“Rieske Center”

Iron-SulfurClusters.

(When two ormore clusters arelinked, it’s a“center” -Helmut Beinert,personal comm.)

How do the protons get pumped into the Intermembrane Space?

Overview of electron flow in ETC.

The “Q Cycle” ofComplex III.

Requires twoCoQs. Net result is using onenet CoQH2 to transfer two electrons to cyt c1, pump fourprotons into IMspace, and regenerateone CoQ.

Complex IV (Cytochrome C Oxidase)

Site of H2O formation.

Coupling of ETC to ATP Synthesis.

...appears to be a proton gradientAND a charge separation (capacitor?)