Rise of Islamic Fundamentalis

m

Afghanistan

Key Events

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan and the Cold War-The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979 in order to support the Communist Partyrsquos push for power in the Country

-The opposing side was an Islamic Fundamentalist Osama Bin Laden being one of them group that was supported by the United States and Western Allies

-In 1989 the Soviet finally withdrew from Afghanistan

Afghanistan HistoryThe Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan to help the communist government there in a civil war

bull Then the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to set up a pro-Moscow government

bull For the next 9 years a civil war broke out with different tribes of Afghanistan against and with the Soviet forces

bull The Soviets pulled out in 1989 but they left a pro-Moscow government who fell with the Soviet Union in 1992

bull Over 1 million Afghans were killed 5 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran

bull Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country

Russian Invasion

bull In the 1980s one out of two refugees in the world was an Afghan

bull Vital parts of the Afghan economy were destroyed including Irrigations systems to provide water for farming

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Key Events

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan and the Cold War-The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979 in order to support the Communist Partyrsquos push for power in the Country

-The opposing side was an Islamic Fundamentalist Osama Bin Laden being one of them group that was supported by the United States and Western Allies

-In 1989 the Soviet finally withdrew from Afghanistan

Afghanistan HistoryThe Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan to help the communist government there in a civil war

bull Then the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to set up a pro-Moscow government

bull For the next 9 years a civil war broke out with different tribes of Afghanistan against and with the Soviet forces

bull The Soviets pulled out in 1989 but they left a pro-Moscow government who fell with the Soviet Union in 1992

bull Over 1 million Afghans were killed 5 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran

bull Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country

Russian Invasion

bull In the 1980s one out of two refugees in the world was an Afghan

bull Vital parts of the Afghan economy were destroyed including Irrigations systems to provide water for farming

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Afghanistan and the Cold War-The Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979 in order to support the Communist Partyrsquos push for power in the Country

-The opposing side was an Islamic Fundamentalist Osama Bin Laden being one of them group that was supported by the United States and Western Allies

-In 1989 the Soviet finally withdrew from Afghanistan

Afghanistan HistoryThe Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan to help the communist government there in a civil war

bull Then the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to set up a pro-Moscow government

bull For the next 9 years a civil war broke out with different tribes of Afghanistan against and with the Soviet forces

bull The Soviets pulled out in 1989 but they left a pro-Moscow government who fell with the Soviet Union in 1992

bull Over 1 million Afghans were killed 5 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran

bull Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country

Russian Invasion

bull In the 1980s one out of two refugees in the world was an Afghan

bull Vital parts of the Afghan economy were destroyed including Irrigations systems to provide water for farming

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Afghanistan HistoryThe Soviet Union sent troops to Afghanistan to help the communist government there in a civil war

bull Then the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to set up a pro-Moscow government

bull For the next 9 years a civil war broke out with different tribes of Afghanistan against and with the Soviet forces

bull The Soviets pulled out in 1989 but they left a pro-Moscow government who fell with the Soviet Union in 1992

bull Over 1 million Afghans were killed 5 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran

bull Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country

Russian Invasion

bull In the 1980s one out of two refugees in the world was an Afghan

bull Vital parts of the Afghan economy were destroyed including Irrigations systems to provide water for farming

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

bull Then the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to set up a pro-Moscow government

bull For the next 9 years a civil war broke out with different tribes of Afghanistan against and with the Soviet forces

bull The Soviets pulled out in 1989 but they left a pro-Moscow government who fell with the Soviet Union in 1992

bull Over 1 million Afghans were killed 5 million Afghans fled to Pakistan and Iran

bull Another 2 million Afghans were displaced within the country

Russian Invasion

bull In the 1980s one out of two refugees in the world was an Afghan

bull Vital parts of the Afghan economy were destroyed including Irrigations systems to provide water for farming

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Afghanistan HistoryThis led to a long war

between Soviet troops and Afghan rebels (Mujahedeen)

The United States was supporting the Afghan rebels

In 1989 an alliance of Afghan rebel groups took power and the Soviet troops left

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The Talibanrsquos primary opposition was called the Northern Alliance and by 2001 the Northern Alliance had been pushed back to only 10 of Afghanistan to the north

Then as we all know the events of September 11th 2001

The United States knew that Osama Bin Laden was in Afghanistan and that we were going to go in there and get him

United States Invasion

bull In October of 2001 the United States invaded and in a short time by December of 2001 swept through and took control of the major cities and pushed the Taliban and Al Qaeda to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border and we helped to establish a new government that is in place today

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Compare and contrast the Russian and United States invasions

Do in a T-Chart or a Venn Diagram

On your Left Side

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

In 1979 Afghanistan was invaded and eventually controlled by the Soviet Union

In 1989 Afghanistan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement

In 1995 the Taliban promising traditional Islamic values came into power imposing strict Islamic law including revoking many womenrsquos rights

In 2001 American troops force the Taliban from power

In 2004 Hamid Karzai became the first elected Afghan president

Late 1970s-2004

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Taliban Rule

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Gained strength in 1995 Formed by Sunni Muslim Pashtun students

intellectuals and disaffected Mujaheddin (holy warriors)

Trained in Pakistan fundamentalists committed to lsquoSharia Lawrsquo

(the traditional Islamic law and moral code that prescribes how Muslims should best conduct their lives)

Who is the Taliban

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Under the Talibanrsquos rule human rights and civil liberties were slowly peeled away

bull The Taliban instituted cruel and inhumane treatment of those who opposed them in order to solidify their power over Afghanistanrsquos citizens

The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Turmoil in Afghanistan continued and in the mid-1990rsquos a radical Muslim group called the Taliban arose

The Taliban took over most of Afghanistan and ruled strictly

The Taliban forced women to wear veils and stop working outside the home

Afghanistan History

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Burka Fashion

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

AfghanistanTaliban came to

power in most Afghanistan by 1996

Osama bin Laden moved his terrorist activities there

Used mountain hideouts as a base of operations for his terrorist network called al-Qaeda

Map of Afghanistan in 1996 showing the amount of Taliban territory captured at that time (yellow) The Afghan Civil War commenced between 1996-2001 before coalition forces headed by the United States began air strikes against the Taliban

