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River Civilizations(An Research Overview)
Submitted by
C. Stephen Ingraham
2008
CSI07
Performance Assessment
• Create a tri-fold travel brochure and present it to the class. Your project must include the natural characteristics that define the region known as the Middle East (either past or present), relative and absolute location, climate. Culture. Ecosystems, and technology.
Title of Travel Agency
Slogan
Emblem
Price
Map ofMesopotamia
PictureofInterest
Inventions andInnovationsof Mesopotamiaon back
Physical Featuresof Mesopotamia: Landforms, Bodies of Water, Plant and Animal life on back.
GeographyFour GeographicRegions
ClimateIncluding: Average Temperaturesand Average Rainfallof Mesopotamiaon back CSI07
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Travel Brochure Research TopicsTextbook Topics Ancient Mesopotamia Encyclopedia
p. 70 Assyria pp. 784-787p. 69 Babylon pp. 9-12p. 69 King Hammurabi pp. 33-4p. 62 & 70 Maps of Mesopotamia p. 346p. 61 Mesopotamia pp. 345-6 ------- Seven Wonders pp. 253-6p.61 Sumer pp. 778-9pp. 61 & 66 Inventions/Innovations
The Modern World ------ Modern Iraq (map) p. 327 ------ Climate/Rainfall/Temp. pp. 324-9
Climate: In contrast to the comfortable areas bordering the Mediterranean and Arabian Seas the inland regions are desert and almost uninhabitable. This same climate extends from the Arabian peninsula into northern Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Iran, and further to the East in Afghanistan.Rainfall: five to ten inches per year. Usually in the form of a downpour for just a very short period in winter.Temperatures: Average 130 degrees during a summer day butas low as 40 degrees at night.Agriculture: With irrigation wheat, barley, olives, figs, nuts, and grapes can be cultivated in the steppe regions. Sheep, goats, donkeys, and camels can be raised even in the desert regions. Natural Resources: (Scattered throughout the region)North Africa- Iron Ore & PhosphatesIsrael- SaltTurkey- chromium and molybdenumSaudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran- Oil
The Middle East
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Four Geographic Regions:1) Mountains in Northeast and Eastern sections. This area has
good pastures and a few fertile plateaus. 2) Central Desert Area doted with few oasis.3) Upper Plains – dry grassland savannah4) Lower Plains -Irrigated valley between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers.
Iran – Once known as PersiaGeography: High plateau much of it desertClimate: dry continentalNatural Resources: coal, iron, copper, lead, borax, manganese,
nickel, cobalt, and oil.Agriculture: tobacco, cotton, corn, rice all grown on small farms.
Iraq – Ancient Land of Mesopotamia
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Essential Questions• Where and how did ancient civilizations begin?• In what ways are ancient civilizations similar? In what
ways are they different?• What impact did cultural beliefs have on the formation of
religions?• How did religion and philosophical thinking affect the
development of civilization?• For what reasons do religious and philosophical
differences cause conflict among cultures?• How did the agricultural revolution change civilizations?• What economic systems existed in ancient civilization?• What governmental structures emerged in ancient
civilizations?• What evidence of culture clashes exist today?• What constitutes a civilization?
Social Studies Block # ___ Name _______________________Mr. Ingraham & Ms. Holmes Date ____________
RIVER CIVILIZATIONS Table of Contents
This is how Mullen students roll….
We are always on time to class
We come prepared to learn.
We always allow other students to learn.
We respect the personal space of others.
The Fertile Crescent SongLet me tell you of a civilization Sung to the tune of “The Brady Bunch” Sumer, Sumer was its nameIt was between the Tigris and Euphrates,but it was not alone.
There came along a mighty king,Sargon, the Akkadian was the name.He united all who feared him.You join or you’re insane.
