RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Ribonucleic acid

1. What does the abbreviation RNA stand for?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

a. The sugar in RNA is ribose, not deoxyribose.

b. RNA is usually single-stranded, not double stranded.

c. RNA has uracil in place of thymine.

2. List three ways RNA is different from DNA.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA is a Blueprint from the master plan

3. If DNA is the “master plan,” then what is RNA?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

a. Messenger RNA (mRNA)

b. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

c. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

4. Name three main types of RNA?

Ribosome

RNA and Protein Synthesis

5. What type of RNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes?

Ribosome

Proteins?

rRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

6. What type of RNA carries an amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis?

Amino acid

?

tRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

a) rRNAb) amino acidsc) enzymesd) codons

7. Proteins are made up of

RNA and Protein Synthesis

20

8. How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins in the body?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

mRNA

9. What type of RNA carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

10. What process is shown below?

Transcription

mRNADNA

RNAPolymerase

mRNA

DNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

11. Where in the cell does transcription take place? In the nucleus

RNA and Protein Synthesis

12. What is the enzyme that transcribes mRNA from DNA called?

mRNA

DNA

?

RNA Polymerase

RNA and Protein Synthesis

13. What molecule is being made by RNA polymerase? mRNA

DNA

RNAPolymerase

DNA

?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

314. How many codons are shown on the mRNA?

1 2 3

mRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

15. Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA.

Template DNA

mRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Polymerase

16. What enzyme were you simulating when you transcribed DNA into mRNA?

mRNA

Template DNA

15. Transcribe the following strand of DNA into mRNA.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Translation17. What process is shown below?

Ribosome

mRNA

tRNA

Protein

RNA and Protein Synthesis

18. What is the large, gray molecule?

mRNA

tRNA

Protein

?

Ribosome

RNA and Protein Synthesis

a. Ribosomes “read” DNA to make RNA.b. Ribosomes edit RNA to make DNA.c. Ribosomes “read” mRNA to make

proteins.d. Ribosomes break apart proteins into

amino acids.

19. What is the function of the ribosome?

RNA and Protein Synthesis

20. What are the building blocks that make up the protein shown below?

mRNA

tRNA

Protein

Ribosome?

Amino acids

RNA and Protein Synthesis

21. What is the name of the molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome?

mRNA

Protein

Ribosome

?

Amino acid

tRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

?

22. What is a group of three bases on tRNA called that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA?

tRNA

Amino acid

Anticodon

RNA and Protein Synthesis

23. What is the name of the long molecule that the ribosome is translating?

Protein

Ribosome

?

Amino acid

tRNA

mRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis24. The table below shows the __________ code , which is a collection of codons of mRNA and the amino acids they code for.

genetic

RNA and Protein Synthesis25. What are the anticodons that match the three mRNA codons shown below?

mRNA codons1 2 3

anti codonstRNA tRNA tRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

mRNA codons

tRNA tRNA

26. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the AUG codon codes for.

tRNA

M

Methio

nine

RNA and Protein Synthesis

mRNA codons

tRNA tRNA

27. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the CCU codon codes for.

tRNA

M

P

Methio

nine

Proline

RNA and Protein Synthesis

mRNA codons

tRNA tRNA

28. Use the codon chart to determine which amino acid the AAG codon codes for.

P

tRNA

MMe

thionin

ePro

lineLys

ine

K

RNA and Protein Synthesis

29. The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from messenger RNA is called

a. DNA synthesisb. Transcriptionc. Translationd. RNA editing

RNA and Protein Synthesis

30. Where in the cell does translation take place? In the cytoplasm

RNA and Protein Synthesis

31. The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

a. translationb. transcriptionc. transformationd. replication

RNA and Protein Synthesis

32. In messenger RNA, each codon calls for a particular

a. nucleotideb. enzymec. promoterd. amino acid

RNA and Protein Synthesis33. What space does DNA go in? B

DNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis34. What space does mRNA go in? G

DNA

mRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis35. What space does protein go in? E

DNA

mRNA

Protein

RNA and Protein Synthesis36. What space does translation go in? I

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

RNA and Protein Synthesis37. What space does protein synthesis go in? A

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis38. What space does transcription go in? C

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

RNA and Protein Synthesis39. What space does tRNA go in? J

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis41. What space does codon go in? K

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

codon

RNA and Protein Synthesis41. What space does amino acids go in? H

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

codon

Amino acids

RNA and Protein Synthesis42. What goes in space F? Anticodon

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

codon

Amino acidsanticodon

RNA and Protein Synthesis43. What goes in space D? RNA Polymerase

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

codon

Amino acidsanticodon

RNA Polymerase

RNA and Protein Synthesis44. What goes in space L? Ribosome

DNA

mRNA

Protein

Translation

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

tRNA

codon

Amino acidsanticodon

RNA Polymerase

Ribosome