The Rise of The Rise of Nation StatesNation States

In EuropeIn Europe

• In the Late Medieval Period, In the Late Medieval Period, European monarchies European monarchies consolidated powerconsolidated power and and began forming nation-states.began forming nation-states.• Nation-state = political Nation-state = political

organization that has its own organization that has its own independentindependent government government

Nation-state vs. City-state Nation-state vs. City-state Same Same IndependentIndependent political entities. political entities.

Different Different Nation-States Nation-States control a much control a much largerlarger territory.territory.

What is a Nation-StatesWhat is a Nation-States

Nation-StateNation-StateBonds that create a nation-state

NationalityLanguage

CultureHistoryReligionTerritory

Nation-StateDefends the nation’s territoryRepresents nation to rest of worldEmbodies people and its ideals

Nation-StatesNation-States• European kings, intent on European kings, intent on

building a nation-state, building a nation-state, expanded their territoriesexpanded their territories and consolidated their and consolidated their power.power.

EnglandEngland

EnglandEngland•William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

• Not accepted by Anglo-Not accepted by Anglo-Saxons, William Saxons, William defeated defeated Harold of Harold of Wessex’sWessex’s army at the army at the Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings to to take crowntake crown

• Crowned King William I Crowned King William I of England in 1066of England in 1066

EnglandEngland• William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

• Leader of the Leader of the Norman ConquestNorman Conquest (from what becomes France)(from what becomes France)

• UnitedUnited most of England most of England• William kept records of the types William kept records of the types

and value of property in books and value of property in books called the called the Doomsday BooksDoomsday Books

England about 878

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTIon_U9jik&list=PLF78AEA66545C9BCE&index=7

England after the Norman Conquest

EnglandEnglandCommon lawCommon law

(law made by (law made by court decisions) court decisions) has its has its beginnings beginnings during the reign during the reign of Henry IIof Henry II

EnglandEnglandKing John King John

Considered one of Considered one of the the worst kingsworst kings in in English historyEnglish history

Signed the Signed the Magna Magna CartaCarta Limited the powerLimited the power

of the kingof the kingCertain liberties to Certain liberties to

freedmanfreedman

Evolution of ParliamentEvolution of Parliament1066 – William of Normandy began the 1066 – William of Normandy began the Feudal Feudal systemsystem and asked advice from his tenants-in- and asked advice from his tenants-in-chief before making decisions.chief before making decisions.1215 – Tenants-in-chief made King John sign 1215 – Tenants-in-chief made King John sign the Magna Carta limiting the power of the the Magna Carta limiting the power of the monarchmonarchGradually his Gradually his royal councilroyal council developed into the developed into the parliament.parliament. Parliament was divided into Parliament was divided into 22 houses houses

House of House of LordsLords & House of & House of CommonsCommons Parliament has worked over time to limit the power of Parliament has worked over time to limit the power of

the monarchy and Parliament power increases.the monarchy and Parliament power increases.

EnglandEnglandThe The Hundred Hundred Years’ WarYears’ War between between England and England and France defined France defined England as a England as a nationnation

FranceFrance

FranceFranceHugh CapetHugh Capet established the established the French throne in French throne in Paris and his Paris and his dynastydynasty gradually expanded gradually expanded their control over the their control over the rest of Francerest of France

France about 893France about 893

FranceFranceJoan of Arc Joan of Arc

Helped to Helped to unify unify FranceFrance

Led many armiesLed many armies to to victory during the victory during the Hundred Years War.Hundred Years War.

Burned at the stakeBurned at the stake as a Heretic.as a Heretic.

FranceFrance

The Hundred Year’s War The Hundred Year’s War between between England and England and FranceFrance helped define helped define France as a nation.France as a nation.

