The statements contained herein are based on good faith assumptions and provided for general information purposes only. These statements do not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions. This document should not be used or relied upon for any purpose other than that intended by Boeing.
RNP AR APCH Approvals: An Operator’s Perspective
Presented to: ICAO Introduction to Performance Based Navigation Seminar
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ICAO PBN Standards – RNP AR APCH
Navigation specifications
RNAV RNP
RNP 4OceanicRemote
RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV1Route
Terminal
RNP10OceanicRemote
Basic-RNP1RNP APCH
RNP AR APCHvarious phases
RNPAdditional
requirement 3D & 4D
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RNP AR Approach Enabling Features
Narrow lateral linear segments(RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers)
Curved segments anywhere along the approach(Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths)
Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches(Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less)
Performance-based Vertical Buffers(Vertical Error Budget )
Narrow Segments
R
R
2 RNP
2 RNP
2 R
NP
2 R
NP
STEP 2:Locate Turn Center
STEP 1:
SegmentInitialFix
a=Rb=R+(2xRNP)c=R-(2xRNP)
SegmentTerminating
Fix
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
a
b
c
Tangent Points
Tangent Points
Apply para 2-2
Radius to Fix (RF) Segments Vertical Error Budget & Guided Missed Approach
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Why RNP Now? Why RNP Now?
Conventional Approach
RNPApproach
Benefits of RNPFuel price concerns
Environmental concerns (e.g. noise, emissions)
Airspace congestion
Safety concerns
Decreased operating costs
Increased revenue
Reduced environmental impacts
Increased schedule integrity
Improved safety
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Key Considerations for Obtaining RNP AR APCH Operational Approval
• Airline operational requirements specified by state regulations–Navigation Specification does not
constitute authorization,–Aircraft certified by state of manufacture–Operators authorized by state of registry
• RNP AR Approach operational approval from regulatory agency–RNP AR APCH operational approval similar
to Cat II and Cat III ILS approval• Airline shows it meets standards for:
–Equipment, training documentation, operations manuals and checklists, safety and MEL considerations
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Successful RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Requires All The Elements Be In Place
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
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Regulatory Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• Regulators must provide the regulatory basis–Procedure design criteria–Operations requirements–Approval process
• ICAO Performance Based Navigation Manual
RegulatoryCapability
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Airport and Facility Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
Airport & FacilityCapability• GNSS (GPS) availability.
–RNP AR approaches are only authorized based on GNSS as the primary navigation service.
• Location / Characteristics of Runway and Special Airport considerations
• Airport / aeronautical / terrain data compliant with ICAO Annex 15
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Air Traffic Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• To implement RNP Operations the airline must have access to RNP flight procedures
–Public Procedures–Airline In-house–Third party contract,
– e.g. Jeppesen• RNP operations may require
changes to ATC system interfaces and display to ensure necessary information on aircraft capability.
–ATC procedures–Controller training
• Mixed navigation introduces complexity.
Air TrafficCapability
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Airplane Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• In-service and new purchase airplanes must be configured properly to ensure eligibility for RNP AR
• Compliance with relevant airworthiness criteria• AFM information regarding minimum RNP (unless
state accepts manufacturer information)• Established maintenance procedures• MEL revision
Airplane Capability
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Airline Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations
• Obtain RNP AR Instrument Procedures (3rd Party – e.g. Jeppesen, in house, public)
• Validate Navigation database integrity• Acquire or equip qualified aircraft• Revise maintenance procedures• Develop Flight Crew procedures • Revise airline dispatch procedures • Implement RNP monitoring and
reporting• Prepare an application documenting
how RNP AR APCH requirements are met
AirlineCapability
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RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Process from Operator Perspective
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
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Step 1 Project Planning – Plan and Analyze
• Select project manager• Define project objectives and
requirements• Map out a long term vision of goals • Understand the applicable regulatory
requirements• Define project plan and schedule• Collect airport information • Perform cost-benefit analysis• Perform capability - gap analysis
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 1 Project Planning – Do
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
• Build a core team with skills required for success
• Explain the project plan, tasks and team member responsibilities
• Core team members should commit their availability for project duration– Typical Team Structure:
• Core Management Team• Procedures Team• Aircraft Team• Operations Team• Training Team
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Step 1: Project Planning – Review and Refine Plan
• Review project plan with key stakeholders, including regulator
• Refine project plan as appropriate• Key Considerations
– Most project plans require change and adjustments
– Understand and prepare for change– Build time into schedule for
unscheduled events
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
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Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation -Key Tasks
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required
• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
For Training Purposes Only
• Conduct feasibility study– Choose design criteria*– Estimate approach minima
• Design RNP Procedures:– Build procedures that comply with project plan– Evaluate data integrity, FMS coding and PBN
compliance– Validate procedures through simulation and
regulatory guidance– Demonstrate procedures as part of validation
flight, if required
* RNP AR APCH Design Critieria in ICAO RNP AR Procedure Design Manual
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Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Example Contents
Navigation Database Validation
Flight Operations / Operation Specifications
Training Program Revisions
Maintenance Procedure Revisions
Aircraft and System Qualification
Operational Safety Assessment
Regulatory Compliance
Airport and Facility Considerations
Air Traffic Coordination
RNP Operations Monitoring
Airline Validation Plan
Minimum Equipment List Revision
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval
• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual / checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
Typical contents for “Application for Operational Approval for RNP Operations”
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Flight Operations / Operation Specifications
•Documents the intended flight operations•Describes conditions and limitations for RNP AR APCH approval, e.g.,
– Corresponding flight crew procedures
– Standard procedures for conducting RNP operations
•The application should also include any documents used with the procedures such as checklists and briefing cards that standardize actions and ensure safety.
