
iqui
ta a
rlequ
im
Prej
ereb
a
Baú
na
Cio
ba
Ver
mel
ho b
oca
negr
a
Gua
iúba
Car
anha
do
fund
o
Den
tão
Parg
o ve
rdad
eiro
Ario
có
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Bre
jere
ba,
Car
á do
m
ar,
Cha
ncha
rron
a,
Cra
uaçu
, C
roaç
u,D
orm
inho
co,
Frej
ereb
a, F
reje
reva
, G
ereb
a, P
eixe
fol
ha,
Peix
eso
no, P
ejer
eba,
Pija
reba
, Pira
ca, P
iracá
, Pirá
ca, P
iraje
va, P
reje
reba
,Pr
ejer
eva,
Xan
caro
na, X
anca
rron
a, X
anxa
rron
a B
aúna
, Car
anha
de
man
gue,
Car
apita
nga,
Par
go m
ulat
o
Ario
có, C
aran
ha, C
aran
ha v
erm
elha
, Car
anho
, Car
anho
ver
dade
iro,
Car
anho
ver
mel
ho,
Car
apita
nga,
Ceo
ba,
Chi
oba,
Cio
ba,
Cio
bave
rdad
eira
, C
iobi
nha,
Cio
quira
, G
uaiú
ba,
Rab
o ab
erto
, Si
oba,
Siqu
ira,
Sirio
ba,
Siriú
ba,
Ver
mel
ho c
aran
ha,
Ver
mel
ho c
ioba
,V
erm
elho
de
fund
o B
oca
negr
a, P
argo
, Par
go b
oca
negr
a, P
argo
boc
a pr
eta,
Saç
upem
a,Sa
çupe
ma
boca
pre
ta, V
erm
elho
, Ver
mel
ho b
oca
negr
a, V
erm
elho
de fu
ndo ,
Ver
mel
ho d
o fu
ndo
Caú
ba,
Ceo
ba,
Cio
ba,
Cio
ba m
ulat
a, G
aier
o, G
oiúb
a, G
uaiu
ba,
Gua
iúba
, Gua
iúva
, Gua
juba
, Mul
ata,
Rab
o ab
erto
, Rab
o am
arel
o,Sa
ioba
, Sar
mão
, Saú
ba, S
ioba
, Sio
va, S
iriob
a C
aran
ha, C
aran
ha d
o fu
ndo,
Car
anho
, Ver
mel
ho c
aran
ho
Baú
na,
Baú
na d
e fo
go,
Baú
na d
o al
to,
Baú
na f
ogo,
Car
anha
,C
arap
itang
a, C
hiov
a, C
ioba
, Cio
quira
, Den
tão,
Pirá
siri
rica,
Sio
ba,
Siob
inha
,Siri
rica,
Ver
mel
ho,V
erm
elho
dent
ão,V
erm
elho
siriú
baA
cará
ai
a,
Aca
raai
a,
Aca
rapi
tang
a,
Aca
rapu
ã,
Car
anha
,C
arap
itang
a, C
arap
utan
ga, C
hern
e ve
rmel
ho, D
entã
o, P
argo
, Par
goca
chuc
ho,
Parg
o ol
ho d
e vi
dro,
Par
go r
eal,
Parg
o ve
rdad
eiro
,Sa
cupe
ma,
Saç
upem
a, V
erm
elho
, Ver
mel
ho d
entã
o, V
erm
elho
do
fund
o A
reia
có, A
reoc
ó, A
riacó
, Aric
ó, A
riocó
, Baú
na, C
aran
ho, C
aran
hove
rdad
eiro
, C
aran
ho v
erm
elho
, C
arap
itang
a, C
iobi
nha,
Den
tão,
Orio
có, S
iobi
nha,
Siu
quira
, Ver
mel
ho, V
erm
elho
aric
ó, V
erm
elho
ario
có, V
erm
elho
hen
rique
, Ver
mel
ho v
erda
deiro
, Ver
mel
ho x
ióva
SPEC
IES
Leth
arch
us a
licul
atus
Liop
ropo
ma
carm
abi
Lobo
tes s
urin
amen
sis
Lutja
nus a
lexa
ndre
i
Lutja
nus a
nalis
Lutja
nus b
ucan
ella
Ocy
urus
chr
ysur
us
Lutja
nus c
yano
pter
us
Lutja
nus j
ocu
Lutja
nus p
urpu
reus
Lutja
nus s
ynag
ris
Nº
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
124
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Cep
ene
(200
0)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
N
omur
a (1
984)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Fish
Bas
e
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
pers
.com
m.
Fish
Bas
e
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Ver
mel
ho o
lho
amar
elo
Am
oré
arle
quim
Agu
lhão
neg
ro
Pirá
M
acaq
uinh
o co
mum
Jam
anta
gig
ante
Cam
urup
im
Can
gulo
pre
to
Peix
e lo
mbr
iga
baia
no
Peix
e lo
mbr
iga
rosa
Peix
e ca
chim
bo p
reto
Peix
eca
chim
boes
trela
Am
oré
de li
stra
am
arel
a
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Aca
rá a
ia,
Aca
rapi
tang
a, C
arap
itang
a, C
hern
e ve
rmel
ho,
Den
tão,
Olh
o de
vid
ro,
Papa
terr
a es
trela
, Pa
rgo
olho
de
vidr
o, V
erm
elho
, Ver
mel
ho d
e ol
ho a
mar
elo,
Ver
mel
ho d
ofu
ndo,
Ver
mel
ho o
lho
amar
elo,
Vid
rado
N
ENH
UM
Agu
lhão
, A
gulh
ão a
zul,
Agu
lhão
neg
ro,
Agu
lhão
pre
to,
Espa
darte
pre
to,
Kur
okaw
a, M
arlim
azu
l, M
arlim
azu
l do
Atlâ
ntic
o, M
arlin
, Mar
lin a
zul,
Mer
lim
Bom
nom
e , P
eixe
da
rain
ha, P
eixe
pic
a, P
irá
Mac
aqui
nho
Arr
aia
boca
de
gave
ta, A
rrai
a du
as c
abeç
as, D
iabo
do
mar
,Ja
man
ta, M
anta
, Mor
cego
do
mar
, Pei
xe d
iabo
, Rai
a ja
man
ta
Cam
arip
im,
Cam
arup
i, C
amar
upim
, C
amar
upim
ta
rpão
,C
ambu
rupu
, C
amor
ubi,
Cam
orup
im,
Cam
urip
ema,
Cam
urip
i, C
amur
ipim
, Cam
urup
i, C
amur
upim
, Cam
urup
impe
ma,
C
angô
a,
Can
guru
pi,
Can
guru
pim
, C
anju
rupi
,C
anju
rupi
m,
Con
juru
pi,
Para
pem
a,
Pem
a,
Pera
pem
a,Pi
rape
ma,
Pom
boca
, Tar
pão
Can
gulo
, C
angu
lo
fern
ande
, C
angu
lo
fran
cês,
Can
gulo
negr
o, C
angu
lo p
reto
, M
e pe
ga p
or f
avor
, N
iger
, Pe
ixe
porc
o, P
eroá
pre
to
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Agu
lha
do m
ar, P
eixe
cac
him
bo
NEN
HU
MN
ENH
UM
SPEC
IES
Lutja
nus v
ivan
us
Lyth
rypn
us b
rasi
liens
is
Mak
aira
nig
rica
ns
Mal
acan
thus
plu
mie
ri
Mal
acoc
tenu
s del
alan
dei
Man
ta b
iros
tris
Meg
alop
s atla
ntic
us
Mel
icht
hys n
iger
Mic
rode
smus
bah
ianu
s
Mic
rode
smus
long
ipin
nis
Mic
rogn
athu
s cri
nitu
s
Mic
rogn
athu
seru
gatu
sM
icro
gobi
us c
arri
Nº
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
125
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Fish
Bas
e
Fish
Bas
e
Fish
Bas
e
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Mod
. fro
m F
erre
ira &
Cav
a (2
001)
Fi
shB
ase
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Peix
e sa
biá
Don
zela
azu
l
Jam
anta
miri
m
Jam
anta
de
caud
a es
pinh
osa
Jam
anta
chi
lena
Jam
anta
de
caud
a lis
a
Peix
e lu
a
Porq
uinh
o de
fran
ja
Engu
ia m
acar
rão
Tain
ha p
ratiq
ueira
Sara
mon
ete
amar
elo
Mor
éia
colm
éia
Mor
éia
pavã
o
Mor
éia
de ro
seta
Bad
ejo
mira
Bad
ejo
quad
rado
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Peix
e ca
chim
bo, S
abiá
C
hrys
urus
, Cris
urus
, Don
zela
azu
l, Jó
ia
Arr
aia
boca
de
gave
ta, J
aman
ta, J
aman
ta m
irim
A
rrai
a bo
ca d
e ga
veta
Arr
aia
boca
de
gave
ta
Arr
aia
boca
de
gave
ta
Lua,
Pei
xe lu
a, P
eixe
roda
, Sol
Can
gulo
, C
angu
lo d
e fe
rnan
do,
Peix
e po
rco,
Per
uá,
Pirá
aca
,Pi
raac
a, P
orqu
inho
NEN
HU
M
Caí
ca,
Mon
dego
, Pa
rati,
Par
atí,
Para
ti gu
açú,
Par
ati
olho
de
fogo
, Pa
ratib
u, P
arat
igue
ra,
Prat
ique
ira,
Prat
ique
ra,
Sass
aiub
a,Sa
úna,
Saú
na o
lho
de f
ogo,
Sol
é, T
ainh
a, T
ainh
a de
olh
oam
arel
o, T
ainh
a do
olh
o am
arel
o, T
ainh
a do
olh
o pr
eto,
Tai
nha
para
ti, T
ainh
a pi
tiu, T
ainh
a sa
juba
, Tai
nha
verd
adei
ra
Salm
onet
e, S
aram
onet
e, S
aram
unet
e, T