Still later came King HammurabiWith his mighty long code of laws.Even later came the Assyrian ArmyLed by Sennacherib the “destroyer”,Who crushed and killedAnd stole until the Persians came along and conquered him. CSI07
40 N
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
20 N
O
O
Prim
e M
erid
ian
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23 30’ N
23 30’ S
20 S
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Steps to CivilizationHunters
Gatherers
Farmers(agriculture)
5)
1) Nomads2) Band (clan)
3) culture4) tribe
CIVILIZATION: a culture that has well developed:
a) Governmentb) Religionc) Learning (knowledge) d) Writing
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Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Asia
Africa
Syrian Desert
Zagros Mountains
Taurus Mountains
Jeru
sale
m
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Assur *
* Babylon
* Ur Persian Gulf
Caspian S
ea
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Mesopotamia
Nineveh *
Mesopotamian Vocabulary• Civilization – a culture with well developed forms of
government, religion, writing, and learning.• Technology- the use of tools and skills to make a product
or achieve a goal.• Ziggurat- a huge mud-brick temple in each city-state.• Government- an organized system that groups use to
make laws and decisions.• City-state- a city or village and the farm lands around it
with its own leaders and government.• Monarchy- a government which has one person with
complete right to rule in peacetime and in war. • Authority- right to rule.• Surplus- extra supply. • Merchant- a person who buys and sells goods for a living• Social class- groups within a civilization with different
levels of importance.• Scribe- a person who knows how to read and write..• Innovation- new ways of doing things.
Mesopotamian Vocabulary #2• Conquer – to take over the land of others.• Empire- a land of many conquered people and places governed by one
ruler.• Emperor- the ruler of an empire.• Taxation- the support of a government where people were required to pay
taxes in crops or other goods or services they produced.• Code of Hammurabi- a collection of 282 laws that dealt with almost every
aspect of Mesopotamian life.• Equal Justice- fair treatment under the law within each social class.• Polytheism – The belief in many supreme beings or gods • Monotheism- the belief in one supreme being or god.• Covenant- an agreement. • Ten Commandments- a set of laws for responsible behavior.• Judaism the religion of the Jewish people.• Torah- The first five books of the Bible of the Israelites.• Colony- a settlement separated from, but under the control of, a home
country.• Cultural diffusion- the spreading of new ideas to other places.• Barter- the exchange of one good or service for another.• Money economy- an economic system based on the use of money rather
than on barter.
MesopotamiaA. The Fertile Crescent- the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
1) Villages became cities and societies became more complex
2) Cultures form Civilizations- society with developed under one
Government, Religious belief, writing system, and Learning
A/F. New Inventions & Innovations:
canals, dikes, wheel, cart, domestication of animals, igu (acre), cargo ships with sails, & cuneiform
E. Changing Economy
1) About 3000 B.C. Sumerian city-states had huge populations.
2) Ur – had 30,000 people.
3) Successful agriculture = surplus, or extra supply (of food). Therefore:
a) not everyone had to grow or find food.
b) This allowed a division of labor. Besides farmers, there were managers, craftworkers, and merchants.
4) Merchants – people who bought and sold goods for a living. They
traded surplus wheat, barley, and copper tools for wood, salt,
precious stones, & raw copper.
F. Divisions in Society
1) Social Classes – groups with different levels of importance
King
Nobles – Priests & Leaders
Middle Class
Merchants, Craftworkers, Managers, carpenters, potters, bricklayers, & scribes
2) Scribe, or a person who could write, kept records, wrote letters for others,
copied songs, & stories.
Lowest Class
Laborers, Unskilled workers, and Slaves
3) Men owned most of the property & held positions of leadership.
A. Causes and Effects of Conflict.
1) Because the city-states grew in size and population, agricultural societies
wage war to protect farmland & water rights.
2) Because the Tigris & Euphrates river valley is flat with no natural
boundaries, city-states put up pillars.
3) Because powerful city-states destroy or move the pillars, more wars are
fought.
4) Because more wars are being fought, new technology or better weapons are
needed. (Example: War Chariot – two wheel cart pulled by horses.)
B. Sargon the Conqueror
1) The Warrior Sargon from the city-state of Kish is the first to conquer, or take
over, the land of others.