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The TalibanPrior to 2001 the Taliban led by Mullah Mohammad Omar ruled Afghanistan under Islamic law

During this time women had virtually no rights and received no education

Watching television and listening to music were forbidden as were playing games and sports

The United States entered Afghanistan in October 2001 and replaced the Taliban with an elected president

While the Taliban lost some power and the people regained some rights the Taliban has not gone away

Instead it has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistanrsquos poorest people and aligning itself with warlords al-Qaida and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters

Taliban Leader Mullah Mohammad Omar

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Examples of abuses three men accused of a crime had been sentenced to death by being partially buried in the ground and then having a wall pushed over on them by a bulldozer a bizarre and labor-intensive form of execution dreamed up by the supreme leader of the Taliban

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

After another accused criminal was hanged his corpse was driven around the city swinging from a crane

A young woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man who was not her relative was stoned to death

On another occasion it was announced over the airwaves that 225 women had been rounded up and sentenced to a lashing for violating the dress code

When the Taliban castrated and then hanged the former communist president and his brother in 1996 they left their bloodied bodies dangling from lampposts in busy downtown Kabul for three days

Photographs of the corpses appeared in news magazines and newspapers around the world

Abuses of Power

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The Taliban imposed their harsh brand of Islamic law in the 90 percent of Afghanistan under their control

The Taliban say their version of Islam is a pure one that follows a literal interpretation of the Muslim holy book The Koran

Under Taliban laws murderers were publicly executed by the relatives of their victims

Adulterers are stoned to death and the limbs of thieves were amputated

Lesser crimes were punished by public beatings

Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price

19

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Taliban executing a rebel on the spot

Dead bodies left in the street to rot by Taliban in Heart People forbidden to bury the bodies

Executions by the Taliban

20

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

There were almost weekly executions or amputations of criminals in the Kabul stadium before November 1999 when a woman was killed for hacking to death her abusive husband

The hiatus in public executions after that was attributed to a decline in crime in the capital

Public amputations amp executions

21

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Rules for Everyone

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

No television No music No movies No picnics No wedding parties No New Year celebrations No kind of mixed-sex gathering No childrens toys including dolls and kites No card and board games No cameras No photographs and paintings of people and animals No pet parakeets No cigarettes and alcohol No magazines and newspapers and most books They even forbade applause -- a moot point since there was nothing left to

applaud The only books available must be approved by the Taliban Enemies of the Taliban are put in jail Protesting is not permitted All windows must be painted black so that no-one is able to see inside Photographs are illegal

Rules for Everyone

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Bamyan Buddha before (left) After the explosion (right)

Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious Art

24

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Taliban Draws World Attention

In 2001 blew up ancient Buddhist statues (1500 years old) near city of Bamiyan

Allowed al-Qaeda amp Osama bin Laden to operate within the countryTo give one an idea of scale note the

two individuals sitting herehttpwwwusatodaycomnewssciencearchaeology2001-03-22-afghan-buddhashtm

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

February 27 1998 --Thirty-thousand men and boys poured into the sports stadium in Kabul capital of Afghanistan Nuts biscuits and tea were sold to the waiting crowd

The scheduled entertainment They were there to see a young woman receive 100 lashes and to watch two thieves have their right hands amputated The woman had been arrested walking with a man who was not a relative a sufficient crime for her to be found guilty of adultery Since she was single it was punishable by flogging had she been married she would have been publicly stoned to death

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

As the young woman completely covered in the shroud-like burqa veil was forced to kneel and then whipped Taliban cheerleaders had the stadium ringing with the chants of onlookers

Among those present there were just three women the young Afghan and two female relatives who had accompanied her

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The crowd fell silent only when the thieves were driven into the arena and pushed to the ground

Physicians using surgical scalpels promptly carried out the amputations Holding the severed hands aloft by the index fingers a grinning Taliban fighter warned the huge crowd These are the chopped-off hands of thieves the punishment for any of you caught stealingldquo

Then to restore the party atmosphere the thieves were driven in a jeep once around the stadium a flourish that brought the crowd to their feet as was intended

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

It would probably be quicker to list what the Taliban hadnt banned The regime even outlawed paper bags Like many of their laws this would be laughable if the penalties werent so severe

Break the Talibans law and you risked imprisonment flogging or worse

>

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Freedom from Fear

Freedom to Vote

Freedom of Speech

Freedom from Torture

Freedom of Choice

Freedom of Religion

Freedom from enslavement

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

May not work outside the homeMay not participate in any activity outside the home unless accompanied by her husband or male relative (no shopping walkinghellip)May not be treated by male doctorMay not study at any institutions including schools and universities

Taliban Rules for Womenbull Must wear the long veil (burqaburka) which covers them from head to toe

bull If found guilty of adultery will be publically stoned to death

bull May not laugh loudly ndash no stranger should hear a womanrsquos voice

bull May not wear high heels ndash no man should hear a womanrsquos footsteps

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Before During After

Women carried out businesses transactions

Education for women and their right to vote was introduced to the constitution in 1964

Job positions held by women- 70 teachers- 50 civil servants- 40 doctors

Taliban took over in the 1990rsquos

Restricted and violated womenrsquos right on education work and freedom of movement

Imposed harsh penalties on women for breaking such rules Eg public lashings

Restricted access to health care services

Strict dress code

Taliban was overthrown in 2001

Over one million girls are attending school

Access to health care services

Afghan government and NGO has set up programs to improve womenrsquos status and public participations

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Women were educated amp employed50 of students

70 of teachers 50 government workers40 of doctors

Prior To the Taliban

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

bull Before the Taliban took over women

had the right to education were

represented in government and

worked in offices

Forty percent of the countrys doctors

were women

Life for Women Before Taliban

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

No Rights At All Discrimination Against Afghanistan Women In Afganistan the year 1996 the Tailbanian took over and began their enforcement of laws mostly against women Some laws include

bull Girls over 12 must wear a burqa

bull Girls over 12 are forbidden to leave the home without a male relative and cannot go to WORK or SCHOOL

bull No video cassettes music cameras

bull No white socks

bull In every house where a women lives the windows must be painted black

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan

Taliban rules WomenMust always be escorted in public

by male relative and wearing burqa

Must not wear high heeled shoes (sound of womenrsquos footsteps excite men)