rilha
, Tril
ha a
mar
ela
NEN
HU
M
Car
amur
u de
chi
fre,
Mor
éia
de p
inta
s br
anca
s, M
oréi
a pa
vão,
Mor
éia
pint
ada
Mor
éia
de ro
seta
Bad
ejet
e, B
adej
o m
ira,
Bad
ejo
saltã
o, M
ira,
Mira
celo
, Sa
ltão,
Serig
ado
tapo
ã B
adej
o, B
adej
o fe
rro,
Bad
ejo
pret
o, B
adej
o qu
adra
do, C
erig
ado
pret
o, Q
uadr
adin
ho, S
erig
ado,
Ser
igad
o pr
eto,
Siri
gado
SPEC
IES
Mic
roph
is b
rach
yuru
s M
icro
spat
hodo
n ch
rysu
rus
Mob
ula
hypo
stom
a M
obul
a ja
pani
ca
Mob
ula
tara
paca
na
Mob
ula
thur
ston
i
Mol
a m
ola
Mon
acan
thus
cili
atus
Mor
ingu
a ed
war
dsi
Mug
il cu
rem
a
Mul
loid
icht
hys m
artin
icus
Mur
aena
mel
anot
is
Mur
aena
pav
onin
a
Mur
aena
retif
era
Myc
tero
perc
a ac
utir
ostr
is
Myc
tero
perc
a bo
naci
Nº
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
126
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
. SO
UR
CE
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Ferr
eira
& C
ava
(200
1)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho ,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Fish
Bas
e C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E B
adej
o am
arel
o
Bad
ejo
de a
reia
Bad
ejo
tigre
B
adej
o fe
rro
Miro
ró d
e pi
ntas
bra
ncas
Mut
utuc
a
Fogu
eira
Mur
ion g
o na
rigud
o M
urio
ngo
miri
m
Trem
e tre
me
do n
orte
Trem
e tre
me
do su
l
Peix
e pi
loto
Tuba
rão
limão
Engu
ia d
e cr
ista
Pa
paga
io e
smer
alda
M
ango
na li
sa
Pesc
ada
de p
edra
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Á
gua
fria
, Bad
ejo,
Bad
ejo
amar
elo,
Cab
ra, C
abrin
ha, M
ané
nego
, Pira
mbe
ba, S
erig
ado,
Siri
gado
B
adej
o, B
adej
o bi
cudo
, B
adej
o br
anco
, B
adej
o br
ando
,B
adej
o da
are
ia,
Bad
ejo
de a
reia
, B
adej
o sa
ltão,
Bad
ejo
sapa
teiro
, Gar
oupa
, Ser
igad
o ba
dejo
B
adej
o, B
adej
o m
ira, B
adej
o tig
re, S
erig
ado,
Siri
gado
B
adej
o, B
adej
o fe
rro,
Bad
ejo
serig
ado,
Bad
ejo
verm
elho
,Pi
ragi
a,
Pira
gira
, Pi
rang
ira,
Serig
ado
ferr
o,
Sirig
ado,
Siri g
ado
panã
M
iriqu
itis,
Miro
ró,
Miro
ró p
inta
do,
Mur
ucut
uca
pint
ada,
Mut
uca
Miri
quiti
s am
arel
a, M
oréi
a, M
urio
ngo,
Mur
ucut
uca
ocel
ada,
Mut
uca,
Mut
utuc
a Fo
guei
ra, J
ugua
raçá
, Mar
iqui
ta, M
ariq
uita
do
alto
, Mar
iqui
taol
hão,
Miri
pris
tis,
Olh
o de
vid
ro,
Peix
e ga
to,
Pira
pira
nga,
Vov
ó de
mar
iqui
ta
NEN
HU
M
Con
gro,
En
guia
, M
oréi
a,
Mur
iong
o,
Mur
iong
o m
irim
,M
iroró
derio
NEN
HU
M
Arr
aia,
A
rrai
a el
étric
a,
Empl
asto
, R
aia
elét
rica,
R
aia
empl
asto
, Rai
a tre
me
trem
e, T
rem
e tre
me,
Tre
mel
ga
Cam
isa
de m
eia,
Duc
tor,
Peix
e pi
loto
, Pi
loto
, R
emei
ro,
Rom
eiro
Caç
ão li
mão
NEN
HU
M
Bud
ião,
Bud
ião
bata
ta, B
udiã
o sa
bone
te
NEN
HU
M
Cor
vina
dos
reci
fes,
Den
tudo
, Mar
ia m
ole,
Pes
cada
, Pes
cada
ca
mbu
cu,
Pesc
ada
cang
uçu,
Pes
cada
cas
cuda
, Pe
scad
a de
pe
dra,
Pes
cada
den
tuça
, Pes
cada
den
tuda
, Piru
caia
SPEC
IES
Myc
tero
perc
a in
ters
titia
lis
Myc
tero
perc
a m
icro
lepi
s
Myc
tero
perc
a tig
ris
Myc
tero
perc
a ve
neno
sa
Myr
icht
hys b
revi
ceps
Myr
icht
hys o
cella
tus
Myr
ipri
stis
jaco
bus
Myr
ophi
s pla
tyrh
ynch
us
Myr
ophi
s pun
ctat
us
Nar
cine
ban
crof
ti
Nar
cine
bra
silie
nsis
Nau
crat
es d
ucto
r
Neg
apri
on b
revi
rost
ris
Neo
cong
er m
ucro
natu
s N
icho
lsin
a us
ta
Odo
ntas
pis f
erox
O
dont
osci
on d
ente
x
Nº
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
127
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
epa
(197
8)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. M
od. f
rom
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m F
ishB
ase
Ros
a (1
980)
Mod
. fro
m S
uzuk
i (19
86)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Bac
acuá
B
atim
bau
Cac
uá
Peix
e m
orce
go
verd
adei
ro
Gua
ivira
am
arel
a
Gua
ivira
salte
ira
Gua
ivira
bra
nca
Mac
aco
de m
orda
ça
Poro
ngo
Miro
ró p
inta
do
Miro
Mac
aco
de ra
bo
verm
elho
Sard
inha
ban
deira
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Peix
e m
orce
go, c
acuá
, bac
acuá
B
atim
bau,
Pei
xe m
orce
go
Cac
uá, P
eixe
mor
cego
, Pirá
and
irá
Bac
acuá
, C
achi
mbo
, C
acuá
, G
uaca
ri, G
uacu
cui
a, G
uacu
cuia
,O
ncoc
éfal
o, P
eixe
cac
him
bo, P
eixe
mor
cego
, Pei
xe m
orce
go d
ofo
cinh
o lo
n go,
Pirá
and
irá
Gai
vira
, G
uaib
ira,
Gua
ivira
, Sa
lteira
, Ti
biro
, Ti
biro
am
arel
o,Ti
biro
de
cour
o
Gai
vira
, G
uaiv
ira,
Gua
juvi
ra,
Gua
rivira
, G
uavi
ra,
Gui
vira
,Sa
lteira
, Sol
teira
, Táb
oa, T
ibiro
, Tib
iro sa
ltado
r, X
avei
a, X
avéi
a
Cav
aco,
G
aivi
ra,
Goi
vira
, G
uaib
ira,
Gua
ivira
, G
uaju
vira
,G
uara
vira
, G
uariv
ira,
Gua
vira
, Pa
mpa
rron
a, S
alte
ira,
Solte
ira,
Tábu
a, T
ibiro
, Tib
iro b
ranc
o, T
ibur
o
NEN
HU
M
Cob
ra d
o m
ar,
Jucu
tuca
, M
oréi
a, M
uçum
, M
uçum
do
mar
,
Muç
um p
inta
do, M
urio
ngo
Con
gro,
Con
gro
rosa
, Fal
so c
ongr
o, M
iro
Blê
nio,
Mac
aco
de ra
bo v
erm
elho
, Mar
ia d
a to
ca o
ceân
ico
Cai
çara
, M
açam
bê,
Man
juba
, M
anju
ba l
ombo
azu
l, M
anju
bão,
Mor
omba
, Sa
rdin
ha,
Sard
inha
azu
l, Sa
rdin
ha b
alei
a, S
ardi
nha
band
eira
, Sa
rdin
ha b
arrig
a la
rga,
Sar
dinh
a br
anca
rio
rib
eira
,Sa
rdin
ha c
hata
, Sar
dinh
a da
lage
, Sar
dinh
a de
gal
ha, S
ardi
nha
dega
to,
Sard
inha
de
pena
cho,
Sar
dinh
a do
alto
, Sa
rdin
ha f
acão
,Sa
rdin
ha f
alcã
o, S
ardi
nha
gaia
, Sa
rdin
ha g
alho
, Sa
rdin
ha g
ato,
Sard
inha
gul
osa,
Sar
dinh
a la
ge,
Sard
inha
lai
s, Sa
rdin
ha l
aje,
Sard
inha
la
rga,
Sa
rdin
ha
lom
bo
azul
, Sa
rdin
ha
mar
omba
,Sa
rdin
ha p
enac
ho, S
ardi
nha
peú,
Sar
dinh
a pr
eta,
Sar
dinh
a ro
liça,
Sard
inha
ver
dade
ira, S
ardi
nha
verd
e, S
argo
, Xan
gó
SPEC
IES
Ogc
ocep
halu
s dec
livir
ostr
is
Ogc
ocep
halu
s nas
utus
O
gcoc
epha
lus n
otat
us
Ogc
ocep
halu
s ves
pert
ilio
Olig
oplit
es p
alom
eta
Olig
oplit
es sa
liens
Olig
oplit
es sa
urus
Om
obra
nchu
s pun
ctat
us
Oph
icht
hus c
ylin
droi
deus
Oph
icht
hus o
phis
Oph
idio
n ho
lbro
oki
Oph
iobl
enni
us tr
inita
tis
Opi
stho
nem
a og
linum
Nº
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
128
T
able
III.
