Riverside County Preschool Plan Advisory Group
Susan MuenchowJennifer Anthony
Irene LamKaren Manship
October 17, 2007
Outcomes for the Day!
Update on process so far Meetings, interviews, and teleconferences with
Needs Assessment and Budget Subcommittees Review findings on:
Criteria for Phase In Criteria for Program Quality Cost of New & Upgraded Slots 4 Potential Scenarios
Discuss possible approaches based on findings
Determine next steps
Considerations for Phasing In Preschool in Riverside County
Need: 14 districts had >25% API 1-3 k enrollment in at least one zip 5 districts had >50% ELL in at least one zip 12 districts had an ECE enrollment rate <45% (countywide
average) Capacity (Existing Revenue/Facilities)
4 school districts obtained AB172 funds 6 districts reserved Title I funds for preschool At least 7 districts received First 5 School Readiness Funds
Facilities Several districts have plans for new or expanded facilities
Number of Ks Enrolled in Low API – Western Part of County
Number of Ks Enrolled in Low API – Eastern Part of County
Benefits for Disadvantaged Children
Preschool children who participated in part-day, school year Chicago Child-Parent Centers (CPC)*: Received higher average scores on reading and math
tests during elementary school than children who didn’t participate in the program.
Were nearly half as likely to be placed in special education as non-CPC participants.
Economic return of $7 for every dollar invested.
*Source: Reynolds, A.J., Temple, J. Robertston, D.L., & Mann, E. (2000). Long-Term Benefits of Participation in the Title I Chicago Child-Parent Centers. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence. Chicago, IL: March 30, 2000.
Benefits for Disadvantaged Children in Chicago Parent-Child Centers
Children Who Attend Preschool Fare Better
14%
23%
7%15%
66%
25%
38% 35% 32%
45%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
SpecialEducation
Placements
Grade Retention Multiple Arrests WelfareDependency
High SchoolGraduation
Preschool Participants Non-Preschool Participants
Benefits for ALL Children
All socio-economic groups in Oklahoma Pre-K Program experienced gains Free-lunch students on all 3 tests Reduced-price lunch & full-pay lunch students on 2
tests All racial & economic groups experienced
gains Latino & African-American students on all 3 tests White & Native American students on 2 tests
*Source: Gormley, Jr., W., Gayer, T., Phillips, D. & Dawson, B. (2004). The Effects of Oklahoma’s Universal Pre-K Program on School Readiness. Georgetown University Center for Research on Children in the U.S.
Projected Long-Term Benefits of Preschool for All Children in California
A 1-year high-quality universal preschool program in California will result in long-term savings of $2.62 for every dollar invested:Reduced grade retentionReduced use of special education Increase in high school graduatesReduced child maltreatmentReduced juvenile crimeSource: Rand Corporation Study, 2005
Outcomes Depend Upon Quality
Only high quality programs have been found to produce these effects
Programs found to have large effects meet or exceed NIEER quality benchmarks
NIEER Quality Benchmarks
Comprehensive early learning standards Teacher has a BA Teacher has specialized training in pre-K Assistant teacher has CDE (at least) At least 15 clock hours/year of in-service Maximum class size 20 or lower Staff-child ratio 1:10 or better Vision, hearing, health screening/referral & family
support At least 1 meal/day provided Site visits conducted
Program Quality Criteria – Recommendations from NIEER and First 5
Program Characteristic
NIEER Benchmark for Preschool
Programs
First 5 California PFA Demonstration
Grant Criteria Maximum class size
<20 20 for four-year-olds, or 24
(depending on staff/child ratio)
Staff-child ratio At least 1:10 3:24 or 2:20 Teacher degree BA Master teacher with
BA & 24 ECE units within 5 years & ECE credential within 10 yrs
Assistant teacher degree
CDA credential or equivalent
AA degree
Other Movement Toward Increased Educational Qualifications
Program Characteristic
NAEYC Accreditation Criteria for Preschool Programs