Cannot speak in publicWomen cannot be seen from street

mdashall ground and first floor windows must be painted over

No photography of womenPlace names not to be womenrsquosMay not appear on balconiesMay not appear in the media

Above a Taliban religious policeman beats a woman in for being in public without a male relative Left Afghan women are dressed in the burqa

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Must wear a burqa outside their home Must wear a burqa inside if a male is present

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

In public women

must be covered from

head to toe by a

burqa an oppressive

garment that has only

a tiny mesh opening

over the eyes

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Through the burga the woman is unable to breath or see properly

She is unable to feel the sunshine or receive beneficial vitamin C from the sun

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

View through a veil or burka which all Afghan women are required to wear outside the home

Restricted vision has reportedly caused numerous accidents involving vehicles and women pedestrians

View Through the Burka

43

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Since enforced veiling a growing number of women have been hit by vehicles because the burqa leaves them unable to walk fast or see where they are going

Once a Taliban tank rolled right over a veiled woman

Fortunately she fell between the tracks

Instead of being crushed to death she was not seriously hurt but was severely traumatized

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Laws under the Taliban

Its now illegal to wear makeup nail polish

jewelry pluck your eyebrows cut your hair

short wear colorful or stylish clothes sheer

stockings white socks and shoes high heel

shoes walk loudly talk loudly laugh in

public or to participate in sports

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

One woman had the top of her thumb amputated for the crime of wearing nail polish

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Female education from kindergarten through graduate school banned

Must do all of the household chores

Must not travel on a bus without a man or note authorizing permission

Employment for women banned

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

In fact the government didnt believe women should go out at all Women you should not step outside your residence read one of the Taliban dictates

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Beating women (left)Executing a woman publicly (right)

Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban

51

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

A young mother Torpeka was shot repeatedly by the Taliban while rushing her seriously ill toddler to a doctor

Veiled as the law requires she was spotted by a teenage Taliban guard who tried to stop her because she shouldnt have left her home

Afraid her child might die if she were delayed Torpeka kept going

The guard aimed his machine-gun and fired several rounds directly at her

She was hit but didnt die on the spot as she could have Instead Afghans watching the incident in the marketplace

stepped in and Torpeka and her child received prompt medical attention

When her family later complained to the Taliban authorities they were informed that it was the injured womans fault

She had no right being out in public in the first place

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The Taliban took control of

Kabul on Sept 26 1996 and

began a reign of terror

Because of the civil unrest

many Afghan women are

widows -- there are 30000 in

Kabul alone - without close

male relatives and they are the

sole supporters of their

children

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

15000 women in the Kabul region of Afghanistan are widows but the law of the Taliban the Islamic fundamentalist groups that rule the region forbids them from leaving their homes without a male family member as an escort (John MooreAP Photo)

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Yet by Taliban law they are unable to work to support the children or leave the house without a male family member to buy food

If there isnrsquot a male family member they face the possibility of a beating every time they leave their home

There are a few supplemental houses which provide free food to widows and orphans but many are forced to beg in the streets for money

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Thousands of Afghan war-widows have no other option but to beg to save their children from hunger Any Taliban man can flog these ill-fated women in the streets because most of them have to leave their houses without a close male relative

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Afghan women begging to survive

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Talibs like these boys are authorized to use weapons and whips on women if they decide any are breaking the Talibans repressive laws

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Taliban ldquoreligious policerdquo beating a woman in public

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Prohibited women and girls from

being examined by male physicians

while at the same time prohibited

most female doctors and nurses

from working

There were only a few selected

female doctors allowed to operate

in segregated wards

Medical Issues for Women

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

At one of the rare hospitals for women a

reporter found still nearly lifeless

bodies lying motionless on top of beds

wrapped in their burqua unwilling to

speak eat or do anything but slowly

wasting away

Others have gone mad and were seen

crouched in corners perpetually rocking

or crying most of them in fear

Medical Issues for Women

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Conditions were so deplorable for women under the Taliban that many became severely depressed

Without the resources to leave the country an increasing number were choosing suicide once rare there as a means of escape

Doctors are seeing a lot of esophageal burns Women are swallowing battery acid or poisonous household cleansers because they are easy to find But its a very painful way to die

Medical Issues for Women

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Women have died of treatable ailments because male doctors were not allowed to treat them

Many women now forcibly housebound have attempted suicide by swallowing household cleaner rather than continuing to live under these conditions

97 of Afghan women surveyed by Physicians for Human Rights exhibit signs of major depression

The Medical Results of a Taliban Rule

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

At a huge risk of women students continue their education in an underground school

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

A woman who dared to defy Taliban orders by running a home school for girls was shot and killed in front of her husband daughter and students

A woman caught trying to flee Afghanistan with a man not related to her was stoned to death for adultery

An elderly woman was brutally beaten with a metal cable until her leg was broken because her ankle was accidentally showing from underneath her burqa

The Consequences Breaking a Taliban Rule

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Although the new constitution guarantees equal rights an opportunities for both men and womenhellipthat is not always the case

Health careChild birth

highest maternal death ratein the world

Male doctorsMen amp boys take precedence

in the few emergency rooms that exist (very few hospitals after Taliban rule)

Unequal opportunities jobs divorce custody

Women Today

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Taliban Insurgencies ndash harsh policies for womenAfghanistanrsquos Human Rights Commission

1500 atrocities against women (2008)13 domestic violence cases200 forcibly married98 set themselves on fire100+ tried to commit suicide

by taking poisonIncreasing number of women

taking drugsJudgments against women (Jirgas)New ldquoRape Lawrdquo against Shiite women

Womenrsquos Problems

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Imagine your were an older woman who lived under the prior government and was used to all the freedoms

How would you feel now that you are under the control of the Taliban

How is your life differentExplain

On your Left Side

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The September 11 2001 terrorist attacks were traced to Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda network based in Afghanistan