List
of a
ll co
mm
on n
ames
ass
ocia
ted
with
Bra
zilia
n re
ef fi
sh sp
ecie
s and
thei
r uni
que
nam
e ch
osen
acc
ordi
ng to
the
sour
ce p
rese
nted
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
From
Eng
lish
(Car
valh
o Fi
lho,
199
9)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o Fi
lho
& F
reire
, pe
rs. c
omm
.
Fish
Bas
e
Cep
ene
(200
0)
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Boc
ão d
o al
to
Boc
ão d
a bo
ca a
mar
ela
Boc
ão b
igod
e
Paca
mão
est
rang
eiro
Coc
oroc
a ju
rum
irim
Sold
ado
do o
lho
gran
de
Con
gro
fant
asm
a
Con
gro
dorm
inho
co
Am
oré
nada
deira
pin
tada
Parg
o ro
sa
Mac
aco
das a
lgas
Mac
aco
das p
edra
s
Mac
aqui
nho
de m
anch
a ve
rde
Mac
aqui
nho
verd
e
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Cam
buba
, C
angu
ito,
Coc
oroc
a,
Coc
oroc
a co
mum
, C
ocor
oca
jum
irim
, Coc
oroc
a ju
rum
in, C
ocor
oca
juru
miri
, C
ocor
oca
juru
miri
m,
Coc
oroc
a ve
rdad
eira
, C
orco
roca
, C
orco
roca
da
pe
dra,
C
orco
roca
ju
rum
im,
Cor
coro
ca
juru
miri
, C
orco
roca
ju
rum
irim
, C
orco
roca
le
gítim
a,
Cor
coro
ca v
erda
deira
, Cor
ó de
ped
ra, C
otin
ga, S
apur
una,
U
ribac
o N
ENH
UM
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Pagr
o, P
algo
, Pa
rgo,
Par
go a
mar
elo,
Par
go l
iso,
Par
go
olho
de
vidr
o, P
argo
rosa
, Par
go ró
seo,
Par
go v
erm
elho
Blê
nio,
Mar
ia d
a to
ca d
as a
lgas
Blê
nio,
Mac
aco,
Mar
ia d
a to
ca, M
aria
da
toca
das
ped
ras
Mac
aqui
nho
de m
anch
a ve
rde
Mac
aco
verd
e
SPEC
IES
Opi
stog
nath
us b
rasi
liens
is
Opi
stog
nath
us c
uvie
ri
Opi
stog
nath
us lo
nchu
rus
Ops
anus
bet
a
Ort
hopr
istis
rube
r
Ost
icht
hys t
rach
ypom
a
Oto
phid
ium
chi
ckch
arne
y
Oto
phid
ium
dor
mita
tor
Oxy
uric
hthy
s st
igm
alop
hius
Pagr
us p
agru
s
Para
blen
nius
mar
mor
eus
Para
blen
nius
pili
corn
is
Para
clin
us a
rcan
us
Para
clin
us ru
bicu
ndus
Nº
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
129
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Uni
vali
(200
4)
Avi
la d
a Si
lva
& C
arne
iro
(200
3)
Fish
Bas
e
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Do
ingl
ês (C
arva
lho
Filh
o,
1999
)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Mac
aqui
nho
de v
ela
Man
é ve
lho
Ling
uado
de
prai
a
Ling
uado
tran
spar
ente
Ling
uado
bra
nco
Ling
uado
trop
ical
Parg
o m
irim
Mar
ia n
agô
Voa
dor v
ela
Piab
a do
mar
Mur
iong
o co
mpr
ido
Totó
chi
ta
Mic
hole
qua
ti
Agu
lha
rabo
de
quilh
a
Tand
uju
tigre
Fusq
uinh
a
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Man
é ve
lho
Cat
raio
, Len
guad
o, L
engu
ado
de p
raia
, Lin
guad
o, L
ingu
ado
aram
açá,
Lin
guad
o de
pra
ia,
Ling
uado
pre
to,
Rod
oval
ho,
Solh
a, S
olha
ara
maç
á Li
ngua
do,
Ling
uado
are
ia,
Ling
uado
de
arei
a, L
ingu
ado
trans
pare
nte
Ling
uado
, Lin
guad
o br
anco
Ling
uado
, Sol
ha
Boq
uinh
a, E
sque
ntam
ento
, N
amor
ado,
Par
go m
irim
, Pa
rgo
pinc
el, P
eixe
sant
o
Ant
enin
ha,
Ban
deiri
nha,
Bilr
ó, C
abeç
a de
coc
o, D
outo
r, Eq
ueto
s, Eq
uetu
s, M
aria
nag
ô, O
bisp
o, S
ubm
arin
o
Peix
e vo
ador
, Voa
dor
Mac
hadi
nha,
Man
teig
a, O
lhud
o, P
apud
inha
, Pe
lada
, Pi
aba
do
mar
, Sa
rdin
ha
barr
igud
a,
Sard
inha
do
m
ar
brab
o,
Sard
inha
gor
da, S
ardi
nha
ouro
N
ENH
UM
Apo
gon
pint
ado,
Car
deal
pin
tado
, Olh
ão, T
otó,
Tot
ó ch
ita,
Totó
pin
tadi
nho
Bat
ata,
M
icho
le
quat
i, M
ixol
e co
ati,
Mix
ole
quat
i, N
amor
ado
Agu
lha,
Agu
lhão
NEN
HU
M
Fusq
uinh
a, P
lect
ripop
s, Pl
ic p
loc,
Sol
dado
SPEC
IES
Para
clin
us sp
ecta
tor
Para
labr
ax d
eweg
eri
Para
licht
hys b
rasi
liens
is
Para
licht
hys i
sosc
eles
Para
licht
hys p
atag
onic
us
Para
licht
hys t
ropi
cus
Para
nthi
as fu
rcife
r
Pare
ques
acu
min
atus
Pare
xoco
etus
bra
chyp
teru
s
Pem
pher
is sc
hom
burg
ki
Phae
nom
onas
long
issi
ma
Phae
opty
x pi
gmen
tari
a
Ping
uipe
s bra
silia
nus
Plat
ybel
one
arga
lus
Plat
ygill
ellu
s bra
silie
nsis
Plec
tryp
ops r
etro
spin
is
Nº
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
130
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Ros
a (1
980)
Figu
eire
do &
Men
ezes
(1
978)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Frei
re &
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
pe
rs. c
omm
.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Bar
budo
pira
guab
a
Bar
budo
am
arel
o
Paru
bei
ja m
oça
Frad
e
Cor
ó bo
ca ro
xa
Ench
ova
Bea
triz
Man
gang
á lis
o
Olh
o de
cão
Am
oré
pija
ma
Am
oré
ferr
ugem
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Bar
budi
nho,
Bar
budo
, Par
ati b
arba
do, P
arat
i bar
budo
, Pi
racu
aba,
Pira
guá,
Pira
guab
a, T
ainh
a ba
rbud
a
Bar
bado
, B
arbu
do,
Bar
budo
am
arel
o, P
arat
i ba
rbad
o, P
arat
iba
rbud
o, P
arat
i de
barb
a, P
iracu
aba,
Pira
guab
a
Arc
uatu
s, En
xada
, Fr
ade,
Fr
ade
cinz
a,
Gor
dinh
o,
Jand
aia,
Mer
cado
r, Pa
ru, P
aru
beija
moç
a, P
aru
bord
ado,
Par
u br
anco
,Pa
ru c
inza
, Par
u da
ped
ra, P
arú
da p
edra
, Par
u do
urad
o, P
aru
frad
e, P
aru
fum
aça,
Par
u lis
trado
, Par
u pr
eto,
Par
um d
oura
do,
Paru
mbe
ba, P
eixe
frad
e, P
eram
beba
, Sam
buio
En
xada
, Fra
de, F
rede
, Jan
daia
, Par
u, P
arú,
Par
u da
ped
ra, P
aru
de p
edra
, Par
u fr
ade,
Par
u lis
trado
, Par
u pr
eto,
Par
um d
oura
do,
Peix
e an
jo
Abi
quar
a,
Arr
eben
ta
pane
la,
Biq
uara
, C
ocor
oca,
C
ocor
oca
legí
tima,
Cor
coro
ca, C
orco
roca
legí
tima,
Cor
coro
ca v
erda
deira
,C
oró,
Cor
ó bo
ca r
oxa,
Cor
ó br
anco
, C
oroq
ue b
ranc
o, J
