Rise of the Rise of the Roman Catholic Roman Catholic

ChurchChurchRefer to Pages 179-183Refer to Pages 179-183

Guiding Question:Guiding Question:

What conditions helped to What conditions helped to establish the Roman Catholic establish the Roman Catholic Church as Church as thethe major authority major authority and how did the Church and how did the Church establish and maintain spiritual establish and maintain spiritual and political hegemony and political hegemony throughout the Middle Ages?throughout the Middle Ages?

HegemonyHegemony: : 1.1. leadership or predominant influence leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation. in a confederation.

2.2. leadership; predominance. leadership; predominance.

3.3. (esp. among smaller nations) (esp. among smaller nations) aggression or expansionism by large aggression or expansionism by large nations in an effort to achieve world nations in an effort to achieve world domination. domination.

The prominance of the The prominance of the Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church

rose out of the ashes of the rose out of the ashes of the fallen Roman Empire…fallen Roman Empire…

Represented order and authorityRepresented order and authority Preserved elements of classical Preserved elements of classical

cultureculture Filled power vaccuumFilled power vaccuum

““churchchurch”” vs. vs. ““ChurchChurch””

church (lowercase church (lowercase ““cc ””) – individual ) – individual communitiescommunities

Church (uppercase Church (uppercase ““cc ””) – Body of ) – Body of ChristChrist

““catholiccatholic”” – universal – universal Institution of the Church became the One Institution of the Church became the One

Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

Guiding Question:Guiding Question:

Is the Church today, primarily a Is the Church today, primarily a spiritual union or a physical spiritual union or a physical institution? Do you think this is how institution? Do you think this is how it it oughtought to be? to be?

““HeadshipHeadship”” of the Church of the Church gave rise to its role as gave rise to its role as the the

universal spiritual authorityuniversal spiritual authority

• The question is: How did the The question is: How did the Roman Church become the Roman Church become the ““headhead””

of the church?of the church?

Influence of Leo IInfluence of Leo I Persuaded Attila to Persuaded Attila to

spare Romespare Rome Hailed as Hailed as papapapa or or

pope (father-pope (father-protector)protector)

““FatherFather””-figure -figure translated to translated to ““fathefatherr ”” of all churches of all churches

Petrine TheoryPetrine Theory Matthew 16:18-19Matthew 16:18-19““And I tell you that you And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this are Peter, and on this rock I will build my rock I will build my church, and the gates church, and the gates of Hades will not of Hades will not overcome it. I will give overcome it. I will give you the keys of the you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on whatever you bind on earth will be bound in earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.be loosed in heaven.””

The ChurchThe Church’’s s teachingsteachings and and practicepractice further further establish it as the establish it as the spiritual authority.spiritual authority.

WHY?WHY?

Middle Ages as Middle Ages as ““Age of FaithAge of Faith”” Illiteracy leads to reliance on the Illiteracy leads to reliance on the

ChurchChurch Roman Church as mediator between Roman Church as mediator between

God and HumansGod and Humans Guardian of TruthGuardian of Truth Interpreter of ScriptureInterpreter of Scripture

Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Sacramental SystemSacramental System

A A sacramentsacrament is a religious act that is a religious act that grants grace (salvation)grants grace (salvation)

Core of worshipCore of worship Requirement of salvationRequirement of salvation

BaptismBaptism

Initiates one into the church by Initiates one into the church by ““washing away original sin.washing away original sin.””

Confirmation Confirmation (Receiving of the Holy (Receiving of the Holy

Spirit)Spirit) Brings one into full fellowship with Brings one into full fellowship with

the church and confers upon him the the church and confers upon him the Holy Spirit to strengthen his Holy Spirit to strengthen his spiritual life.spiritual life.

PenancePenance

ContritionContrition ConfessionConfession SatisfactionSatisfaction AbsolutionAbsolution

Holy EucharistHoly Eucharist

SacrificeSacrifice MassMass TransubstantiationTransubstantiation

MatrimonyMatrimony

Unites a man and woman as Unites a man and woman as husband and wifehusband and wife

Holy OrdersHoly Orders

Sets an individual Sets an individual apart for the apart for the service of the service of the church by church by ordaining him into ordaining him into the priesthood.the priesthood.

Extreme Unction (Last Extreme Unction (Last Rites)Rites)

Anointing or Anointing or blessing to an ill or blessing to an ill or dying person to dying person to grant absolution of grant absolution of sins and offer sins and offer spiritual comfort.spiritual comfort.

The Church claimed the The Church claimed the exclusiveexclusive rightright to administer the Sacraments… to administer the Sacraments…

… …And therefore the right to maintain And therefore the right to maintain itself as the only true spiritual itself as the only true spiritual

authority.authority.

““WarriorsWarriors”” of the Church of the Church

Laity = Common peopleLaity = Common people Clergy = Servants of the ChurchClergy = Servants of the Church

Secular clergySecular clergy Regular clergyRegular clergy

MonasticismMonasticism

MonasticismMonasticism

Benedictine Rule:Benedictine Rule:

"We must, then, prepare our "We must, then, prepare our hearts and bodies for the battle hearts and bodies for the battle of holy obedience to his of holy obedience to his instructions. [T]herefore we instructions. [T]herefore we intend to establish a school for intend to establish a school for the Lord's service." - The Rule's the Lord's service." - The Rule's ProloguePrologue

"These [the list of Biblical "These [the list of Biblical principles Benedict just laid principles Benedict just laid out, such as not being proud, out, such as not being proud, not paying back evil for evil, not paying back evil for evil, and never losing hop of God's and never losing hop of God's mercy], then, are the tools of mercy], then, are the tools of the spiritual craft. When we the spiritual craft. When we have used them without have used them without ceasing day and night and have ceasing day and night and have returned them on judgment returned them on judgment day, our wages will be the day, our wages will be the reward the Lord has promised: reward the Lord has promised: What the eye has not seen nor What the eye has not seen nor the ear heard, God has the ear heard, God has prepared for those who love prepared for those who love him him (1 Cor 2:9)." (1 Cor 2:9)."

Missionary ClergyMissionary Clergy

St. Patrick St. Patrick

St. BonifaceSt. Boniface

And whoAnd who’’s the head of the clergy?s the head of the clergy?

… …ThatThat’’s right, the POPE!s right, the POPE!