Head Start Reauthorization Proposed Program Requirements
Maximum class size
<20 for 4-year-olds <18 for 3-year-olds
<20
Staff-child ratio At least 1:10 for 4-year-olds At least 1:9 for 3-year-olds
At least 1:10
Teacher degree AA, with 75% with BAs by 2020
50% in program have BA by 2011
Assistant teacher degree
50% have CDA credential or equivalent, or 100% enrolled in program to attain CDA or equivalent
Have a least a CDA and working toward an AA or bachelor’s degree
Cost Estimate Assumptions
First 5 California PFA Demonstration Grant criteria: Minimum of 3 hours/day of services for school year Mixed Delivery System Build on Existing State Preschool, Head Start & other
publicly & privately funded settings Staff-child ratio of 3:24 or 2:20 Master teacher with BA & 24 ECE units within 5 years
& ECE credential within 10 years Assistant teacher with AA degree Compensation for BA level teacher comparable to that
of public school teachers Teachers teach two sessions
Countywide & School District Cost Estimates
Countywide Total cost calculated at full implementation (i.e., all school
district attendance areas, with no phase-in) 80% participation rate
API 1-3 School Attendance Area Phase in by Year 5 80% Participation Rate
API 1-5 School Attendance Area Phase in by Year 5 80% Participation Rate
Sample School District Attendance Areas (Large, Medium & Small)
Upgraded & New Spaces
Direct costs based on beginning public K-12 teacher salaries
Annual cost of an upgraded space = $1,935
Annual cost of a full space = $5,754Cost of new space in Riverside =
virtually same as statewide cost identified by AIR and RAND
Scenario I. Countywide – All districts, 80% participation
Cost at full implementation$88 million for 21,434 childrenUpgraded spaces = 6,789Spaces that already meet standards =
1,608New or full-cost spaces = 13,037
Scenario II. All low API 1-5, 80% participation
YearPhase in API
1-5
Inflation Adjusted
(@3%)
No. of low API (1-5) children served
No. of upgraded
slots
No. of full cost
slots
No of slots that already meet PFA
(special education
slots)
Year 1 $8,082,096 $8,082,096 3,096 820 1,480 796
Year 2 $17,174,454 $17,689,688 5,396 1,640 2,960 796
Year 3 $27,277,074 $28,938,248 7,696 2,460 4,440 796
Year 4 $38,389,956 $41,949,741 9,996 3,280 5,920 796
Year 5 $50,164,689 $56,460,800 12,208 4,060 7,353 796
Scenario III. All low API 1-3, 80% participation
YearPhase in API 1-3
Inflation Adjusted
(@3%)
No. of low API (1-3) children served
No. of upgraded
slots
No. of full cost
slots
No. of slots that already
met PFA (special
education slots)
Year 1 $4,640,688 $4,640,688 1,769 500 840 429
Year 2 $9,861,462 $10,157,306 3,109 1,000 1,680 429
Year 3 $15,662,322 $16,616,157 4,449 1,500 2,520 429
Year 4 $22,043,268 $24,087,274 5,789 2,000 3,360 429
Year 5 $28,684,455 $32,284,607 7,060 2,480 4,151 429
Scenario IV. 5-Year Phase-in for Sample Districts
District
# of 4 year olds (at 80% participation) with annual
4% population
growth
# of upgraded
slots
# of slots that already meet PFA standards (special
education)# of full
cost slots Total
Small District 89 61 2 60 123
Medium District 1589 541 57 1000 1598
Large District A 1198 163 86 958 1207
Large District B 1887 468 60 1380 1908
5-Year Phase-in for Sample Districts: Cost Estimates
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Small District
$124,572
$237,081
$258,558
$453,970
$586,863
Medium District
$1,198,464
$2,623,138
$4,291,145
$6,365,809
$8,615,094
Large District A
$1,079,268
$2,357,166
$3,743,395
$5,505,231
$7,382,654
Large District B
$1,443,696
$3,159,890
$5,169,208
$7,718,240
$11,205,975
Factoring in Wraparound Care
Need for Wraparound care in Riverside County
According to 2005 Resource & Referral Network, 90% of parents who called for referrals requested full-time care
48% of children under 6 have both parents (or a single parent) in the labor force
Sacramento County’s Bridging Model in Elk Grove Unified (EGUSD)
Pilot in existing child care settings. Credentialed preschool teacher teams with staff in
licensed child care centers & family child care homes to provide preschool services.