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarCausesCauses

1.1.Long term conflict between Long term conflict between England and France, England and France, mostly over mostly over English control English control of landsof lands claimed by France claimed by France

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarCausesCauses

2.2.The desire by French kings The desire by French kings to to expand their powerexpand their power

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarCausesCauses

3.3.Edward IIIEdward III of England of England claimed to be the King of claimed to be the King of France in 1337.France in 1337.

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarCausesCauses

4.4.Rivalry over tradeRivalry over trade – – economic rivalry.economic rivalry.

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarCausesCauses

5.5.Each nation had a growing Each nation had a growing sense of themselves as sense of themselves as unique from one another. unique from one another. Growing Growing patriotism or patriotism or national pridenational pride..

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarEffectsEffects

1.1.French kings do French kings do expand expand their powertheir power

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarEffectsEffects

2.2.English kings lost powerEnglish kings lost power (mostly over the kingdoms’ (mostly over the kingdoms’ finances - power of the finances - power of the purse) purse) to Parliamentto Parliament

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarEffectsEffects

3.3.English lost their holdEnglish lost their hold over over those disputed French those disputed French landslands

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarEffectsEffects

4.4.New military technology is New military technology is developed – developed – England – England – Longbow; France - cannonLongbow; France - cannon

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ WarEffectsEffects

5.5.With the rise of gunpowder With the rise of gunpowder weaponry, weaponry, castles and castles and knights are obsoleteknights are obsolete..

RussiaRussia

Mongol conquestMongol conquest Golden Horde, led by Golden Horde, led by

Ghengis Khan, conquered Ghengis Khan, conquered early Russia.early Russia.

Massive destruction Massive destruction occurred; towns were occurred; towns were destroyed and people were destroyed and people were killed. (Kiev destroyed!)killed. (Kiev destroyed!)

Russia was in state of Russia was in state of decline and cut off from decline and cut off from Western Europe under Western Europe under Mongol rule.Mongol rule.

RussiaRussia

Mongol conquestMongol conquest Moscow grew in importance after Kiev’s destruction.Moscow grew in importance after Kiev’s destruction. Church grew more powerful because the Mongols Church grew more powerful because the Mongols

tolerated the Eastern Orthodox Church.tolerated the Eastern Orthodox Church. Trade routes between China and Eastern Europe Trade routes between China and Eastern Europe

opened up.opened up.

RussiaRussia

Emergence of RussiaEmergence of Russia Princes gained more power under Mongol Princes gained more power under Mongol

rule and adapted the Mongol leadership rule and adapted the Mongol leadership model of absolute rule.model of absolute rule.

RussiaRussia

RussiaRussiaIvan the Great Ivan the Great drove the Mongols drove the Mongols outout of Russia, of Russia, centralized powercentralized power in Moscow and in Moscow and expanded (united) expanded (united) the Russian the Russian nation.nation.

RussiaRussia

•Ivan the Great took Ivan the Great took the title czar (Caesar), the title czar (Caesar), and vowed to carry on and vowed to carry on the traditions of Rome the traditions of Rome and Constantinople.and Constantinople.

RussiaRussiaMoscow became the Moscow became the

capital of Russiacapital of RussiaAs the traditions of As the traditions of

Rome and Rome and Constantinople are Constantinople are carried on, Moscow in carried on, Moscow in Russia became known Russia became known as the “Third Rome.”as the “Third Rome.”

RussiaRussia•The religion of The religion of the Russians was the Russians was of course, of course, the the Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodox ChurchChurch, which , which helped to helped to unify unify the nationthe nation

SOL Review QuestionSOL Review QuestionWhat civilization have we studied that most influenced art and architecture, (like this church - St. Basil’s) in Russia?

SpainSpain

SpainSpainFerdinand and Isabella unified Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and the country and expelled all the expelled all the Jews and Muslim MoorsJews and Muslim Moors in in 1492.1492.

SpainSpainSpanish empire Spanish empire expanded into expanded into the Western the Western HemisphereHemisphere (the (the Americas) Americas) especially under especially under Charles V.Charles V.