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Aircraft and Systems Qualification
• Documents airplane and system compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.
– Commercial Transport aircraft being delivered today have systems installed or options available to meet RNP AR APCH.
– Service Bulletins are available to upgrade newer models to meet most Navigation Specifications.
• This information is typically provided by aircraft manufacturer.
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Navigation Database Validation
• Document systems in place to ensure data is always correct.– Airline Internal Processes OR 3rd
Party Service (e.g. Jeppesen) for Quality Assurance of Navigation Database– Validation of data base
content– Specific AR APCH procedures
review• Approved Navigation Database
Source – Provider must “comply with
EUROCAE ED-76 / RTCA DO-200A, or equivalent approved procedures”
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Training Program Revisions
• Documents RNP training program and training (ground and flight) received by flight crews
• Documents RNP training for dispatchers and maintenance personnel supporting the conduct of RNP AR operations.
• The curriculum typically includes:– RNP based flight operations concept– Characteristic of RNP – Airplane Systems Requirements– Alerting and actions required– Dispatch Requirements– Minimum Equipment Requirements – Airport Specific Requirements
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Operational Safety Assessment
• Documents that the RNP operation is safely implemented in a State’s particular CNS/ATM environment
– Assessment of Normal Operations– Assessment of Rare-Normal and
Abnormal Performance – Operational Mitigations
– Airplane Systems– Flight Crew performance– Infrastructure
– Assessment Methodology– Statistical analysis
• ICAO Flight Operations Safety Assessment (FOSA)
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Airline Validation Plan
• Document plan for demonstrating to the regulator that have operationally incorporated the elements required for RNP AR operations.
• The validation plan should accomplish the following objectives:– Demonstrate the aircraft capability to
perform RNP SAAAR approaches– Demonstrate the applicant’s operational
and dispatch procedures– Demonstrate the effectiveness of the
applicant’s training programs
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Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Regulatory Review
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval
• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
• Operator demonstrates to Regulator:– The processes defined in applicant
package are the processes used by the Operator
– This check is specific and detailed– These events can be audited
• Key Considerations:– All the pieces of the applicant package
must fit together and be explained in this context
– Document management
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Step 4: Operation Implementation and Validation – Key Considerations
• Integrate training programs for flight crews, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel into existing manuals
• Continue RNP training• Perform operation validation
– Demonstrate to the regulator that the airline has incorporated all the elements required for RNP AR operations
Preflight:Dispatch Paperwork
PostflightData Collection and Reporting
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation
• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
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Step 5: Operational Approval Process and Implementation
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation
• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
• Coordinate events with regulator• The regulatory approval for RNP AR
APCH operations will specify the:• Type of procedures authorized • RNP levels authorized• Any limitations or restrictions on
the operations• Ops Specs Issued
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Success! RNP AR Approval Achieved!– Linzhi, China May 2007
*China Eastern Airlines – Total RNP solution provided by one integrated Boeing teamTotal RNP solution provided by Boeing (Boeing / Jeppesen / Alteon)Total RNP solution provided by Boeing (Boeing / Jeppesen / Alteon)
For Training Purposes Only
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Summary: Obtaining Regulatory Approval for RNP AR APCH Operations
• Desired results require cooperation between regulator, air traffic service provider, operator and airplane manufacturer
• Follow the project plan– Plan for and expect change.– Include regulator as key team
member from the beginning – Insight into what needs to be
accomplished• Consider the need for 3rd party
assistance in achieving your operational goals
Successful RNP Implementation Requires All The Elements Be Put In Place
= safe and efficient RNP operations
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
Airport & FacilityCapability
RegulatoryCapability
X X
AirlineCapability
X
Airplane Capability
Air TrafficCapability
X
Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule
Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required
Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight
Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR
Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process
Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority
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Boeing / Jeppesen RNP Solutions to support Airline RNP Operations
F u e l P r i c e sF u e l P r i c e s E n v i r o n m e n tE n v i r o n m e n t C o n g e s t i o nC o n g e s t i o n S a f e t yS a f e t y
• Brief RNP concepts to airlines and regulatory authorities
• Communicate the value of RNP operations
• Provide technical documentation for airplane systems qualification
• Develop a retrofit plan for in-service fleet (if required)
• Ops Approval Consulting FAA AC 90-101* / ICAO PBN
• Provide RNP training• Develop RNP Instrument Flight
Procedures and charts• Provide navigation data
For Training Purposes Only
*Boeing and Jeppesen have been qualified by the FAA to assist operators in preparing for the AC 90-101 application process. The use of this service should result in an expedited approval process.
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