Afghanistan History

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

On your Left SideWhat do your remember of Sept 11 2001Where were you

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Al-Qaeda Defined A very complex

organization that has been in existence since the late 1980rsquos

Commits acts of violence aimed at America and Western Allies

Al-Qaeda training camp

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

1989-95 Birth and DevelopmentAl-Qaeda starts in the aftermath of Soviet invasion

1987By 1989 begins to target AmericaRecruits from across the globe including AmericaNo solid base (Afghanistan Egypt Iraq) 1991-1996 primarily based in SudanMuch soldier training and a system of Hierarchy

stabilized (Bin Laden Deputy 5 committees)

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Conflict with bin Laden Escalates

Offers to raise a mujahidin army to defend Saudi Arabia from a potential invasion from Iraq in 1990

Saudi Arabia declines his offer opting instead to accept the assistance of the US and allow American troops (including women soldiers) in Saudi Arabia

Moves to Sudan by invitation of the Sudanese government in 1991

Supports several small to medium attacks against Western interests

Moves to Afghanistan in 1996 by invitation of the Taliban

Cruise missiles fired at al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan to kill bin Laden in 1998

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy

Soldiers operate in fast moving light forces Work in complete secrecy to complete complex strategic strikes

Avoids engagement in conventional fighting (forces are not strong enough)

Spreads rumors fear and discouragement among enemy forces

Relies on a force of over 20000 professionally trained soldiers throughout the world

The organizationrsquos strengths are itsrsquo secrecy extensive influence and planning

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988A Attacks 1 World Trade Center

ndash 19932 Tanzanian and

Kenyan US Embassies ndash 1998

3 USS Cole ndash 20004 World Trade Center

20015 Kenyan Hotel -20026 Bali nightclub ndash

20027 Many attacks in

Saudi Arabia ndash 2001-2004

8 Istanbul synagogue and HSBC bank ndash 2004

B Goals 1 to unite Muslims to

fight against the US as a way of defeating Israel

2 overthrowing non-Islamic regimes

3 expelling westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries

4 merged with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in 2001

5 merged with al-Zarqawirsquos group -2004

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Al Qaeda (cont)C Individuals1 Usama bin Laden2 Abu Musrsquoab al-

Zarqawi3 Ayman al-Zawahiri

D Financing1 personal wealth -

Usama2 fund raising ndashfalse

Muslim and humanitarian charities

3 wealthy Arab sheiks (Saudi Arabia)4 individuals and businesses 5 the heroin trade

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders

ldquoThe ruling to kill the Americans and their alliescivilians and militaryis an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it rdquo

Fatwa issued by Osama bin Laden amp Ayman al-Zawahiri on 23 February 1998

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

AfricaAl-Qaeda cells operate in

African countries as well1998 bombings occurred

at the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania leaving 200 dead and more than 5000 people injured

The US responded with missile strikes against terrorist facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan Bin Laden was based in Sudan from 1991-1996

Predator drones used to attack terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Usama or Osama bin Laden

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

I am not afraid of death I came here to die Some of my supporters followed me here just to die for the cause of Islam They are ready to defend me and to kill anyone who thinks of attacking our positions or sites Osama Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden

81

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The US government charges that Osama bin Laden heads an international terrorist network called Al Qaeda an Arabic word meaning the base

Al Qaeda

83

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Afghans did not carry out the terrorist attacks on the US Al-Qaeda a terrorist network operating within Afghanistan and other places did

Many Afghans expressed their solidarity with the people of the US after Sept 11

After September 11 the US invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban for sheltering Osama bin Laden

US and NATO forces remain in Afghanistan today

The link between September 11 and Afghanistan

httpwwwindiadailyorgimages9_11_attackjpg

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

Al-QaedaClaims responsibility for attack on USA

Taliban lets Al-Qaeda hide out in their county because they are allies

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

According to Bin Laden he is concerned withAmerican foreign policy towards and

American actions in the Muslim world US support for Israel in its ongoing theft of

Arab landUS support for corrupt and repressive

regimes in the Muslim world (Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states)

Post 911 the US has added to an already long list of Muslim grievances by occupying Afghanistan and Iraq

Why did these people want to attack America

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

According to Bin Laden he has never said that the attacks were are or will be because of American freedoms the rights of our citizens or even because of our religious differences

He has said that the reasons for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way the US and its allies treat the Muslim World

Why did these people want to attack America

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

The DestructionFuelmdashThe flights were near their start

therefore the tanks were full Explosions and fires weakened the skyscrapers and both towers fell within two hours

Pentagon damage confined to only one section of the building

Human Death Toll about 3000All passengersWTC workersvisitors340 NYC firefighters60 NYC police officers

Attack on the United States

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

American Airlines Flight 11

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit North

Tower (WTC 1) at 846 AM

92 on board

The hijackers

United Airlines Flight 175

Scheduled route Boston to LA

Aircraft Boeing 767Building Hit South

Tower (WTC 2) at 903 AM

65 on board

The hijackers

United Airlines Flight 175 crashes into the south tower

Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center (the planes are not drawn to scale)

Diagram of how parts of the airplanes fell to the ground

Map showing the attacks on the World Trade Center (the planes are not drawn to scale)

Diagram of how parts of the airplanes fell to the ground

Diagram of how parts of the airplanes fell to the ground

American Airlines Flight 77

Route Washington DC (Dulles) to LA

Aircraft Boeing 757Building Hit

Pentagon Arlington VA

58 on board

The hijackers

Aerial view of the Pentagon during rescue operations post-September 11 attack

United Airlines Flight 93 ldquoLetrsquos Rollrdquo

Scheduled Route Newark NJ to San Francisco

Aircraft Boeing 575Terrorists Target Speculated to

be Washington DCCrash Site Somerset County

PA44 on boardThe passengers revolted

against the hijackers and the aircraft crashed before reaching its intended target

The hijackers

United Airlines Flight 93 ldquoLetrsquos Rollrdquo

Scheduled Route Newark NJ to San Francisco

Aircraft Boeing 575Terrorists Target Speculated to

be Washington DCCrash Site Somerset County

PA44 on boardThe passengers revolted

against the hijackers and the aircraft crashed before reaching its intended target

The hijackers

If you had been on that planeHow would you have felt knowing your fateWhat would you have doneExplain