uqui
ribr
anco
, Ron
cado
r
Anc
hova
, Anc
hove
ta, A
ncho
vinh
a, A
nxov
a, E
ncho
va, E
ncho
vaba
eta,
En
chov
eta,
En
chov
eta
baet
a,
Ench
ovin
ha,
Enxo
va,
Enxo
veta
, Mar
isqu
eira
, Per
na d
e m
oça,
Piq
uitin
ga
Bea
tinha
, Bea
triz,
Bia
triz,
Mam
angá
liso
, Mam
anga
va
Ani
quim
de
arei
a, B
acal
hau,
Bag
re s
apo,
Mag
angá
, Mam
angá
liso,
M
aman
gava
, M
anga
ngá,
M
anga
ngá
liso,
M
onag
uaba
,N
iqui
m, P
eixe
fosf
ores
cent
e, P
eixe
sapo
, Pira
man
gaba
Can
tado
r, Fi
guei
ra, F
ogue
ira, I
mpe
rado
r, M
irass
ol, O
lhão
, Olh
ode
boi
, O
lho
de c
ão,
Olh
o de
fog
o, O
lho
de v
idro
, O
lho
dodi
abo,
Pira
nem
a, P
irape
ma
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
SPEC
IES
Poly
dact
ylus
olig
odon
Poly
dact
ylus
vir
gini
cus
Pom
acan
thus
arc
uatu
s
Pom
acan
thus
par
u
Pom
adas
ys c
orvi
naef
orm
is
Pom
atom
us sa
ltatr
ix
Pori
chth
ys k
ymos
emeu
m
Pori
chth
ys p
oros
issi
mus
Pria
cant
hus a
rena
tus
Prio
lepi
s daw
soni
Prio
lepi
s hip
oliti
Nº
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
131
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Fish
Bas
e
Fish
Bas
e
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Tuba
rão
azul
Cab
rinha
San
to A
ntôn
io
Pira
nem
a do
fund
o
Ver
mel
ho v
oraz
Bor
bole
ta b
icud
a
Bor
bole
ta d
e fu
ndo
Bor
bole
ta d
os p
ened
os
Voa
dor d
o ra
so
Líng
ua d
e lix
a
Gar
apoá
Saba
õzin
ho d
o al
to
Nam
orad
o ve
rdad
eiro
Nam
orad
o lis
trado
Sara
mon
ete
pint
ado
Am
oré
sapo
Am
oré
de e
spin
ho g
rand
e
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Azu
l, B
ico
doce
, Caç
ão a
zul,
Caç
ão fo
cinh
udo,
Caç
ão m
ole
mol
e , F
ocin
hudo
, Lom
bo p
reto
, Mol
e m
ole,
Tub
arão
azu
l, C
abra
, C
abrin
ha,
Cas
cudo
, Pe
ixe
cabr
a, V
oado
r bi
co d
epa
to, V
oado
r de
pedr
a, V
oado
r San
to A
ntôn
io
Cas
sum
ba d
e m
ero,
Olh
ão, P
irane
ma,
Pira
nem
a do
fund
o
Ver
mel
ho v
oraz
Bor
bole
ta, B
orbo
leta
bic
uda,
Bor
bole
ta tr
ombe
ta
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e bo
rbol
eta
de S
ão P
edro
e S
ão P
aulo
Voa
dor,
Peix
e vo
ado r
NEN
HU
M
Fals
a gu
araj
uba,
G
arap
oá,
Gua
raci
mbo
ra,
Prac
uman
dá,
Xar
éu, X
aréu
bra
nco
NEN
HU
M
Nam
orad
o, N
amor
ado
verd
adei
ro
Nam
orad
o, N
amor
ado
listra
do
Bei
ja
moç
a,
Can
aiú,
Pi
ram
etar
a,
Sabo
nete
, Sa
lam
onet
e,Sa
lmão
pe
quen
o,
Salm
onej
o,
Salm
onet
e,
Salm
onet
e da
pedr
a, S
aram
onet
e, S
aram
unet
e, T
rilha
N
ENH
UM
NEN
HU
M
SPEC
IES
Prio
nace
gla
uca
Prio
notu
s pun
ctat
us
Pris
tigen
ys a
lta
Pris
tipom
oide
s aqu
ilona
ris
Prog
nath
odes
bra
silie
nsis
Prog
nath
odes
guy
anne
nsis
Prog
nath
odes
o
bliq
uus
Prog
nich
thys
occ
iden
talis
Pron
otog
ram
mus
du
plic
iden
tatu
s Ps
eudo
cara
nx d
ente
x
Pseu
dogr
amm
a gr
egor
yi
Pseu
dope
rcis
num
ida
Pseu
dope
rcis
se
mifa
scia
tus
Pseu
dupe
neus
mac
ulat
us
Psilo
tris
bat
rach
odes
Psilo
tris
cel
sus
Nº
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
132
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. N
omur
a (1
984)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. M
od. f
rom
Szp
ilman
(200
0)
Mod
. fro
m S
uzuk
i (19
86)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Fish
Bas
e M
od. f
rom
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
. C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Linh
a az
ul
Miro
ró d
e pi
ntas
pre
tas
Biju
pirá
Con
grin
ho d
e pr
aia
Rêm
ora
de b
alei
a R
êmor
a co
mum
Rêm
ora
bran
ca
Tuba
rão
bale
ia
Rai
a vi
ola
bras
ileira
Rai
a vi
ola
do A
tlânt
ico
Rai
a vi
ola
do su
l
Tico
nha
Rai
a bo
i C
ação
ale
crim
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Bei
jo p
irá,
Bei
jupi
rá,
Bei
upirá
, B
ejup
irá,
Biju
pirá
, B
iupi
rá,
Caç
ão d
e es
cam
a, C
ação
de
esca
mas
, C
anad
o, C
hanc
aron
a,Pa
rabi
ju,
Para
mbe
ju,
Para
mbi
ju,
Para
mbi
jú,
Para
miju
,Pa
rand
iju,
Peix
e re
i, Pi
rá b
iju,
Pira
beju
, Pi
rabi
ju,
Pira
mbi
ju,
Pira
piju
Con
gro,
Lag
arto
do
ma r
R
êmor
a A
garr
ador
, Pe
gado
r, Pe
ixe
pega
dor,
Peix
e pi
olho
, Pi
olho
de
caçã
o, P
iolh
o de
tuba
rão,
Pira
quib
a, R
émor
a, R
êmor
a Pe
gado
r, R
êmor
a
Caç
ão e
stre
la, P
inta
dinh
o, T
ubar
ão b
alei
a
Arr
aia
viol
a, C
ação
vio
la, R
aia
viol
a, V
iola
NEN
HU
M
Arr
aia
viol
a, C
ação
vio
la, G
uita
rra,
Rai
a vi
ola,
Vio
la
Arr
aia
cabo
cla,
Arr
aia
moi
tão,
Rai
a, R
aia
foci
nho
de v
aca,
Rai
asa
po, R
aia
ticon
ha, T
icon
ha, R
aia-
Boi
, Arr
aia-
de-d
uas-
cabe
ças,
Arr
aia-
jam
bora
na
Arr
aia
ticon
ha, R
aia
boi,
Tico
nha
Bic
o de
sur
ela,
Bic
o de
suv
ela,
Bic
o fin
o, B
icud
inho
, Caç
onet
e,C
ação
aip
im, C
ação
ale
crim
, Caç
ão a
legr
im, C
ação
anj
o, C
ação
baba
quei
ro, C
ação
bic
udo,
Caç
ão d
e bi
co d
oce,
Caç
ão f
idal
go,
Caç
ão f
rang
o, C
ação
fra
ngo
olhu
do, C
ação
bab
aque
iro, C
ação
rabo
sec
o, C
or d
e en
xofr
e, C
ucur
i, Fe
cha
vend
a, F
rang
o,Fi
guin
ho,
lauê
, Lu
stro
so,
Rab
o se
co,
Sicu
ri, S
ucur
i, Tu
barã
ofr
ango
, Tub
arão
fran
go o
lhud
o
SPEC
IES
Pter
eleo
tris
rand
alli
Qua
ssir
emus
asc
ensi
onis
Ra
chyc
entr
on c
anad
um
Rane
ya b
rasi
liens
is
Rem
ora
aust
ralis
Re
mor
a re
mor
a
Rem
orin
a al
besc
ens
Rhin
codo
n ty
pus
Rhin
obat
os h
orke
li
Rhin
obat
os le
ntig
inos
us
Rhin
obat
os p
erce
llens
Rhin
opte
ra b
onas
us
Rhin
opte
ra b
rasi
liens
is
Rhiz
opri
onod
on la
land
ii
Nº
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
133
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Ran
gel &
Fre
ire, p
ers.