Each Preschool Bridging Model classroom will also be supported by a Professional Development Coach. Coach assists the teaching staff through observation, accommodations & mentoring.
Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm/documents/webcontent/sac_007522.pdf
Sacramento County’s Bridging Model in Elk Grove Unified (EGUSD) – (cont’d)
Preschool Bridging services include: 3-hour preschool program, 5 days per week; Mentoring of classroom staff or family child
care provider; Child assessment and referral; and Kindergarten Transition planning.
Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm/documents/webcontent/sac_007522.pdf
Sacramento County’s Bridging Model (cont’d)
Expenditure per child?About the same as new part-day
preschool slot in a center setting, but advantage of offering full-day service
Substantially more expensive in a family child care setting
Source: www.sackids.saccounty.net/coswcms/groups/public/@pub/@wcm/documents/webcontent/sac_007522.pdf
Action For Children’s License-Exempt Quality Enhancement (LEQE) Initiative in Illinois
Approximately 70% of Illinois children in childcare are in license-exempt homes.
In LEQE: Care & education are linked across settings 3-5 year old children are taken to a part-day
State PreK classroom 4 days/week 5th day – teachers visit FFN home w/ books &
activities Funded by State PreK @ $3k per child FFN providers receive full day child care
assistance payments
Leveraging Revenue
Cost of four scenarios
Countywide:All children: $88.1 millionTargeted:
API 1-3: $28.7 millionAPI 1-5: $50.1 million
Sample school district attendance areas:Large districts: $7.3-$11.2 millionMedium district: $8.6 millionSmall district: $586,000
Three Potential Revenue Sources
Title IAB172 (or similar state legislation)Parent/User Fees
Title I
May be used for: Any child in a Title 1 school Children above income level for other subsidized
programs Comprehensive services not funded by other
programs such as State Preschool Both school-based and community-based settings Developmental screenings Professional development for teachers working
with young children at risk of school failure Renting or leasing privately owned buildings
Allocating Title I
May be used for early education, from birth through kindergarten
School District receives allocation from state & can reserve % for preschool
Local elementary school can reserve a portion of its allocation for preschool
School districts in Riverside County reserving Title I dollars for preschool
School District
Title I Allocation,
FY2005
Title I Preschool
Allocations, 2005
Percent Allocated
to Preschool
Beaumont Unified $1,148,737 $12,067 1.05%
Desert Sands Unified
$6,759,373 $50,000 0.74%
Jurupa Unified $6,385,927 $160,000 2.51%
Lake Elsinore Unified
$3,511,078 $10,000 0.28%
Palm Springs Unified
$6,871,357 $330,000 4.80%Palo Verde Unified $1,558,256 $20,000 1.28%
TOTAL $26,234,728 $582,067
Title I funds for preschool
What if all school districts in Riverside county allocated 4.8% of their Title I allocation to preschool, as Palm Springs does? $4 million countywide $3.7 million in API 1-3 attendance areas
What if all school districts allocated 10%, as in Merced? $8.3 million countywide $7.8 million in API 1-3 attendance areas
These funds could support additional quality upgrades or improved access
State Preschool & Family Literacy (AB 172) Awards – Total of $2,050,300 in Riverside County
Part Day AB172 Awards in Riverside County
Riverside County Superintendent of
Schools, $170,520.00, 8%
Mt. San Jacinto Community College,
$175,392.00, 9%
Lake Elsinore Unified School
District, $350,784.00, 17%
Hemet Unified School District,
$227,360.00, 11%
Family Service Association,
$643,104.00, 32%
Desert Sands Unified School District, $170,520.00, 8%
Val Verde Unified School District,
$312,620.00, 15%
Riverside County AB172 Awards
Part Day Thousand Palms Child Care Center $87,696Desert Sands Unified School District $170,520
Riverside County Superintendent of Schools $170,520Mt. San Jacinto Community College $175,392
Hemet Unified School District $227,360Val Verde Unified School District $3112,620
Lake Elsinore Unified School District $350,784Family Service Association $643,104
Full Day Thousand Palms Child Care Center $109,626
TOTAL $2,247,622
AB172 funds for preschool
What if Riverside is allocated three times as much in AB172 funds next year? $6.7 million countywide
Governor’s New Recommendations???