2) He established a vast empire, or a conquered land of many peoples and
places governed by one ruler, or emperor.
3) Sargon
a) built a capital city called Akkad and ruled for 55 years.
b) maintained a standing army.
c) appointed loyal nobles as governors to maintain control of all 12 city-states
C. Hammurabi the Lawgiver
1) Hammurabi becomes king of the city-state of Babylon.
2) He promoted trade by building dikes and canals and established taxation, or
people supporting government by payment in crops or other goods.
3) Hammurabi’s most important contribution was a collection of laws, given to
him by the sun god Shamash called the Code of Hammurabi (282 laws)
a) “The code said that whoever caused an injury should be punished
by being given that same injury”. b) Equal Justice, or fair treatment was limited to equality within each social
class.
War & Peace in the Fertile Crescent
Religious & Philosophical Thinking of Mesopotamia
Code of Hammurabi : 282 laws providing equal justice.Teaches: An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.
Ten Commandments: a set of laws given to Moses forresponsible behavior for Judaism.
Teaches: To obey one god and how to live justly and keep families strong.
Polytheism of the Ancient Mesopotamians: Many gods of natureTeaches: If bad things happen the gods are angry; if good thing happen they aren’t.
Judaism: The religion of the Jewish people based on the belief of the one god, Yahweh.
Teaches: God’s good qualities must be imitated by his people.
Islam: The religion of the Muslims based on the belief of the one god, Allah.Teaches: Muslim must submit to god’s will and follow the Qur’an and Muhammad’s
example.
Christianity: a religion based to the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi.Teaches: To love your neighbor as yourself.
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Early Egypt Song Sung to “Mary has a little Lamb” The Nile River gives Egypt lifeWater for the crops And fertile siltKing Narmer unites us allUpper and lower Egypt
Our pharaoh is the son of RaPharaoh Zoser asked ImhotepTo build a pyramidFor his tomb and decorate it withHieroglyphics and gold.
Amenemhet becomes the pharaohHe conquers Nubia and Kush is tamed.Merchants and craftworkersForm the middle class.Pharaoh Thutmose crushed the Hyksos.
Egypt extends to the Fertile CrescentBut Amenhotep and NefertitiWant all to worship the one god, Aton,But the boy King Tut changes that(and that’s a chapter three fact.) By Mr. Ingraham
I. African Civilizations
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
AsiaLower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Red Sea
Nubia
NubianDesert
Thebes *SaharaDesert
Memphis *
Nile R
iver
Eastern D
esert
*Aswan
Lib
ya
n D
ese
rt
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Eg
yptian
Vo
cabu
lary• desertification – Any change of fertile land into desert, whether
caused by climate or human actions..• silt- fine bits of rock and soil.• Irrigate – to supply land with water by artificial means.• predict- to tell ahead of time.• dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family.• pharaoh -an Egyptian King.• edicts – the commands or directions of one. in authority.• Hieroglyphics –an Egyptian picture writing system• papyrus- a paper like material.• pyramid- a tomb for a dead Egyptian ruler or noble. • mummy a dead body which has been preserved.• peasants people who farmed the land.• obelisk- an ancient monument consisting of a single pillar of
stone.• annex- to take over.• independence –complete freedom.• Trading network- a group of buyers and sellers working together.
III. The Nile Source of Innovation
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A. 1. 365 day calendar divided the year into three parts; a) Inundation = spring flooding of the Nile River
deposits silt or fine bits of rock & soil b) Emergence = plow & plant (the plants appear) c) Drought = water & harvest the crops2. Irrigation through dams, dikes, retention ponds.3. Mummification4. Pyramids = tombs5. Hieroglyphics = writing of 700 different symbol pictures.6. Papyrus = paper made from reeds
Pharaoh
PriestsNobles
MIDDLE CLASSMerchants, Scribes, & Craftworkers
Unskilled LaborersPeasant Farmers& Slaves
Religious & Philosophical Thinking of Egypt1. Religion: Polytheism: Like many ancient peoples the Egyptians used
stories about their gods to explain nature. For example:
a) Amon-Ra was the sun god who was born each day and died each night.
b) Osiris taught the Egyptians farming.
c) Horus, the son of Osiris, ruled the sky.
d) Isis, was the wife of Horus.
