RNA

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The BIG Picture…….

Objective:By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.

What is RNA?Ribonucleic acid is genetic information.

It is similar to DNA because it is also made of a sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases.

The structural differences between DNA and RNA

1. Sugars - DNA has Deoxyribose

in its backbone - RNA has Ribose in its

backbone.“deoxy” means without

oxygen.

The structural differences between DNA and RNA2. Nitrogenous Bases

- DNA has Thymine - RNA has UracilThey both have Adenine,

Cytosine, and Guanine

The structural differences between DNA and RNA3. Structure

- DNA is a double strand - RNA is a single strandThis allows RNA to leave

the nucleus

Types of RNA

1. Messenger RNA - mRNA - carries genetic

information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Types of RNA

2. Ribosomal RNA - rRNA• carries genetic

information for making new ribosomes.

• READS the message

Types of RNA

3. Transfer RNA - tRNA -Matches with mRNA

during translation- Connected to amino acids-Amino acids of neighboring

tRNA form a chain to make proteins.

DNATranscription

DescriptionDNA transcription is the process of creating messenger RNA (mRNA).

LocationDNA transcription occurs in the nucleus because that is where DNA is located.

How Transcription Works1. The DNA strand unwinds2. Complementary RNA nitrogenous bases match up with one side of the DNA strand3. The RNA is released from the DNA strand.4. The DNA rewinds.5. The mRNA leaves the nucleus.

Go to 2:54

Objective:By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.

Translation and Protein Synthesis

Interpreting the mRNA • Strands of mRNA are divided into

sections of 3 nitrogenous bases called codons.

• Codon – 3 bases that code for a specific amino acid.

Characteristics of tRNA• tRNA has anticodons that

compliment the mRNA codons• tRNA is attached to an Amino

acid that will form a protein chain.

Translation and Protein Synthesis• Translation is the process of

translating the genetic code of mRNA into tRNA.

• Protein Synthesis is the process of amino acids connected to tRNA bonding to form a protein.

• Translation and Protein Synthesis happen simultaneously.

Steps in Translation and Protein Synthesis1. mRNA enters the ribosome

2. Complimentary tRNA attaches to the start codon on mRNA

3. The mRNA moves through the ribosome

Steps in Translation and Protein Synthesis (continued)

4. The next mRNA codon is matched with the complimentary tRNA

5. Amino acids connected to both tRNA strands connect to each other

Translation – Protein Synthesis (continued)6. The process continues until a

stop codon is reached, releasing the protein.

Go to 4:47

Objective:By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence using the Snorks activity.