Potential priorities under discussion…Focus expansion on Title 1 school
attendance areasFocus expansion on children eligible for free
and reduced price lunchFocus on children currently eligible for State
Preschool
Parent fees – Los Angeles model
Los Angeles Universal Preschool parent fee schedule:
Median Income up to:Parent Pays (per
Year) Monthly PIF
$26,742 $0 $0
$31,885 $100 $8.33
$37,542 $200 $16.67
$45,000 $300 $25
$53,484 $400 $33.33
$60,000 $500 $41.67
$75,000 $600 $50
$100,000 $900 $75
$125,000 $1,500 $125
$150,000 $2,500 $208.33
$200,000 $3,000 $250
200,001+ $3,500 $291.66
Parent fees – Nuview School District Model
Charges $10 fee per day for families not eligible for State Preschool or Head Start
=$1800 annual flat fee for all parents over income threshold
Parent fees- revenue estimate assumptions
Low API neighborhoods: LAUP collected approximately $700,000 in parent fees last year for just over 6,500 children, for preschool programs targeted to higher-poverty areas = approximately $100 per child annually
Countywide: An estimated 57% of parents are over the income eligibility level for State Preschool; thus 43% might pay $1800 annual fee (Nuview model).
Countywide alternative: Parents over threshold pay full annual reimbursement rate for State Preschool ($3,714) on AVERAGE (sliding scale still recommended)
Parent fees for preschool
$100 average annual parent fee in low API attendance areas: $760,000 in API 1-3 $1.2 million in API 1-5
$1800 annual parent fee for parents over income threshold, countywide: $16.6 million
$3714 annual average parent fee for parents over threshold, countywide: $34.2 million
Impact of All Revenue Sources: Countywide
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Title I set aside at 4.8% Title I set aside at 10%
AB172 Title I Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost
$60.8 million
Scenario I- Serving entire county: Total cost $88.1 million
$56.5 million
Impact of All Revenue Sources: API 1-5
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Title I set aside at 4.8% Title I set aside at 10%
AB172 Title I Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost
$38.2 million
Scenario II- Serving API 1-5: Total cost $50.1 million
$33.9 million
Impact of All Revenue Sources: API 1-3
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Title I set aside at 4.8% Title I set aside at 10%
AB172 Title I Parent fees ($1800) Remaining cost
$17.5 million
Scenario III- Serving API 1-3: Total cost $28.7 million
$13.5 million
Other issues
Preliminary Facilities estimate (new facilities only):At least $71.3 million
Workforce Development:TBD
Next Steps
Additional guidance on criteria for recommendations, final report and advocacy.