2. The Egyptians also believed their pharaoh, or king, was a god in human form.
3. Change during the New Kingdom 1686- 1085Pharaoh Amenhotep & Queen Nefertiti worship one god, Aton –monotheismKing Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.
Gobi Desert
PacificOcean
Yellow
Sea
Arabian Sea
Bay OfBengal
Red
Sea
IndianOcean
SouthChinaSea
East C
hina Sea
Huang He River
Chang Jiang River
INDIA
Xian.
CHINA
MESO
POTA
MIA
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BlackSea Aral
Sea
Caspian Sea
Himalayas MountainsHin
du K
ush
Mou
ntai
ns
China Song (Chapter 5) Sung to “The Adams Family”
The Zhou claimed the mandatethe peasant-farmers can’t waitto use their iron weaponsto seal the Shang dynasty’s fate.
Roads,… Dams,… Canals!
Confucius says a guide for societyis just like anyone’s family.No matter what you happen to beeveryone has responsibility
Courtesy,… Kindness,… Charity!
The Legalism of the Qin Shi Huangdisays everyone should fear me.My great wall shows my authoritybuilt upon the peasant’s misery.
Tears,… Cruelty,… Punishment!
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China Song (Continued) Sung to “The Adams Family”
The Han Gao Zu said he knewto be respected & keep the people true.No harsh law or treatment crueland all the people will follow you.
Trade,… Exports,… Profits!
The Daoism is taught by Emperor Wu Dito accept whatever life gives to thee.Now cause and effect is historyand trade brings new technology.
Wheelbarrow,… seismograph,… Paper!
Ancient China always tried to striveto keep the peasants working and aliveand every way each dynasty triedis all contained in chapter five!!!! CSI07
Vocabulary of China• legends – stories handed down from earlier times.• mandate- or order to rule.• Mandate of Heaven- the right of a Chinese leader to rule given
to him by the gods.• ancestors- dead relatives further back than grandparents.• oracles –a person who gives wise advise.• pictographs – drawings that were combined to make
thousands of Chinese words.• heritage –a set of ideas that has been passed down from one
generation to another. • militia- a group made of volunteer soldiers.• virtues- good qualities. • Public works –structures built by the government for
everyone’s use.• philosopher –a person who studies the meaning of life.• responsibilities- a person’s duties.• Confucianism- the ideas and teaching of the philosopher
Confucius.
Vocabulary of China #2• Legalism – the idea that people obey their rulers out of fear
and not out of respect.• standardization- the making of all things of a certain type alike.• bureaucracy –a network of appointed government officials.• Civil war- when groups of people from the same place or
country fight one another.• ambassadors –a person who represents a government.• Civil Service – the part of a bureaucracy that oversees the
day- to-day business of running a government.• Daoism –the idea that the key to long life and happiness is to
accept life as it is.. • import- to bring in goods for sale.• export- to send out goods to be sold in other places. • caravan –a group of traders traveling with goods to be sold.• profits –money gained over the price of goods sold.• Silk Road- the trade route that stretched 5,000 miles from
China to the Mediterranean Sea.
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B. Society of Ancient China – Zhou Dynasty
King
Nobles
Peasants
Gives landTo theNobles
Perform Military Service for the King
Farm the land and serve the nobles
Promiseto protect the peasants
I. A Ancient China – Xia & Shang Dynasties1. About 2000 BCE. Hundreds of settlements in Huang He River Valley2. Shang seized mandate of heaven or the authority to rule in 1766 BCE.3. Shang conquered 1,800 city-states with war chariots & bronze weapons.4. Oracle bones were used to gain wise advise from the ancestors & the gods.5. Writing called pictographs used 5,000 symbols or drawings to make thousands of words.6. Only wealthy, educated Chinese could write & hold government jobs.
