Rise, Spread and Pillars of Islam The Rise and Spread of
Islam
Slide 2
Why are so many of the surviving buildings from the Middle
Ages, Mosques?
Slide 3
Lets have a look at some of the earliest Mosques
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Quba Mosque, Medina - 622 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Huaisheng Mosque, Guangzhou, China - 627 Insert Photo of
Mosque
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Old Jumma Masjid, Kilakarai, India - 628 Insert Photo of
Mosque
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Great Mosque of Kufa, Iraq - 639 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Mosque of Uqba, Kairouan, Tunisia - 670 Insert Photo of
Mosque
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Mosque of Amr Ibn al-As, Egypt - 641 Insert Photo of
Mosque
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Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem - 705 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Umayyad Mosque, Syria - 715 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Great Mosque of Diyarbakir, Turkey - 1091 Insert Photo of
Mosque
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Cordoba Mosque, Spain - 784 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Dzhumaya Mosque, Bulgaria c. 1363 Insert Photo of Mosque
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Are there any areas that overlap? What are the similarities?
What is the major difference between the spread in both maps? What
do you think the impact of the later arriving Muslims had on the
originally Christian communities? Have a look at your map and
compare it with your map of Christian Churches.
Slide 16
Understanding Islam For the west, much of the history of Islam
has been obscured behind a veil of fear and misunderstanding
(Islam: Empire of Faith) What do you think this statement means? Do
you agree/disagree with the statement? What does the word Islam
mean to you? What do you know about Islam?
Slide 17
Understanding Islam We are going to be learning about Islam and
the history of the rise and spread of Islam. To do this you will
first be introduced to some basic terms that you may/may not be
familiar with. Belief SystemChristianityIslam Where do people
worship? 1. What is the holy book called? 1. What day of the week
do followers worship on? 1. Important leader/diety associated with
belief system? 2. Quran Jesus (pbuh) God Mosque Sunday Church
Muhammad (pbuh) Friday God Bible
Slide 18
Understanding Islam We will be watching Part 1 of Islam: Empire
of Faith titled The Messenger. This documentary will provide an
introduction to Muhammad (pbuh). After viewing the video, you will
be required to complete a vocabulary check, so make sure you record
any new words. You will also have a timeline to complete;
highlighting Muhammads life and events happening at the same time,
so take accurate notes. Also take notes on the growth of Islam as
this is a key component of our topic.
Slide 19
Understanding Islam The following timings might help you to
plan and focus your notes: 5:00 Muhammad is born 6:01 Age 6 events
12:30 Muhammad as a merchant 13:40 Muhammad (some characteristics)
15:10 Visions 16:40 His message 18:45 Voice of a poet, or voice of
God? 19:55 Sceptics 23:50 Following increases 24:00 Tribal leaders
response to Muhammad's message 25:25 How are Muhammad's followers
treated 25:45 Muhammad's personal losses 26:10 Muhammad asked to
negotiate 27:50 A new calendar 28:20 Treatment of those with other
beliefs 30:00 Muhammad's revelation relating to prayer (where to
face) 31:30 Enemies join forces against Muslims 33:55 Tide of
battles turn in favour of Muslims 36:25 Muhammad's troops after
victory circle the Kaaba 37:30 Idols destroyed in Kaaba-response by
Bedouins 38:55 Muhammad dies 39:48 Who will succeed Muhammad? 40:45
Growth of Islam after Muhammad
Slide 20
After viewing... What have you learnt? Have any of our
misconceptions been cleared up? What are some new words? Vocabulary
Test... You may work in pairs! Timeline Activity... Individual or
Pairs
Slide 21
Parallel Timeline Most timelines show dates from a single
person, event, or culture. There are also timelines that show links
between cultural or geographic groups. These "linked timelines" are
parallel timelines, because they show parallels between time
periods. You will be creating a timeline comparing Muhammad's life
from 570CE (Muhammad's birth) to 632CE (Muhammad's death) with
other events that were occurring at the same time outside of the
Arabian Peninsula. These other events should be related to another
person, another culture, or another geographic region. Plot the
events near the appropriate dates on the timeline. Summarize the
events in your own words. Have a minimum of eight events on each
portion of the timeline. (Eight for Muhammad, and eight for the
other person, culture or geographic region.) Create three visuals
for events relating to Muhammad, and three for the other portion of
the timeline. The visuals need to show a clear connection to the
events they represent. Use colour and place visuals close to the
events on the timeline.
Slide 22
Muhammads Life (pbuh) Europe568 570 A new Barbarian invasion
brought the Lombards of Alboin to Italy. They reached as far as the
southern regions and built a large kingdom, with its capital at
Pavia, which was to last for two hundred years. Muhammad (pbuh) is
born.
Slide 23
Belief System of Islam vs Christianity Now that you understand
more about the origins of Islam and some of the key terms, you will
need to look into how Islam and Christianity are similar/different.
This will also give you more of an insight into the belief systems
of each religion. You will be given a comparison sheet to work on
in pairs, you need to try to fill in as many answers as you can.
The answers that you dont know will need to be divided between you
and your partner and research will be conducted to complete the
sheet. You need to try to use websites that are written by the
respective religions to answer each section.
Slide 24
Comparison of Islam and Christianity Aspect of
ReligionIslamChristianity Founded by/Leaders Date Founded Where
Founded Major Branches Bible Respected as word of the prophets, but
the Bible has been corrupted through the centuries and is only
correct in so far as it agrees with the Quran Quran The work of
Muhammad. It is not inspired, nor is it scripture. There is no
verification for its accurate transmission from the original. Basic
Beliefs Major Rituals or Practices Religious Law/Commands Leaving
the Faith God and Trinity
Slide 25
The Spread of Islam
Slide 26
Mapping the Spread of Islam On your blank map, use a bright
colour to mark in Christendom (outline only, do not colour
in).