com
m.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Avi
la d
a Si
lva
& C
arne
iro
(200
3)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Caç
ão fr
ango
Rea
lito
Mac
aqui
nho
do su
l
Am
oré
de e
spon
ja
Bad
ejo
sabã
o m
irim
Bad
ejo
sabã
o m
arro
m
Bad
ejo
sabã
o co
mum
Bad
ejo
sabã
o pi
ntad
o
Bon
ito se
rrin
ha
Sard
inha
cha
ruto
Sard
inha
ver
dade
ira
Jagu
areç
á lis
trado
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Caç
ão,
Caç
ão a
lecr
im,
Caç
ão b
icud
o, C
ação
de
prai
a, C
ação
fidal
go,
Caç
ão f
rang
o, C
ação
rab
o se
co,
Caç
onet
e, C
ucur
i,Fe
cha
vend
a, F
igui
nho,
Fra
ngo
Arc
oco,
Are
ocó,
Car
anha
, Car
apita
nga,
Chi
oba,
Chi
ova,
Cio
ba,
Cio
va,
Mul
ata,
Pa
ram
irim
, Pa
rgo
pina
nga,
Pa
rgo
pira
nga,
Pira
nga,
R
ealit
o,
Siob
a,
Siob
inha
, V
erm
elha
do
ar
,V
erm
elhi
nho,
V
erm
elho
, V
erm
elho
ol
ho
mol
e,
Ver
mel
hopa
ram
irim
, Ver
mel
ho p
irang
a, X
ióva
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
Bad
ejo
sabã
o, B
adej
o sa
bão
pint
alga
do, S
abão
Bad
ejo
sabã
o, P
eixe
sabã
o
Bad
ejo,
Bad
ejo
sabã
o, B
adej
o sa
bão
com
um, C
erig
ado
sabã
o,Pe
ixe
sabã
o, S
abão
, Sab
onet
e, S
aram
onet
e, S
erig
ado
sabã
o
Bad
ejo
sabã
o
Baq
uara
, B
onito
, B
onito
atlâ
ntic
o, B
onito
ser
rinha
, C
aval
a,Sa
rda,
Sar
rajã
o, S
erra
, Se
rra
com
um,
Serr
a de
esc
ama,
Ser
raA
lach
a, M
arom
ba, S
ardi
nha,
Sar
dinh
a ch
arut
o, S
ardi
nha
de la
ta,
Sard
inha
leg
ítim
a, S
ardi
nha
mar
omba
, Sa
rdin
ha v
erda
deira
,Sa
rdin
ha v
erda
deira
gra
nde,
Sar
dinh
a ve
rdad
eira
peq
uena
B
iribi
ri, B
oca
torta
, Cha
ruto
, Esc
amud
a, M
anju
vão,
Mar
omba
,Sa
rdin
ha, S
ardi
nha
azul
, Sar
dinh
a ch
arut
o, S
ardi
nha
de g
alha
,Sa
rdin
ha
do
rein
o,
Sard
inha
le
gítim
a,
Sard
inha
m
arom
ba,
Sard
inha
verd
adei
raN
ENH
UM
SPEC
IES
Rhiz
opri
onod
on p
oros
us
Rhom
bopl
ites a
uror
uben
s
Ribe
iroc
linus
ei
genm
anni
Riso
r rub
ber
Rypt
icus
bis
tris
pinu
s
Rypt
icus
rand
alli
Rypt
icus
sapo
nace
us
Rypt
icus
subb
ifren
atus
Sard
a sa
rda
Sard
inel
la a
urita
Sard
inel
la ja
neir
o
Sarg
ocen
tron
bul
lisi
Nº
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
134
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
&
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Mod
. fro
m F
erre
ira &
Cav
a (2
001)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho
& B
ranc
o (1
977)
M
od. f
rom
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Mar
acho
mba
ver
de
Mar
acho
mba
de
trind
ade
Papa
gaio
azu
l
Papa
gaio
ban
ana
Cav
ala
sard
inhe
ira
Serr
a
Cav
ala
Serr
a pi
ning
a
Man
gang
á ca
beça
de
gans
o
Man
gang
á ve
rmel
ho
Man
gang
á ca
beça
lisa
Man
gang
á co
rcun
da
Man
gang
á de
plu
ma
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Mac
aco,
Mac
aco
verd
e, M
arac
hom
ba, M
aria
da
toca
, Pei
xe
mac
aco
NEN
HU
M
Bic
o ve
rde,
Bud
ião,
Bud
ião
azul
, B
udiã
o pr
eto,
Bud
ião
roxo
, B
udiã
o un
a,
Peix
e pa
paga
io,
Papa
gaio
pr
eto,
Papa
gaio
una
B
udiã
o ba
nana
, Pei
xe p
apag
aio
zelin
da, S
caru
s ban
ana
Cav
ala,
C
aval
a de
re
ino,
C
aval
a do
re
ino,
C
aval
asa
rdin
heira
, C
aval
inha
, M
uzun
do,
Muz
undu
, M
uzun
dum
,Pe
riqui
to,S
erra
dees
cam
a,So
roro
caC
aror
oca,
Cav
ala,
Cav
ala
pint
ada,
Esc
alda
mar
, Sa
rda,
Serr
a,
Serr
á,
Serr
a pi
ma,
Se
rra
pini
nga,
Se
rrap
inim
a,Se
rrin
ha, S
oror
oca,
Sor
oróc
a C
aval
a, C
aval
a ai
pim
, C
aval
a br
anca
, C
aval
a im
ping
em,
Cav
ala
pern
a de
moç
a, C
aval
a pr
eta,
Cav
ala
sard
inhe
ira,
Cav
ala
verd
adei
ra, P
erna
de
moç
a, S
erra
, Sor
oroc
a C
aval
a, C
aval
a bo
ca la
rga,
Cav
ala
bran
ca, C
aval
a ca
nguç
u,C
aval
a pi
ntad
a, C
aval
a sa
rdin
heira
, C
aval
a se
rra,
Ser
ra,
Serr
a pe
ninc
ho, S
erra
pin
inga
, Sor
oroc
a, S
oror
oca
pini
ma
NEN
HU
M
Bea
tinha
, Bea
tinha
pin
tada
, Bea
triz,
Mam
angá
, Man
gang
á,M
anga
ngá
pint
ado,
Man
gang
á ve
rmel
ho, N
iqui
m, N
iqui
mda
pe
dra,
N
iqui
m
de
pedr
a,
Peix
e es
corp
ião,
Pe
ixe
Man
gang
á
Man
gang
á, M
oria
ti
Bea
tinha
, B
eatri
z,
Man
gang
á,
Man
gang
á de
es
pinh
o,N
iqui
m
da
pedr
a,
Niq
uim
de
pe
dra,
Pe
ixe
esco
rpiã
o,M
anga
ngá
de c
hifr
es
SPEC
IES
Scar
tella
cri
stat
a
Scar
tella
poi
ti
Scar
us tr
ispi
nosu
s
Scar
us ze
linda
e
Scom
ber c
olia
s
Scom
bero
mor
us
bras
ilien
sis
Scom
bero
mor
us
cava
lla
Scom
bero
mor
us
rega
lis
Scor
paen
a be
rgi
Scor
paen
a b
rasi
liens
is
Scor
paen
a ca
lcar
ata
Scor
paen
a di
spar
Scor
paen
a
gran
dico
rnis
Nº
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
135
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Fish
Bas
e
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Man
gang
á co
gum
elo
Man
gang
á ca