C. Religious & Philosophical Thinking of China1. Legalism : used by Qin Shi Huangdi as a basis for the government of his dynasty.Teaches: People obey their rulers out of fear of punishment and not respect. Harsh
treatment is the only way to bring peace and wealth to China
2. Confucianism: Kung Fu Zi (Confucius) There are five virtues: charity, kindness, hardwork, good faith, and courtesy.
Teaches: A good society is like a family where all members know their responsibilities.
3. Daoism: used by Emperor Wu Di with the ideas of Confucianism.Teaches: the key to long life and happiness is to accept life as it is.
D. The Han Dynasty’s Golden Age & The Silk Road 1. Peace brought new technology & inventions: wheelbarrow, seismograph, paper,
printing, crossbow, gunpowder, fireworks, crossbow 2. Caravans traded with other “civilized” people.
a) exported silk, apricots, iron, & bronze goodsb) imported gold, ivory, wool, linen, grapevines, & horses
Indian OceanIndian Ocean
Arabian SeaArabian Sea
Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea
Bay ofBay ofBengalBengal
Black SeaBlack Sea Caspian SeaCaspian Sea Aral SeaAral Sea
Himalayas MountainsHimalayas MountainsPlateau Plateau Of IranOf Iran
Plateau Plateau Of TibetOf Tibet
Ganges RiverGanges River
AfricaAfrica
ChinaChina
Ancient India
IndiaIndiaIn
dus Riv
er
Indus
River
Hindu Kush
Hindu Kush
Aryan MigrationAryan Migration 1500 B.C.1500 B.C.
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India’s Chapter 6 SongIndia’s Chapter 6 Song The Aryans migrate SouthThe Aryans migrate SouthThrough the mountain pass of Hindu Kush.Through the mountain pass of Hindu Kush.Into the Indus ValleyInto the Indus ValleyUsing their horses to fight for land.Using their horses to fight for land.Believing in Hinduism’s reincarnation means rebirth.Believing in Hinduism’s reincarnation means rebirth.The next life’s social position show your worth,The next life’s social position show your worth,But now your caste is unchanging.But now your caste is unchanging.So don’t associate with the low one.So don’t associate with the low one.Being an Untouchable is no fun!!!!Being an Untouchable is no fun!!!!Unless you’re a believer in BuddhaUnless you’re a believer in Buddhaand seek love, truth, and knowledge.and seek love, truth, and knowledge.What’s it to ya?What’s it to ya?Unselfish behavior all the time.Unselfish behavior all the time. (Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)(Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)““Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”.Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”.
By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Meet the Flintstones”By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Meet the Flintstones”
India’s Chapter 6 (India’s Chapter 6 (Song verse 2Song verse 2)) The Rajahs rule the Indian city-statesThe Rajahs rule the Indian city-statesUntil a young Chandragupta Maurya,Until a young Chandragupta Maurya,Like the Qin Shi HuangdiLike the Qin Shi Huangdithe young Chandragupta’s known for cruelty.the young Chandragupta’s known for cruelty.Father and son rule with a firm hand,Father and son rule with a firm hand,but grandson Asoka discovers wars don’t make the man.but grandson Asoka discovers wars don’t make the man.Non-violence and no caste systemNon-violence and no caste systemBecomes his new plan.Becomes his new plan.The Gupta unites India once again.The Gupta unites India once again.India’s golden age soon begins.India’s golden age soon begins.Arabic numerals make math now base 10.Arabic numerals make math now base 10.Do you believe in Buddha?Do you believe in Buddha?Seeking love, truth, and knowledge.Seeking love, truth, and knowledge.What’s it to ya?What’s it to ya?Unselfish behavior all the time.Unselfish behavior all the time. (Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)(Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)
““Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”. Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”. By Mr. IngrahamBy Mr. Ingraham
Vocabulary of India• subcontinent – A large land area isolated from the rest of a
continent• inscription- a written message.• Aryans- the earliest warriors and herders who immigrated from
central Asia to India.• Sanskrit-the Aryan language.• Vedas –the Aryan holy books.• reincarnation – the belief that the soul lives on after death and
returns to life in a new body.• Hinduism –a religion that believes in three gods: Brahma, the
creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer. • caste- an unchanging group within a society.• untouchables- the people thought to be impure and below all
of Indian castes. • Buddhism – the religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha
Gautama.