Questions? Contact:Susan Muenchow: [email protected] Anthony: [email protected] Irene Lam: [email protected] Karen Manship: [email protected]
ADDITIONAL SLIDES
Impact of $100 average parent fee in low API neighborhoods
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Scenario III: Serving allAPI 1-3 attendance areas
Scenario II: Serving all API1-5 attendance areas
$100 parent fees Cost remaining
$28.7 million $50.2 million
$28.0 million $48.9 million
$760,000 $1.2 million
Impact of $1800 parent fee countywide
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Scenario I: Serving entire county
$1800 parent fees Cost remaining
$88.1 million
$71.6 million
$16.6 million
Impact of $3714 parent fee countywide
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Scenario I: Serving entire county
$3714 parent fees Cost remaining
$88.1 million
$71.6 million
$16.6 million
Head Start
FY 2007 Head Start Reauthorization House bill has 1.1% increaseWould amount to $9.7 million increase for
CaliforniaBoth House & Senate bills propose raising
income eligibility from 100 to 130% of federal poverty level
What are Other Counties Doing?
Yolo - The City of West Sacramento (Yolo County) adopted a Developer Fee Ordinance that can be used to support the development of Preschool/childcare facilities and equipment which is estimated to generate $250,000-$300,000 depending on the pace of development.
What are Other Counties Doing?
Prop H in San FranciscoPhases in payments for education
enrichment over 5 years (2005-2010)Provides $ for specific needs such as
subsidies, new facility development, and provider support for FCCH and centers.
What are Other States Doing?
Voters in Arizona, Nebraska, and Denver, Colorado, approved ballot measures to increase funding for early childhood programs.
Denver’s Question 1A
Voters in Denver, Colorado, approved Question 1A, the Preschool Matters initiative, which sets a 0.12% (12 cents for every $100 spent) sales tax increase as the source of funding for the Denver Preschool Program.
The sales tax is projected to raise $12M in revenue a year.
For the average Denverite, it will come out to about $25 more in sales taxes stretched over 365 days.
Nebraska’s Proposed Amendment 5
Nebraska’s Proposed Amendment 5 allows public school funds to be used to fund early childhood programs and will create an early childhood education endowment fund with an initial investment of $40M.
Arizona’s Proposition 203
Arizona’s ballot initiative Proposition 203, the First Things First Initiative, will raise $150 million every year to fund voluntary health screenings & early education programs for children ages birth to five by instituting an 80 cent per pack tobacco tax.
NAEYC Program Quality Elements
Relationships: Promotes positive relationships among all children & adults to encourage each child's sense of individual worth & belonging as part of a community, & to foster each child's ability to contribute as a responsible community member.
Curriculum: Implements a curriculum that is consistent with its goals for children & promotes learning and development in each of the following domains: aesthetic, cognitive, emotional, language, physical, & social.
Teaching: Uses developmentally, culturally, & linguistically appropriate & effective teaching approaches that enhance each child's learning and development in the context of the program's curriculum goals.
Assessment of Child Progress: Informed by ongoing systematic, formal, & informal assessment approaches to provide information on children's learning and development. Assessments occur within the context of reciprocal communications with families & with sensitivity to the cultural contexts in which children develop. Assessment results are used to benefit children by informing sound decisions about children, teaching, & program improvement.
Health: Promotes the nutrition and health of children & protects children and staff from illness and injury.
NAEYC Program Quality Elements (cont’d)
Teachers: Employs and supports a teaching staff that has the educational qualifications, knowledge, & professional commitment necessary to promote children's learning and development and to support families' diverse needs and interests.
Families: Establishes and maintains collaborative relationships with each child's family to foster children's development in all settings. These relationships are sensitive to family composition, language, and culture.
Community Relationships: Establishes relationships with, and uses the resources of, the children's communities to support the achievement of program goals.
Physical Environment: Has a safe and healthful environment that provides appropriate & well-maintained indoor & outdoor physical environments. The environment includes facilities, equipment, & materials to facilitate child and staff learning and development.
Leadership and Management: The program effectively implements policies, procedures, & systems in support of stable staff and strong personnel, fiscal, & program management so that all children, families & staff have high-quality experiences.
Source: http://www.naeyc.org/about/releases/20050426.asp