ra li
sa
Man
gang
á do
s pen
edos
Man
gang
á ax
ila ro
xa
Bea
tinha
col
orad
a
Bea
tinha
dos
pen
edos
Bea
tinha
de
reci
fe
Chi
char
ro o
lho
gran
de
Gal
o de
reci
fe
Gal
o de
pen
acho
Olh
o de
boi
Olh
ete
listra
do
Olh
ete
com
um
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Bea
triz,
Mam
angá
, M
anga
ngá,
Man
gang
á ca
ra l
isa,
Mor
éia
ati c
ara
lisa,
Pei
xe p
edra
N
ENH
UM
Ane
quim
, A
niqu
im,
Ani
quim
bea
triz,
Ani
quim
de
pedr
a,B
aetin
ha,
Bea
tinha
, B
eatin
ha a
xila
roc
ha,
Bea
triz,
Biri
ati,
Bria
ti, M
aman
gá, M
anga
ngá,
Man
gang
á ax
ila ro
xa, M
orei
ati,
Mor
iati,
Niq
uim
, N
iqui
m d
a pe
dra,
Niq
uim
de
pedr
a, P
eixe
esco
rpiã
o,Pe
ixe
pedr
a,Sa
rrão
Bea
triz,
Man
gang
á
NEN
HU
M
Man
gang
á
Car
apau
, C
hich
arro
, C
hich
arro
ol
ho
gran
de,
Gar
ajub
a,G
arap
au, G
uara
juba
, Gur
apau
, Gur
apu,
Man
equi
nho,
Olh
ão,
Olh
udo,
Xix
arro
olh
o de
boi
, Xix
arro
, Xix
arro
olh
o gr
ande
,X
ixar
ro o
lhud
o
Gal
o, P
eixe
gal
o
Aba
tuca
ia, A
lfaqu
im, A
raca
guira
, Ara
cang
uira
, Cap
ão, G
alo,
Gal
o ba
ndei
ra, G
alo
da c
osta
, Gal
o de
fita
, Gal
o de
pen
acho
,G
alo
do a
lto,
Gal
o do
mor
ro,
Gal
o fit
a, G
alo
proa
de
bote
,G
alo
verd
adei
ro, P
eixe
gal
o, P
eixe
gal
o de
pen
acho
, Tes
tudo
Ara
baia
na, A
raba
iana
pin
tada
, Olh
ete,
Olh
o de
boi
, Pita
ngol
a,Ta
pira
nga,
Tap
ireca
, Tap
ireçá
, Uru
baia
na
Ara
baia
na,
Olh
ete,
Olh
ete
listra
do,
Olh
o de
boi
, Pi
tang
ola,
Uru
baia
na
Ara
baia
na, A
raba
iana
pin
tada
, Olh
ete,
Olh
o de
boi
, Pita
ngol
a,Ta
pira
nga,
Tap
ireça
, Tap
ireçá
, Uru
baia
na
SPEC
IES
Scor
paen
a in
erm
is
Scor
paen
a is
thm
ensi
s
Scor
paen
a m
ellis
si
Scor
paen
a pl
umie
ri
Scor
paen
odes
car
ibba
eus
Scor
paen
odes
insu
lari
s
Scor
paen
odes
tr
edec
imsp
inos
us
Sela
r cru
men
opht
halm
us
Sele
ne b
row
nii
Sele
ne v
ome r
Seri
ola
dum
erili
Seri
ola
fasc
iata
Seri
ola
lala
ndi
Nº
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
136
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Iher
ing
(196
8)
Fish
Bas
e
Fish
Bas
e
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
IBA
MA
Inst
. Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Mod
. fro
m F
ishB
ase
Mod
. fro
m F
erre
ira &
Cav
a (2
001)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mar
tins-
Jura
s (19
87)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Olh
ete
baca
mar
te
Mar
iqui
ta d
e do
rso
lara
nja
Mar
iqui
ta d
e or
elha
neg
ra
Mar
iqui
ta p
inta
da
Mar
iqui
ta a
rlequ
im
Mar
iqui
ta p
iruca
ia
Sete
fund
ão
Mar
iqui
ta fu
mo
Papa
gaio
de
reci
fe
Papa
gaio
cin
za
Papa
gaio
sina
leiro
Papa
gaio
ver
de d
entu
ço
Papa
gaio
ver
mel
ho
Bai
acu
arei
a
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Ara
baia
na, F
umei
ro, O
lhet
e ba
cam
arte
, Olh
o de
boi
, Olh
o de
boi f
umei
ro, P
iloto
, Rem
eiro
NEN
HU
M
Jacu
ndá
Bad
ejin
ho l
ante
rna,
Mar
iqui
ta p
inta
da,
Mer
o, P
eixe
gat
o,Se
rran
us la
ranj
a
NEN
HU
M
Jacu
ndá,
M
ariq
uita
, Pi
ruca
ia,
Serig
ado
xern
e,
Serr
ano,
Serr
anus
bar
riga
bran
ca, T
raíra
, Tra
íra d
as p
edra
s, V
ovó
Jacu
ndá,
Set
e fu
ndão
Jacu
ndá
Bat
ata,
B
obó,
B
udiã
o,
Bud
ião
band
eira
, B
udiã
o ba
tata
,B
udiã
o co
mum
, Bud
ião
de re
cife
s, B
udiã
o pa
paga
io, B
udiã
ove
rmel
ho,
Papa
gaio
ba
ndei
ra,
Papa
gaio
es
pelh
o,
Peix
epa
paga
io, P
eixe
pap
agai
o do
s rec
ifes
Bat
ata,
B
obó,
B
udiã
o,
Bud
ião
bata
ta,
Bud
ião
cara
nha,
Bud
ião
cinz
a,
Bud
ião
verd
e,
Papa
gaio
ve
rde,
Pe
ixe
papa
gaio
, Pei
xe p
apag
aio
cinz
ento
Ba t
ata,
Bob
ó, B
odiã
o ro
xo, B
udiã
o, B
udiã
o ag
assi
z, B
udiã
oba
rrig
a az
ul,
Bud
ião
enxo
frad
o, B
udiã
o ve
rde,
Pap
agai
o,Pa
paga
io a
quar
ela,
Pei
xe p
apag
aio,
Pei
xe p
apag
aio
sina
leiro
Bat
ata,
Bob
ó, B
odiã
o ve
rde,
Bud
ião,
Pei
xe p
apag
aio
dent
uço
NEN
HU
M
Bai
acu,
Bai
acu
arei
a, B
aiac
u m
irim
, Bai
acu
pini
ma,
Bai
acu
pint
ado,
Bai
acu
verd
e
SPEC
IES
Seri
ola
rivo
liana
Serr
anus
ann
ular
is
Serr
anus
atr
obra
nchu
s
Serr
anus
bal
dwin
i
Serr
anus
chi
onar
aia
Serr
anus
flav
iven
tris
Serr
anus
pho
ebe
Serr
anus
taba
cari
us
Spar
isom
a am
plum
Spar
isom
a ax
illar
e
Spar
isom
a fr
ondo
sum
Spar
isom
a ra
dian
s
Spar
isom
a tu
iupi
rang
a
Spho
eroi
des g
reel
eyi
Nº
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
137
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Mod
. fro
m R
ocha
& C
osta
(1
999)
Suzu
ki (1
986)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho
&
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Fish
Bas
e
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Bai
acu
giga
nte
Bai
acu
pini
ma
Bai
acu
quad
ricul
ado
Bai
acu
de c
avan
haqu
e
Bar
racu
da
Bic
uda
goira