The Caste System & India Society1. The Vedas, the belief in reincarnation, and the caste system gave
order to Aryan society.
2. A caste is an unchanging group within a society. A person lives, works, marries within the caste they are born into.
3. The Caste System is like a human body.
a) The Brahmans are the head
( priest & scholars)
b) The Kshatriyas are the arms
(rulers & soldiers)
c) The Vaisyas are the legs
(farmers & merchants)
d) The Sudras are the feet
(laborers, craftworkers, & servants)
4. Below all castes were the untouchables. They were thought to be impure and had to avoid all contact with the rest of society. These people did all the unpleasant jobs.
SHIVA – The Destroyer
Vocabulary of India #2• rajahs – Indian princes who ruled over large city-states• assassination – murder for a political reason.• Turning point – a time of important change .• missionaries – religious teachers who help spread ideas to
other areas.• Arabic numerals – a base ten number system using 1-9 and
zero.• inoculation – giving people a mild form of a disease to prevent
them from getting sick with a more serious form.Persian Bonus Vocabulary• Cavalry – soldiers who rode horses and camels to make swift
attacks.• Tribute – yearly payments to a king or an emperor.• Couriers – pony-express-like riders for delivering messages.• Prophet – a person who others believe speaks or writes with a
divine message from god.• Zoroastrianism – the belief in two gods: Ahura Mazda, the god
of truth and Ahriman, the evil enemy.
Religious & Philosophical Thinking of India
Hinduism: Ancient Aryan Religion which worships three main gods: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer.
Teaches: People are born into an unchanging group within society. They can only associate with members of the same caste. If they live a good life they will be reincarnated, or come to life in a new body, in a higher caste.
Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama – reaction to the Caste System and harsh treatment under Hinduism.
Teaches: People should seek love, truth, the joy of knowledge, and a calm mind.
IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
AsiaRed Sea
Nubia
Nile R
iver
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Other African Kingdoms
IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
AsiaRed Sea
Nubia
Nile R
iver
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A. Early People of Nubia1. Nubia extends along Egypt’s southern border into modern Sudan. 2. The people of Nubia lived like the Egyptians. a) About 6,000 BC. They lived in clans as herders and farmers.
b) The Nubians worshipped Egyptian gods.3. About 2000 BC. they developed into a civilization and built canals.
a) They traded gold, hardwoods, animal tusks, and huge granite
blocks for Egyptians goods.b) These blocks were used to build obelisks, or ancient
towering monuments made of a single stone of granite.
4. During the Egyptian Middle Kingdom the pharaoh moved to annex, or take over, northern Nubia and make it part of Egypt.B. Kush
1. When the Hyksos took over upper Egypt, Nubia gained its independence, or complete freedom, from Egypt.
2. Kerma becomes the capital of the Kushite government.3. It also becomes a trading center for central and southern Africa.
a) To the North they traded for Egyptians goods.b) To the South they traded for gold, salt, elephants,
rhinoceros horns, spices, and slaves.
c) Kermas’s busy markets made the government wealthy.
IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
AsiaRed Sea
Nubia
Nile R
iver
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C. Conquest of Egypt1. About 750 BC King Kasha of Kush takes over Upper Egypt. 2. His son Piankhi conquers lower Egypt.3. Piankhi’s brother claims the pharaoh’s throne in Thebes and begins
a new dynasty. The Kushite pharaohs rebuild and strenghten Egypt.D. Early Ironworkers
1. About 670 BC. Invaders from the Fertile Crescent gained control of the Nile Valley.
2. Kushite leaders establish a new capital at Meroe, where Kushite civilization begins again. They:
a) invent their own 23 letter alphabet.b) reestablish a trading network, or group of buyers and
sellers. c) discover and mine iron ore.d) have iron workers melt down iron ore and have craftworkers
use the metal to make iron tools and weapons.3. Meroe becomes Africa’s earliest iron working center. 4. About 350 AD. The kingdom of Axum conquers Kush.