On your Left Side

Crash Site of United Flight 93

Crash Site of United Flight 93

2002-03 Regroup and PrivatizeThe full-scale war brought by America was

expectedAl-Qaeda groups become almost separate

working loosely with mother Al-Qaeda (Southeast Asia North America Europe Iraq North Africa and East Africa)

Aside from war in Iraq since 2002 groups have made attacks on the US and seven of our allies (18 major attacks in 11 countries)

Each Al-Qaeda group is strengthened by perceived injustices to that country (ie radical Egyptians in North Africa)

The Iraq ConnectionAbu Musab al-Zarqawi is believed to have

formed Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in Afghanistan during the 1980sMay have received some funds from al-Qaeda but

operated independentlyOriginal objective was to overthrow the Jordanian

government and establish an Islamic stateExpanded urban guerilla warfare in Iraq to

include terrorist tactics also targeting IraqisOfficially merged with al-Qaeda 21 October

2004 (finally providing an al-Qaeda connection to Iraq)

2001 Anthrax Attacks 5 deaths (including 2 postal workers) 17 infections Suspected perpetrator Bruce Edward Irvins

(died July 29 2008 of suicide after he was informed he would be prosecuted for murder) a microbiologist and vaccinologist who was supposed to develop vaccines against anthrax

However many people doubt the governmentrsquos conclusions about Irvins Some coworkers said they would have noticed him develop the anthrax that was used

One historian believes the anthrax Irvins developed was stolen by an al-Qaida sympathizer at George Mason University because of lax security

We will probably never know The cost of the cleanup to decontaminate

buildings where anthrax was found was about $1 billion

A letter sent to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle containing anthrax powder killed two postal workers

Targets ABC NewsCBS NewsNBC NewsNew York PostNational EnquirerSenatorsTom DaschlePatrick Leahy

The Iraq ConnectionAbu Musab al-Zarqawi is believed to have

formed Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in Afghanistan during the 1980sMay have received some funds from al-Qaeda but

operated independentlyOriginal objective was to overthrow the Jordanian

government and establish an Islamic stateExpanded urban guerilla warfare in Iraq to

include terrorist tactics also targeting IraqisOfficially merged with al-Qaeda 21 October

2004 (finally providing an al-Qaeda connection to Iraq)

2001 Anthrax Attacks 5 deaths (including 2 postal workers) 17 infections Suspected perpetrator Bruce Edward Irvins

(died July 29 2008 of suicide after he was informed he would be prosecuted for murder) a microbiologist and vaccinologist who was supposed to develop vaccines against anthrax

However many people doubt the governmentrsquos conclusions about Irvins Some coworkers said they would have noticed him develop the anthrax that was used

One historian believes the anthrax Irvins developed was stolen by an al-Qaida sympathizer at George Mason University because of lax security

We will probably never know The cost of the cleanup to decontaminate

buildings where anthrax was found was about $1 billion

A letter sent to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle containing anthrax powder killed two postal workers

Targets ABC NewsCBS NewsNBC NewsNew York PostNational EnquirerSenatorsTom DaschlePatrick Leahy

2001 Anthrax Attacks 5 deaths (including 2 postal workers) 17 infections Suspected perpetrator Bruce Edward Irvins

(died July 29 2008 of suicide after he was informed he would be prosecuted for murder) a microbiologist and vaccinologist who was supposed to develop vaccines against anthrax

However many people doubt the governmentrsquos conclusions about Irvins Some coworkers said they would have noticed him develop the anthrax that was used

One historian believes the anthrax Irvins developed was stolen by an al-Qaida sympathizer at George Mason University because of lax security

We will probably never know The cost of the cleanup to decontaminate

buildings where anthrax was found was about $1 billion

A letter sent to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle containing anthrax powder killed two postal workers

Targets ABC NewsCBS NewsNBC NewsNew York PostNational EnquirerSenatorsTom DaschlePatrick Leahy

FAA orders airlines to install bars on cockpit doors

Plain clothed sky marshals assigned to fly on planes

National Guard patrolled airportsAviation and Transportation Act (2001)mdash

airport security became the responsibility of the federal government ALL baggage (even checked baggage) is screened

Aviation Security

Why canrsquot we find Osama bin Laden or at least win and end the current war in Afghanistan

The rugged terrain makes it difficult to organize fight and rule people

Afghanistan Terrain causes Political Problems

Osama bin Laden evaded capture for almost 10 years

In the mean time the United States had engaged in wars in Iraq (looking for weapons of mass destruction) and in Afghanistan (against the Taliban who supported terrorism)

bin Laden was suspected of hiding out in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan

Hiding Out

Seeking Bin Laden ndash Tora Bora

109

Attacking Tora Bora

110

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Early on the CIA sought to identify al-Qaeda couriers (messengers who pass information) who might have contact with bin Laden

Detainees in the CIArsquos secret prison system revealed the name of an al-Qaeda courier with the pseudonym Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti

When No 3 al-Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured by the CIA he admitted knowing al-Kuwaiti but said he was not operating in al-Qaeda The CIA believed he was protecting the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 1

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Osama bin Laden evaded capture for almost 10 years

In the mean time the United States had engaged in wars in Iraq (looking for weapons of mass destruction) and in Afghanistan (against the Taliban who supported terrorism)

bin Laden was suspected of hiding out in the mountainous regions of Afghanistan

Hiding Out

Seeking Bin Laden ndash Tora Bora

109

Attacking Tora Bora

110

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Early on the CIA sought to identify al-Qaeda couriers (messengers who pass information) who might have contact with bin Laden

Detainees in the CIArsquos secret prison system revealed the name of an al-Qaeda courier with the pseudonym Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti

When No 3 al-Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured by the CIA he admitted knowing al-Kuwaiti but said he was not operating in al-Qaeda The CIA believed he was protecting the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 1

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Seeking Bin Laden ndash Tora Bora

109

Attacking Tora Bora

110

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Early on the CIA sought to identify al-Qaeda couriers (messengers who pass information) who might have contact with bin Laden

Detainees in the CIArsquos secret prison system revealed the name of an al-Qaeda courier with the pseudonym Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti

When No 3 al-Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured by the CIA he admitted knowing al-Kuwaiti but said he was not operating in al-Qaeda The CIA believed he was protecting the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 1

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Attacking Tora Bora

110

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Early on the CIA sought to identify al-Qaeda couriers (messengers who pass information) who might have contact with bin Laden

Detainees in the CIArsquos secret prison system revealed the name of an al-Qaeda courier with the pseudonym Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti

When No 3 al-Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured by the CIA he admitted knowing al-Kuwaiti but said he was not operating in al-Qaeda The CIA believed he was protecting the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 1

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Early on the CIA sought to identify al-Qaeda couriers (messengers who pass information) who might have contact with bin Laden

Detainees in the CIArsquos secret prison system revealed the name of an al-Qaeda courier with the pseudonym Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti

When No 3 al-Qaeda leader Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured by the CIA he admitted knowing al-Kuwaiti but said he was not operating in al-Qaeda The CIA believed he was protecting the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 1

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

In 2004 a top operative for al-Qaeda was captured in Iraq named Hassan Ghul

Ghul revealed to the CIA that al-Kuwaiti was indeed a key courier in the al-Qaida organization close to operational commander Faraj al-Libi

In May 2005 Faraj al-Libi was captured by the CIA but he adamantly denied that al-Kuwaiti was the secret courier

This convinced the CIA that he as well as Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was protecting the identity of the courier

Tracking Bin Laden 2

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

After years detainees revealed the real name of the courier al-Kuwaiti as Sheikh Abu Ahmed a Pakistani born in Kuwait

One detainee gave false information that Abu Ahmed was wounded fleeing US forces and died in his arms

But in the middle of 2010 Abu Ahmed used the telephone and his conversation was monitored by US officials

In August 2010 Abu Ahmed was tracked to the mysterious compound in Abbottabad

It had unusually high walls No one came or went There was no telephone or internet US authorities

became convinced that a high level terrorist was living there

Tracking Bin Laden 3

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

CIA aerial view of the bin Laden compound

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Politics President KarzaiPresident Hamid Karzai was the first elected president in the history of Afghanistan

He came to power after the Taliban was overthrown in late 2001

He was formally elected to a five-year term in 2004

Karzai has survived numerous assassination attempts and has been assigned the task of rebuilding Afghanistan

Some of the major problems he must address include providing the country with an infrastructure so that citizens have the basic necessities of life keeping the Taliban out of power and controlling the warlords who perpetuate the illegal drug trade

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Prime Minister Hamid Karzai (left)Deputy Premier Dr Sima Samar (right) ndash one of

two women in the government

President amp Female Ministers

116

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

If you were President Karzai what would be the top three changes or programs you would implement immediately in Afghanistan

Explain

On your Left Side

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Current Governmentbull Islamic Republicbull 3 branch system executive judicial legislativebull President Hamid Karzai elected 2004

bull Target of assassination attempt in September 2002

bull Karzairsquos one mission is to ldquobring peace to Afghanistanrdquo

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

War lords control large parts of Afghanistan When the Taliban were removed cooperation among war lords decreased

War Lords

119

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

Corruption very highbull 15 amp 176180 CPIbull Drug related (Opium) issues

are dominant bull History of unqualified appointeesbull Poor judiciary amp legal enforcement systemsbull Karzai amp other government officials accused of

using connections for profit including his brother

bull ldquoForeigners have defamed Afghanistan so badly in terms of corruption But its not as serious as they thinkrdquo

Government Corruption

ldquocorruption and inefficiency in Afghanistan were as much to blame as the Taliban insurgency for the countrys instabilityrdquo

frac12 said corruption had increased among officials and the police in Afghanistan

anti-corruption department and a more open government

Even More Corruption

How do you combat government corruption like this

Explain

On your Left Side

Recovering from decades of conflict

Has improved since the fall of the Taliban in 2001

Highly dependent on foreign aid

Instability inhibits economic growth

Economy of Afghanistan

- Budget sustainability- Job creation- Corruption- Rebuilding war-torn infrastructure

Economic Long-Term Challenges

-GDP 35 billion (2007)-GDP Real Growth Rate 75-GDP per capita $1000 (2007)

-Ranks 157th in the World-Inflation Rate 13-Unemployment Rate 40 (2005)-Labor Force approximately 15 million

-Agriculture 80 Industry 10 Services 10

Afghanistan- Economic Indicators

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

How do you combat government corruption like this

Explain

On your Left Side

Recovering from decades of conflict

Has improved since the fall of the Taliban in 2001

Highly dependent on foreign aid

Instability inhibits economic growth

Economy of Afghanistan

- Budget sustainability- Job creation- Corruption- Rebuilding war-torn infrastructure

Economic Long-Term Challenges

-GDP 35 billion (2007)-GDP Real Growth Rate 75-GDP per capita $1000 (2007)

-Ranks 157th in the World-Inflation Rate 13-Unemployment Rate 40 (2005)-Labor Force approximately 15 million

-Agriculture 80 Industry 10 Services 10

Afghanistan- Economic Indicators

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

Recovering from decades of conflict

Has improved since the fall of the Taliban in 2001

Highly dependent on foreign aid

Instability inhibits economic growth

Economy of Afghanistan

- Budget sustainability- Job creation- Corruption- Rebuilding war-torn infrastructure

Economic Long-Term Challenges

-GDP 35 billion (2007)-GDP Real Growth Rate 75-GDP per capita $1000 (2007)

-Ranks 157th in the World-Inflation Rate 13-Unemployment Rate 40 (2005)-Labor Force approximately 15 million

-Agriculture 80 Industry 10 Services 10

Afghanistan- Economic Indicators

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

- Budget sustainability- Job creation- Corruption- Rebuilding war-torn infrastructure

Economic Long-Term Challenges

-GDP 35 billion (2007)-GDP Real Growth Rate 75-GDP per capita $1000 (2007)

-Ranks 157th in the World-Inflation Rate 13-Unemployment Rate 40 (2005)-Labor Force approximately 15 million

-Agriculture 80 Industry 10 Services 10

Afghanistan- Economic Indicators

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

-GDP 35 billion (2007)-GDP Real Growth Rate 75-GDP per capita $1000 (2007)