na
Bic
uda
bran
ca
Bic
uda
pesc
ada
Cam
beva
pre
ta
Mar
telo
gig
ante
Cam
beva
pat
a
Anj
o da
ped
ra
Mar
ia d
a to
ca m
alha
da
Mar
ia d
a to
ca e
scam
osa
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Bai
acu,
Gui
ma
das p
ared
es
Bai
acu,
Bai
acú,
Bai
acu
miri
n, B
aiac
u pi
nim
a
Bai
acu,
B
aiac
ú,
Bai
acu
de
croa
, B
aiac
u do
ndon
, B
aiac
ufr
angu
inho
, B
aiac
u m
irim
, B
aiac
u pi
ning
a, B
aiac
u pi
ntad
o,B
aicu
qua
dric
ulad
o, G
uam
aiac
u m
irim
B
aiac
u
Bac
uda,
Bar
racu
da, B
icud
a, B
icud
a ca
chor
ra, B
icud
a de
cor
so,
Car
ama,
Car
ana,
Cor
ama,
Gav
iana
, Goi
rana
, Gor
ana,
Gua
rana
,Pe
scad
a, P
esca
da b
icud
a, P
esca
da g
oiva
B
icud
a, B
arra
cuda
, Bic
uda
de c
orso
, Bic
uda
goira
na
Bar
racu
da, B
icud
a, B
icud
a br
anca
, Bic
uda
goira
na, B
icud
inha
,C
oram
a, C
orom
a, G
oira
na,
Gor
ana,
Pes
cada
bic
uda,
Pes
cada
goira
na, P
esca
dinh
a bi
cuda
Bic
uda,
Pes
cada
bic
uda
Caç
ão
corn
udo,
C
ação
m
arte
lo,
Caç
ão
rude
la,
Cam
beva
,C
ambe
va
pret
a,
Cor
nudo
, M
arte
lo,
Peix
e m
arte
lo,
Rud
ela,
Caç
ão m
arte
lo,
Caç
ão p
anã,
Cam
beva
, M
arte
lo,
Panã
, Pe
ixe
mar
telo
Caç
ão,
Caç
ão c
ampe
ba,
Caç
ão c
hapé
u, C
ação
mar
telo
, Caç
ãopa
nã, C
ação
pat
a, C
ação
rod
ela,
Caç
ão r
udel
a, C
ambe
va p
ata,
Cha
péu
arm
ado,
Mar
telo
, Pat
a, P
eixe
mar
telo
, Rod
ela,
Rud
ela,
Tuba
rão
panã
Caç
ão a
njo,
Tub
arão
anj
o es
pinh
udo,
Anj
o, A
njo
do m
ar
NEN
HU
M
NEN
HU
M
SPEC
IES
Spho
eroi
des p
achy
gast
er
Spho
eroi
des s
peng
leri
Spho
eroi
des t
estu
dine
us
Spho
eroi
des t
yler
i
Sphy
raen
a ba
rrac
uda
Sphy
raen
a bo
real
is
Sphy
raen
a gu
acha
ncho
Sphy
raen
a to
me
Sphy
rna
lew
ini
Sphy
rna
mok
arra
n
Sphy
rna
tibur
o
Squa
tina
punc
tata
Star
ksia
bra
silie
nsis
Star
ksia
mul
tilep
is
Nº
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
138
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Mod
. Fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
M
od. f
rom
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m S
ampa
io &
N
ottin
gham
(200
8)
Frei
re, p
ers.
com
m.
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho-
Filh
o (1
999)
Sam
paio
& N
ottin
gham
(2
008)
C
arva
lho-
Filh
o, p
ers.
com
m.
Mod
. fro
m G
odoy
(198
7)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Mod
. fro
m F
igue
iredo
&
Men
ezes
(200
0)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Sabe
ré c
afé
torr
ado
Sabe
ré b
icol
or
Sabe
ré d
e R
ocas
Don
zela
de
São
Pedr
o
Don
zela
de
Trin
dade
D
onze
la c
inza
Sabe
ré a
mar
elo
Porq
uinh
o de
ped
ra
Porq
uinh
o de
pen
acho
Tand
uju
de R
ocas
Agu
lha
do A
tlânt
ico
Tim
ucu
Viú
va n
egra
Ling
uado
de
cana
l
Ling
uado
do
olho
risc
ado
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Caf
é to
rrad
o, C
asta
nhet
a, D
onze
la, D
onze
la e
scur
a,
Don
zelin
ha, M
aria
mol
e, M
aria
pre
ta, Q
uerê
que
rê, S
aber
ê C
ará,
C
asta
nhet
a,
Don
zela
bi
colo
r, G
regó
rio,
Sabe
ré,
Sabe
rê, S
aber
ê bi
colo
r D
onze
la, S
aber
é
Don
zela
de
São
Pedr
o e
São
Paul
o
NEN
HU
M
Don
zela
cin
za, G
regó
rio, M
aria
pre
ta
Anj
o, C
ará,
Cas
tanh
eta,
Don
zela
, Don
zela
am
arel
a, D
onze
laca
cau,
Don
zelin
ha a
mar
ela,
Sab
erê,
Sab
erê
amar
elo
Can
gulo
, C
angu
lo
Fern
ando
, Es
fald
ado,
Es
falfa
do,
Gud
unho
, Neg
ro m
ina,
Pei
xe p
orco
, Pei
xe p
orco
de
pedr
a,Pe
roaz
inho
, Per
uá, P
iraac
a, P
iruá,
Por
quin
ho, P
orqu
inho
de
fron
te re
ta
Can
gulo
, Pei
xe p
orco
, Pei
xe p
orco
de
pedr
a, P
eruá
, Pirá
aça
,Po
rqui
nho
de p
enac
ho
NEN
HU
M
Agu
lha,
Agu
lhão
, Agu
lhin
ha
Aca
rapi
ndá,
A
gulh
a,
Agu
lhão
, A
gulh
ão
roliç
o,
Car
apiá
,Pe
ixe
agul
ha,
Petim
buab
a,
Tim
bucú
, Ti
mic
u,
Tim
ucu,
Tim
ucú,
Tim
uçu
Bró
tula
neg
ra, L
ateb
rícol
a, V
iúva
neg
ra
Ling
uado
, Lin
guad
o da
are
ia, L
ingu
ado
dáre
ia, S
olha
, Tap
a
Ara
maç
á, A
ram
açã,
Lin
guad
o, L
ingu
ado
da a
reia
, Lin
guad
odá
reia
, Lin
guad
o de
are
ia,
Ling
uado
do
olho
risc
ado,
Sol
ha,
Solh
a de
den
te
SPEC
IES
Steg
aste
s fus
cus
Steg
aste
s pic
tus
Steg
aste
s roc
asen
sis
Steg
aste
s san
ctip
auli
Steg
aste
s tri
ndad
ensi
s St
egas
tes u
enfi
Steg
aste
s var
iabi
lis
Step
hano
lepi
s his
pidu
s
Step
hano
lepi
s set
ifer
Stor
rsia
ols
oni
Stro
ngyl
ura
mar
ina
Stro
ngyl
ura
timuc
u
Styg
nobr
otul
a la
tebr
icol
a
Syac
ium
mic
ruru
m
Syac
ium
pap
illos
um
Nº
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
139
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Szpi
lman
(200
0)/F
ishB
ase
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Mod
. fro
m S
zpilm
an (2
000)
Mod
. fro
m C
arva
lho
&
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Mod
. fro
m IB
AM
A In
st.