Slide 27
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire With the collapse of the
Roman Empire and emergence of the Christian Byzantine Empire, a new
power was arriving. In a second bright colour, outline the
Byzantine Empire.
Slide 28
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire The land of Arabia was
originally polytheistic. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in
Mecca c. 570CE. Muhammad (pbuh) converted to monotheism in 610CE
and started to preach a new religion. This religion drew from and
expanded on Judaism and Christianity. His new beliefs angered local
officials, so he and his followers fled to Medina in 622CE, this
marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar. Muhammad (pbuh)
encouraged more people to follow his religion and in 630CE they
returned to Mecca and peacefully captured the city. When Muhammad
(pbuh) died in 632CE, most of Arabia had accepted or been forced to
accept Islam, and had therefore been united.
Slide 29
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire Islamic Empire under Caliph
Abu Bakr
Slide 30
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire After spreading throughout
the Arabian peninsula, Islam looked towards the lands of the
Byzantines. The expansion of Islam into Egypt and northern Africa
was completed through militarism, but in other areas, Islam was
spread through trade and commerce. This era of expansion came under
the Rashidun Caliphate. Next, Islam expanded into the Caucasus
(Turkey, Iran, Russia), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,
Tajikistan), Pakistan, Northwest Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.
This was achieved by the Umayyad Caliphate. This was now the
largest empire the world had seen and it is still the 5 th largest
empire in history.
Slide 31
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire Expansion under Muhammad,
622632, Expansion during the Rashidun Caliphs, 632661,Expansion
during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661750 The Caliphate, 622750
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Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire
Slide 33
Examine your map and the markings of Byzantine Empire and
Christendom and your recent additions of the Islamic Caliphates up
to the Umayyad Caliphate. What do you notice is similar? What is
different? What has happened to religious worship in the Middle
Ages?
Slide 34
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire During the Umayyad Dynasty,
local Jews and indigenous Christians (persecuted and taxed heavily
to finance Byzantine-Persian wars) often aided Muslims to take
control of Byzantine land this assisted in the fast spread of
Islam. Due to the Medina Constitution, the newly conquered Jews and
Christians followed their own laws and had their own judges.
Towards the end of the Umayyad Dynasty, the Abbasid Caliphs rose to
power, claiming they had a greater right to rule as they were a
closer descendant of Muhammad (pbuh).
Slide 35
Birth of Islam and Islamic Empire During the Abbasid Dynasty
(750-1261), more people started converting to Islam. At the end of
the Umayyad Dynasty, approximately 10% of people in the lands held
were Muslim. During the Abbasid Dynasty the Muslim population grew
from 40% at the end of the 9 th C to 100% at the end of the 11 th
C. Early European sources tend to claim the conversion to Islam was
encouraged through the use of the sword, when in reality it was
predominantly voluntary. Turkic tribes in central Asia and
communities throughout Africa converted to Islam through the
influence of trade and commerce. The Abbasid Dynasty is known as
the Golden Age of Islam, it was a time of scientific, cultural and
religious prosperity and Islamic art and music flourished.
Slide 36
Birth and Rise of Islam From left; Mustansiriya University,
Baghdad; Jabir ibn Hayyan, the father of Chemistry; Ibn al-Haytham
the father of optics; and Ali Baba
Slide 37
Birth and Rise of Islam The Abbasid claims to the caliphate did
not go unchallenged and in 909CE the Fatimids claimed the title of
Caliph, ruling much of North Africa. Eventually the Fatimids rule
was reduced to Egypt. The Abbasids lost a lot of territory to
various new caliphates and eventually lost almost all control due
to the arrival of Muslim Turkic tribes known as the Seljuks. The
Abbasid Caliph remained the head of the Islamic community but the
Seljuks had the power.
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Birth and Rise of Islam
Slide 39
What do you notice is happening to Christendom from this
map?
Slide 40
Birth and Rise of Islam The end of the Golden Age of Islam came
with the arrival of the Mongols who developed a powerful empire (2
nd largest in history) ruled by Genghis Khan.
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Birth and Rise of Islam
Slide 42
Due to the continual decline of the Seljuks a new group started
to dominate Anatolia the Osmanli. Under Osman I, this group
assisted the Seljuks in battles with the Byzantines and eventually
their power and influence led to control of Anatolia. Eventually
the Ottomans would extend their influence throughout Europe
(conquering the Byzantines), the Middle East and Asia and thus
increasing the spread of Islam.
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Birth and Rise of Islam
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Slide 46
Task: ABC book of Islam As a team, you will be involved in
creating the ABC Book of the Fascinating World of Islam. You will
work as part of a team where each member will be assigned approx. 5
letters of the alphabet. Your book needs to focus on the following
categories (you may choose others; you MAY NOT focus on the
Crusades): - Muhammad - Muslims who made major contributions -
Cities of Importance - Expansion of Islam - Art and Architecture -
Inventions and Innovations
Slide 47
Example page: M is for Mosque The Umayyad Mosque is located in
Damascus, Syria and is one of the largest and oldest Mosques in the
world. This Mosque was completed in 715CE and is considered by some
Muslims to be the fourth holiest place in Islam. The tomb of Salah
al-Din is also located here.