-Ranks 157th in the World-Inflation Rate 13-Unemployment Rate 40 (2005)-Labor Force approximately 15 million

-Agriculture 80 Industry 10 Services 10

Afghanistan- Economic Indicators

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

Imports Capital goods food textiles petroleum

products

ExportsOpium fruits nuts hand-woven carpets wool

cotton precious gems

Imports and Exports

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

Lifeblood of Afghan economy 38 of GDP non-opium

agriculture12 of land is arable and

only half that is cultivatedAccounts for 80 of

workforceNot self-sufficient in

agriculture and must rely on food aid to meet domestic needs

Increasing agricultural production has been a focus of development efforts in Afghanistan

Agriculture

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

Greatest illicit opium producer in the world

In 2007 93 of the opiates on the world market originated in Afghanistan (export value of 4 billion)

High rate of return on investment from opium poppy cultivation has driven an agricultural shift in Afghanistan from growing traditional crops to growing opium poppy

Shortage of food and other crop production (wheat fruit nuts etc)

Opium

Opium Production

Unexploited mining territory

Geological surveys are incomplete additional energy and mineral deposits likely to be found

As economic conditions improve Afghanistan will be in a better position to attract investment

World Bank estimates value of mineral production could be $253 million compared to $60 million currently

Natural ResourcesMay be a key to long-term economic development

Produces natural gas copper ironHas deposits of marble salt gold and silver

Important and growing component in economy

Trade deficit Increased in recent years

as more development aid and equipment have entered country

Inflow of foreign aid is large enough to wipe out current deficit help to keep monetary conditions stable

Trade and Investment

Population 33609937 people

Age Breakdown

0-14 years 445 (male 7664670female 7300446) 15-64 years 53 (male 9147846female 8679800) 65 years and over 24 (male 394572female 422603)

Life Expectancy total population 4464 years male 4447 years female 4481 years

Median Age 176 years

Pop Growth Rate 2629

Birth Rate 4582 births1000 population

Death Rate 1956 deaths1000 population

Sex Ratio total population 105 male(s)female

The People

WHO ndash ldquoAfghanistans health status is one of the worst in the worldrdquo

HIVAIDS Percentage 001

This number is expected to rise as the number of drug users goes up (ie heroin opium)

Major Diseases bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever malaria rabies

Health Sector is dismal at best Lackshellip

infrastructure competent workers supplies open channels of communication terrible information systems

Health related expenses amount to 5 of GDP

1 doctor6000 patients

1 nurse2500 patients

Health

Updateimprove information systems

Restoreupdate facilities

Extend care to rural areas

Drug availabilityHire more trained

workersBoost efficiency of

response time to natural disasters

Improving the Healthcare System

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Important and growing component in economy

Trade deficit Increased in recent years

as more development aid and equipment have entered country

Inflow of foreign aid is large enough to wipe out current deficit help to keep monetary conditions stable

Trade and Investment

Population 33609937 people

Age Breakdown

0-14 years 445 (male 7664670female 7300446) 15-64 years 53 (male 9147846female 8679800) 65 years and over 24 (male 394572female 422603)

Life Expectancy total population 4464 years male 4447 years female 4481 years

Median Age 176 years

Pop Growth Rate 2629

Birth Rate 4582 births1000 population

Death Rate 1956 deaths1000 population

Sex Ratio total population 105 male(s)female

The People

WHO ndash ldquoAfghanistans health status is one of the worst in the worldrdquo

HIVAIDS Percentage 001

This number is expected to rise as the number of drug users goes up (ie heroin opium)

Major Diseases bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever malaria rabies

Health Sector is dismal at best Lackshellip

infrastructure competent workers supplies open channels of communication terrible information systems

Health related expenses amount to 5 of GDP

1 doctor6000 patients

1 nurse2500 patients

Health

Updateimprove information systems

Restoreupdate facilities

Extend care to rural areas

Drug availabilityHire more trained

workersBoost efficiency of

response time to natural disasters

Improving the Healthcare System

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Population 33609937 people

Age Breakdown

0-14 years 445 (male 7664670female 7300446) 15-64 years 53 (male 9147846female 8679800) 65 years and over 24 (male 394572female 422603)

Life Expectancy total population 4464 years male 4447 years female 4481 years

Median Age 176 years

Pop Growth Rate 2629

Birth Rate 4582 births1000 population

Death Rate 1956 deaths1000 population

Sex Ratio total population 105 male(s)female

The People

WHO ndash ldquoAfghanistans health status is one of the worst in the worldrdquo

HIVAIDS Percentage 001

This number is expected to rise as the number of drug users goes up (ie heroin opium)

Major Diseases bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever malaria rabies

Health Sector is dismal at best Lackshellip

infrastructure competent workers supplies open channels of communication terrible information systems

Health related expenses amount to 5 of GDP

1 doctor6000 patients

1 nurse2500 patients

Health

Updateimprove information systems

Restoreupdate facilities

Extend care to rural areas

Drug availabilityHire more trained

workersBoost efficiency of

response time to natural disasters

Improving the Healthcare System

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

WHO ndash ldquoAfghanistans health status is one of the worst in the worldrdquo

HIVAIDS Percentage 001

This number is expected to rise as the number of drug users goes up (ie heroin opium)

Major Diseases bacterial and protozoal diarrhea hepatitis A and typhoid fever malaria rabies

Health Sector is dismal at best Lackshellip

infrastructure competent workers supplies open channels of communication terrible information systems

Health related expenses amount to 5 of GDP

1 doctor6000 patients

1 nurse2500 patients

Health

Updateimprove information systems

Restoreupdate facilities

Extend care to rural areas

Drug availabilityHire more trained

workersBoost efficiency of

response time to natural disasters

Improving the Healthcare System

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Updateimprove information systems