Nor
mat
iva
14/2
004
Sazi
ma
et a
l. (2
003)
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho
(199
9)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Roc
ha &
Cos
ta (1
999)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Líng
ua d
e m
ulat
a de
na
dade
ira p
inta
da
Líng
ua d
e m
ulat
a de
bo
chec
ha e
scur
a
Líng
ua d
e m
ulat
a do
ra
bo p
reto
Laga
rto p
apo
bran
co
Laga
rto d
o ra
so
Laga
rto a
zul
Laga
rto v
erm
elho
Bud
ião
de N
oron
ha
Tum
i tum
i
Niq
uim
do
mar
Mor
eiat
im
Alb
acor
a la
je
Alb
acor
inha
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
Líng
ua d
e m
ulat
a, L
íngu
a de
mul
ato,
Sol
ha
Líng
ua, L
íngu
a de
mul
ata,
Lín
gua
de m
ulat
o, L
íngu
a de
vac
a,Li
ngua
do, L
ingu
ado
mul
ato,
Sol
ha, S
olha
ling
uado
Líng
ua d
e m
ulat
a
Bon
ome,
Coi
ó, J
acar
é, L
agar
tixa,
Lag
arto
, La
garto
do
mar
,Pe
ixe
laga
rtixa
, Pei
xe la
garto
, Pei
xe la
garto
cos
teiro
, Tira
vira
,Ti
ravi
ra, T
raíra
, Tra
íra d
o bi
co f
ino,
Tra
íra d
o m
ar, T
raíra
do
papo
bra
nco,
Tra
íra p
apo
bran
co
Cal
ango
, La
garti
xa,
Laga
rto
do
mar
, Pe
ixe
laga
rto,
Peix
ela
garto
de
arei
a, T
ira v
ira,
Traí
ra,
Traí
ra b
ranc
a, T
raíra
das
pedr
as, T
raíra
de
água
salg
ada,
Tra
íra d
o m
ar, T
raíra
pre
ta
NEN
HU
M
Bom
nom
e, P
eixe
lag
arto
, Pe
ixe
laga
rto v
erm
elho
, C
alan
go,
Laga
rto d
o m
ar, P
eixe
pic
a, T
raíra
do
mar
Bud
ião
de N
oron
ha, S
abon
ete
das i
lhas
, Tal
asso
ma
azul
Cab
oza,
Man
gang
á, N
iqui
m,
Niq
uim
bar
rado
, N
iqui
m d
o su
l,Tu
mi t
umi
Ani
quim
, Ani
quim
da
lam
a, M
orei
atim
, Niq
ui, N
iqui
m, N
iqui
mco
mum
, Niq
uim
da
arei
a, N
iqui
m d
o m
ar
Mor
eiat
im, N
iqui
m, P
acam
ão
Alb
acor
a, A
lbac
ora
da la
ge, A
lbac
ora
da la
je, A
lbac
ora
de la
ge,
Alb
acor
a de
laje
, Alb
acor
a la
ge, A
lbac
ora
laje
, Alb
acor
a la
jeira
,A
lvac
ora,
Alv
acor
a la
jeira
, Atu
m, A
tum
am
arel
o, A
tum
gal
haam
arel
a, K
ihad
a, K
imej
i, K
iwad
a, L
agei
ra
Alb
acor
a, A
lbac
ora
pret
a, A
lbac
ora
rabo
sec
o, A
lbac
orin
ha,
Atu
m, A
tum
neg
ro, A
tum
pre
to, B
inta
SPEC
IES
Sym
phur
us d
iom
edea
nus
Sym
phur
us p
lagu
sia
Sym
phur
us rh
ytis
ma
Syno
dus f
oete
ns
Syno
dus i
nter
med
ius
Syno
dus s
auru
s
Syno
dus s
ynod
us
Thal
asso
ma
noro
nhan
um
Thal
asso
phry
ne
mon
tevi
dens
is
Thal
asso
phry
ne n
atte
reri
Thal
asso
phry
ne p
unct
ata
Thun
nus a
lbac
ares
Thun
nus a
tlant
icus
Nº
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
140
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith B
razi
lian
reef
fish
spec
ies a
nd th
eir u
niqu
e na
me
chos
en a
ccor
ding
to th
e so
urce
pre
sent
ed (c
ont.)
.
SOU
RC
E
Car
valh
o-Fi
lho,
per
s. co
mm
.
Car
valh
o &
Bra
nco
(197
7)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Mod
. fro
m N
omur
a (1
984)
Nom
ura
(198
4)
Szpi
lman
(200
0)
Lim
a &
Oliv
eira
(197
8)
UN
IQU
E N
AM
E
Peix
e ve
ntos
a m
irim
Traí
ra d
o m
ar
Pam
po c
abeç
a m
ole
Pam
po g
arab
ebéu
Pam
po g
alhu
do
Chi
char
ro lo
mbo
pre
to
Espa
da
Agu
lhão
lam
baio
Zam
boqu
e
CO
MM
ON
NA
MES
NEN
HU
M
Peix
e co
bra,
Pei
xe l
agar
to,
Traí
ra,
Traí
ra b
ranc
a, T
raíra
das
pedr
as, T
raíra
de
água
salg
ada,
Tra
íra d
o al
to, T
raíra
do
mar
Can
guei
ro,
Enxo
va,
Palo
mbe
ta,
Palo
met
a,
Palu
mbe
ta,
Pam
pano
, Pa
mpl
o, P
ampo
, Pa
mpo
am
arel
o, P
ampo
cab
eça
mol
e, P
ampo
da
espi
nha
mol
e, P
ampo
de
cabe
ça m
ole,
Pam
pore
al,
Pam
po
verd
adei
ro,
Pere
roba
, Pi
rabo
ra,
Pira
roba
,Sa
men
duar
a, S
emen
duar
a, S
olte
ira
Ara
bebé
u.
Ara
cang
uira
, A
rebe
béu,
A
reca
ngur
a,
Arib
ebéu
,C
erna
mbi
guar
a,
Gar
abeb
el,
Gar
abeb
éu,
Pam
po,
Pam
poar
abeb
éu,
Pam
po g
alhu
do,
Pam
po g
arab
ebéu
, Pa
mpo
gig
ante
,Pa
mpo
ver
dade
iro,
Rom
budo
, Sa
ngue
de
boi,
Sern
ambi
guar
a,Se
rnam
biqu
ara,
Tam
bó
Ara
cang
uito
, A
rato
baia
, A
ratu
baia
, G
alhu
da,
Gal
hudi
nho,
Gal
hudo
, Ji
riqui
ti,
Pam
pino
, Pa
mpo
, Pa
mpo
ar
acan
guira
,Pa
mpo
de
espi
nha
mol
e, P
ampo
esp
inha
mol
e, P
ampo
gal
hudo
,Pa
mpo
list
ado,
Pam
po li
stra
do, P
ampo
mal
hado
, Pam
po m
irim
,Pa
mpo
risc
ado,
Sar
gent
o, S
erna
mbi
quar
a
Car
apau
, C
hich
arro
, G
araç
uma,
Su
rel
arge
ntin
o,
Xin
xarr
o,X
ixar
ro, X
ixar
ro d
e lo
mbo
pre
to, X
ixar
ro d
o lo
mbo
pre
to
Cat
ana,
Em
bira
, Esp
ada,
Gua
ravi
ra, I
mbi
ra, P
eixe
esp
ada,
Pei
xefit
a A
gulh
ão,
Agu
lhão
beb
é, A
gulh
ão b
ebeu
, A
gulh
ão l
amba
io,
Tim
bale
A
gulh
ão,
Agu
lhão
be
bé,
Agu
lhão
be
beu,
A
gulh
ão
verd
e,Za
mba
io ro
liço,
Zam
boqu
e
SPEC
IES
Tom
icod
on a
ustr
alis
Trac
hino
ceph
alus
m
yops
Trac
hino
tus c
arol
inus
Trac
hino
tus f
alca
tus
Trac
hino
tus g
oode
i
Trac
huru
s lat
ham
i
Tric
hiur
us le
ptur
us
Tylo
suru
s acu
s
Tylo
suru
s cro
codi
lus
Nº
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
Richness of common names of Brazilian reef fishes
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
141
Tab
le II
I. Li
st o
f all
com
mon
nam
es a
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543
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547
FREIRE & CARVALHO FILHO
Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(2): 96-145
142
Thus, there is an impact of the diversity of names when trying to assess how fisheries affect the resources (see, p. ex., Freire & Pauly 2005). Species commercialized among aquarists were associated to 4.8 common names each, which was smaller than the average of 7.2 for reef species in general. This probably occurs because these species are mainly exported (Monteiro-Neto et al. 2003) and their English names are commonly used in the international market.
Size is another factor leading to the richness of fish names (one of the Berlin’s attributes). According to Hunn (1999), larger species have more names. The author presented evidence for several groups: mammals, birds, fishes and even plants. However, his evidence was based on rather poor regression fits. We showed here that species of intermediate size are more prone to be named and the richness of names decrease for the largest species.
Even though the richness of names is important from the cultural point of view, it poses problems when dealing with regional or national scales. Problems are similar to the evidenced by the use of synonyms of scientific names and raise from the fact that we do not know what we are referring to (see, p.ex., Minelli 1999). The correct identification of species is a sine qua non condition to proper assess the effect of fishing on the local biodiversity. The use of the national official list of common names proposed here would be appropriate whenever species are dealt with in a national context (in scientific publications or reports), in catch statistics, and/or in legislation, just to represent the species with a name more accessible to the general public than the scientific name. For those cases where the species are dealt in a more local context, their local names should be used as usual and thus, the original richness of names is kept. The proposed unique names are not intended to replace local names, which reflect all the knowledge local communities have about their local resources, but represent only names to be used at a national scale, chosen based on well-established criteria from the array of existing names. The same procedure could be used for all the other marine and freshwater species.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank all those who kindly sent their publications with common names; to those who suggested common names for species with no known published name; to D. Pauly who introduced the first author to the ‘world’ of common names; and to Cláudio Sampaio and two anonymous referees for
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Received October 2008 Accepted February 2009
Published online April 2009