Abram breaks with the religious thinking of his neighbors and begins worshipping one supreme god (Monotheism). He changes his name to Abraham, which means “father of many nations”.
a) Abraham’s son Isaac is the father of the Jewish people.1) Judaism: The religion of the Jewish people based on the belief of the one god, Yahweh. Teaches: God’s good qualities must be imitated by his people.
2) Christianity: a religion based to the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi. Teaches: To love your neighbor as yourself.
b) Abraham’s son Ishmael is the father of the Arab people.Muhammad, an Arab, is the founder of Islam. Muslims are his followers.Islam: The religion of the Muslims based on the belief of the one god, Allah.Teaches: Muslim must submit to god’s will and follow their holy book the Qur’an and Muhammad’s example. The religious successors to Muhammad are called caliphs, but whom to follow caused divisions.
• Shiite Muslims stayed loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph, Ali’s dynasty
• Sunni Muslims accepted the changing dynasties of Muhammad’s successors.
Religious development of the Middle East
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Buddhism Missionaries Spread the
teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
throughout Asia and Japan.
Muslim
Merchants
spread the
teachings of
Islam.AFRICA
ASIA
EUROPE
Merchants and Missionaries spreadreligious ideas to other places. This adapting of customs and ideas from one culture to another is known as cultural borrowing.
The influence of Religion on three continents
HINDUISM
CHRISTIANITY
JUDAISM
TRADEChinese Silk RoadBy 106 B.C.E. the first camel caravan headed west fromChina with a load of Silk. No one knew the secrets of making Silk, which gave the Chinese a monopoly. Theymade huge profits in gold, ivory, wool, linen, grapevines, And horses.African Salt TradeBy 700 C.E. an African tribe, the Soninkes, hadtaken over much of the West African grasslands. To the south they traded with another tribe the Wangaras for gold. Then they traded with Muslim merchants thegold for salt. Salt was important to season and preservefood. Some of the salt they traded back to the Wangarasfor more gold. Other European goods such as paper, woven cloth, and perfumes were also traded. With this trading network the Soninkes made a profit at both ends of the trading cycle and they grew rich and powerful.
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The Silk Road
5,000 miles from China
to the Mediterranean Sea
The Salt Trade
3,000 mile
s from th
e
Mediterra
nean Sea to
The West A
frican
Savanna
AFRICA
ASIAEUROPE
Trade was more important than just the exchange of needed goods. It allowed for the spreading of new ideas and technology to other places. This flow of ideas and knowledge iscalled cultural diffusion.
The influence of the Muslim trading networkand the the spread of Islam on three continents
Ancient Civilization Times
Breaking News: Archaeologists prove __________Is a civilization. By ______________________
Leadership Religion
Knowledge Writing
EasternHemisphereMap on backIndicating whereThe civilization is,Its major landforms,And rivers.
The four News stories on thefront explain how the civilizations has leadership, religion, knowledge, and writing by giving facts and examples.
Final Performance Assessment
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Performance AssessmentA News Presentation to the class
Your presentation will take the form of a TV news cast.This is what is needed:1)A large map locating your presentation’s civilization.2) An explanation of your civilization’s government proving it had leadership.3) An explanation of your civilization’s beliefs proving it had religion.4) An explanation of your civilization’s innovations and inventions proving it had knowledge.5) An explanation and description of your civilization’s writing system.Remember: Your groups 5 questions must be covered in your presentation.