Restoreupdate facilities

Extend care to rural areas

Drug availabilityHire more trained

workersBoost efficiency of

response time to natural disasters

Improving the Healthcare System

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

39 of children under age five are underweight

48 of children under age five are under height

61 of the population is without sustainable access to an improved water source

Access to safe water 23 Access to adequate sanitation

12 In 2001 8 of poprsquon had access

to basic healthcare Most used alternative

healthcare ie Midwives

Why

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

7 yoEats breakfast 7AM every

morning1 loaf of bread lasts her her

two brothers and her parents 3 days

10 AM gets 12 small biscuits from school Eats 6 brings home the rest to family

Lunchtime goes home and has bread with some oil

9PM eats bread with a little yogurt for dinner

Rahera amp Malnutrition

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

More than 10 million children have suffered under 10 years of drought and civil warAfghanistan ranks

number 1 in worldwide maternal mortality

One in three Afghan children is an orphan

Almost half of Afghan children suffer from chronic malnutrition

Suffer the Little Children

136

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Looking in garbage (above left)

Picking wheat grains from ground (below)

Hungry Children

137

Kids wait in line for food aid (right)

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

50 of pop is under 18UNICEF says 30 of primary school aged

children are working21 of child laborers work in shops13 work as street vendors

Poverty is the driving forceParents canrsquot pay for schoolingOpportunity cost of schooling is high

Child Labor

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Two Types Religious Schooling Secular Schooling (introduced in

1964)Post-Taliban resurgence in

educationSchools are in a disarray though

funding is limited and unstableSecurity of Schools is a problem

Taliban destroy secular schools Illiteracy 56 men 87 women

Hinderance in workforce

Education

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Rights of women enshrined in the new Constitution

Women can participate in every walk of life91 of 361 members of Parliament are women

It is becoming ok to talk about forced marriages rapes honor killings etcHuman rights groups are starting to document and

publicize atrocitiesGroups amp campaigns fighting

for Muslim womenrsquos rightsPolygamy inheritance custody

consent to marryInternational attention

ldquoRape Lawrdquo to be amendedRights groups around the world

Hope

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

As of today Afghanistan is still a LDCSecurity against Taliban is shakeyUS troop deploymentTaliban are numerous amp attack the few govrsquot

services availableTheir goal is to demoralize the country amp

international community 2100 Afghanirsquos dead from insurgent attacks

Security amp Overall Well-Being

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

As of 2006 Afghanirsquos are feeling hopelessSurveyed 1000 citizens from 13 provinces

and balanced the different ethnic groupsSurveyed on Pillars of Reconstruction

SecurityGovernanceJusticeEconomic OpportunitySocial Well-Being

Afghanistan An Evaluation

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

Kals Cartoonshttpwwwkaltoonscomwordpress200912kal-economist-afghanistan-cartoons

After watching the DVD and this lecture what do you think is the best way for Afghanistan to get back on its feet

Explain

On your Left Side

• Afghanistan
• History of Afghanistan
• Afghanistan and the Cold War
• Afghanistan History
• Russian Invasion
• Afghanistan History (2)
• United States Invasion
• On your Left Side
• Late 1970s-2004
• Taliban Rule
• Who is the Taliban
• The Taliban (Talib is Arabic for lsquoIslamic studentrsquo)
• Afghanistan History (3)
• Burka Fashion
• Afghanistan
• The Taliban
• Slide 17
• Abuses of Power
• Taliban brought order and fundamental Islam at a price
• Executions by the Taliban
• Public amputations amp executions
• Slide 22
• Rules for Everyone
• Taliban intolerant destruction of Historic Buddhist Religious A
• Taliban Draws World Attention
• Slide 26
• Treatment of Women under Taliban Rule
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Slide 33
• Taliban Rules for Women
• Slide 35
• Prior To the Taliban
• Life for Women Before Taliban
• Slide 38
• Treatment of Women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan
• Slide 40
• Slide 41
• Slide 42
• View Through the Burka
• Slide 44
• Slide 45
• Slide 46
• Slide 47
• Slide 48
• Slide 49
• Slide 50
• Harsh Treatment of Women by Taliban
• Slide 52
• Slide 53
• Slide 54
• Slide 55
• Slide 56
• Slide 57
• Slide 58
• Slide 59
• Slide 60
• Medical Issues for Women
• Medical Issues for Women (2)
• Slide 63
• Slide 64
• Slide 65
• Women Today
• Womenrsquos Problems
• On your Left Side (2)
• Afghanistan History (4)
• Slide 70
• On your Left Side (3)
• Al-Qaeda Defined
• 1989-95 Birth and Development
• Conflict with bin Laden Escalates
• Al-Qaedarsquos Strategy
• Al Qaeda - Formed in 1988
• Al Qaeda (cont)
• International Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders
• Africa
• Usama or Osama bin Laden
• Osama Bin Laden
• Slide 82
• Al Qaeda
• The link between September 11 and Afghanistan
• Al-Qaeda
• Slide 86
• Why did these people want to attack America
• Why did these people want to attack America (2)
• Attack on the United States
• American Airlines Flight 11
• United Airlines Flight 175
• Slide 92
• Slide 93
• Slide 94
• American Airlines Flight 77
• Aerial view of the Pentagon during rescue operations post-Septe
• United Airlines Flight 93 ldquoLetrsquos Rollrdquo
• On your Left Side
• Crash Site of United Flight 93
• 2002-03 Regroup and Privatize
• The Iraq Connection
• 2001 Anthrax Attacks
• Aviation Security
• Slide 104
• Afghanistan Terrain causes Political Problems
• Hiding Out
• Slide 107
• Slide 108
• Seeking Bin Laden ndash Tora Bora
• Attacking Tora Bora
• Tracking Bin Laden 1
• Tracking Bin Laden 2
• Tracking Bin Laden 3
• Slide 114
• Politics President Karzai
• President amp Female Ministers
• On your Left Side (4)
• Current Government
• War Lords
• Government Corruption
• Even More Corruption
• On your Left Side (5)
• Economy of Afghanistan
• Economic Long-Term Challenges
• Afghanistan- Economic Indicators
• Imports and Exports
• Agriculture
• Opium Production
• Natural Resources
• Trade and Investment
• The People
• Health
• Improving the Healthcare System
• Why
• Rahera amp Malnutrition
• Suffer the Little Children
• Hungry Children
• Child Labor
• Education
• Hope
• Security amp Overall Well-Being
• Afghanistan An Evaluation
• Slide 143
• Slide 144
• Slide 145
• On your Left Side (6)