How to set up your notebook for research
LeadershipReligion Knowledge
(Learning)Writing
Performance AssessmentKnowledge
Egypt
India
China
Mesopotamia
WritingReligionLeadership People
“The Role of Government” pp. 63-4
“Sargon the Conqueror” pp. 68-9
“Unity for the Egyptians” pp. 96-7
“The Caste System”
p.177
“India’s First Empire”
p. 187-8
“The Shang Dynasty”
pp. 128-9
“Rule of Shi Huanghi”
p. 161-2
“Oracle Bones”
pp. 129-130
“Hinduism”
pp. 176-7
“The origins of Buddhism
pp. 178-9
“Source of Religion”
p. 96
“The Old Kingdom”
pp. 100-1
“Architecture and Religious Beliefs”
pp. 62-3
“New Inventions”
p. 61
“Innovations”
p. 66
“The Alphabet”
pp. 75-6
“Source of Innovation”
pp. 95-6
“The Early Period”
pp. 98-100
“The City of Mohenjo-Daro”
pp. 122-3
“The Golden Age of India” pp. 190-1
“The Ideas of Confucius”
p. 158-9
“The Golden Age” pp. 168-9
“Shang Writing”
pp. 130-1
“City People”
p. 124
“Hinduism”
(Sanskrit)
pp. 176-7
Sargon
Hammurabi
Sennacherib
King Narmer
Pharaoh Zoser
Hatshepsut
Amenhotep IV
King Tut
Siddhartha Gautama
Chandragupta Maurya
Asoka Maurya
King Wu
Qin Shi Huangdi
Han Goa Zu
Confucius
TextbookResearch
SynergyThe product of a group is greater than
any individual of that group..• 1) The Leader reads his/her “Leadership”
notes while the other group members copy any items mentioned they don’t have.
• 2) Another member of the group then reads his/her “Leadership” notes and the other group members copy any items they don’t have.
• 3) Rotation continues until all members have read their “Leadership” notes.
Time Line Practice
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Time Line PracticePlace the following on this timeline:1) 5,100 years ago King Narmer unites Upper and Lower Egypt2) 4,650 years ago the Egyptians built the first pyramid.3) 4,500 years ago cities rise in the Indus Valley.4) 4,300 years ago merchants trade between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia.5) 3,800 years ago the Shang Dynasty gains control of China.6) 3,465 years ago the Egyptian Empire expands to its largest size.7) 2,750 years ago Kush conquers upper Egypt.Hint: Remember it is now 2007 C.E., but why not use 2,000?
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II. Egyptian Society during the Middle Kingdom
Mediterranean Sea
AfricaAsia
Red Sea
Nubia
Nile R
iver
CSI07
Pharaoh
PriestsNobles
MIDDLE CLASSMerchants, Scribes, & Craftworkers
Unskilled LaborersPeasant Farmers & Slaves
III. Egyptian Kingdoms
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
AsiaRed Sea
Nubia
Nile R
iver
CSI07
1) The Old Kingdom 2686- 2181 BCE The Age of the pyramids –pharaoh’s tombs
a) Stacked mastabas – stepped pyramidb) Geometric straight sided square pyramids
built in the land of the dead at Giza.2) The Middle Kingdom 1991 – 1786 BCE
Amenemhet conquered Nubia Egypt is an EmpireMiddle class develops –Craftworkers, Merchants, & ScribesThe Hyksos attack with war chariots and conquer Egypt
3) The New Kingdom 1686- 1085Pharaoh Thutmose I retakes Egypt from the HyksosPharoah Thutmose III invades Nubia & the Fertile CrescentAmenhotep & Nefertiti worship one god, Aton –monotheismKing Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.Egypt weakens and is ruled by outsiders.
PacificOcean
SouthChinaSea
Huang He River
Chang Jiang River
Xian.
CHINA
CSI08
Society of Ancient China – Zhou Dynasty
King
Nobles
Peasants
Gives landTo theNobles
Perform Military Service for the King
Farm the land and serve the nobles
Promisesto protect the peasants
Bonus Question5 Points
What is the belief in two gods: Ahura Mazda, the god of truth and Ahriman, the evil enemy called.w) Hinduism x) Buddhism y) Judaism z) Zoroastrianism