Road Design 2009 Part I - Webarchiv ETHZ /...

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ETH ZürichInstitute for Geodesy and Photogrammetry - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Road DesignRoad Design

Werner StempfhuberWerner Stempfhuber

30.4.2009 (Lecture and Exercise)30.4.2009 (Lecture and Exercise)


- Introduction

- Reference Network

- Transformation Parameter – Coordinate Systems

- Design Parameter & Definition

- Design Preparation (Leica System1200 OnBoard ATK, Liscad)

- Calculation

- Stake Out with the Leica RoadRunner

- As Built Check

- Exercise

ContentContent

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IntroductionIntroduction

Geodetic Tasks ?

Reference Network, Surveying, DTM, Coord. Transformation, Fixpoints

Data Processing, Planning and Design Preparation Stake out of

math. ElementsAs-Built Check


IntroductionIntroduction

Measurement System Road Design

Stake Out

- Design Points or Parameter(Formats: TIN, DXF, DBX, XML, D45, …)

- Elements: Straight, Arc, Clothoid, SplinesRoad Design Software

Calculation “Soll-Ist-Vergleich”

- Rotation Ring Laser- Nivellement (Levelling)- GNSS- Total Stations As-Built Control

Application

Documentation

- Fixpoint Job - Trafo Set

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IntroductionIntroduction Road Construction Road Construction –– LayerLayer

Formation(Original Ground)

Subgrade

CL

Base Course(Asphalt)

Road Base(Asphalt)

Wearing Course(Asphalt)

Earthworks

Paving

Layer Description

Excavator/Dozer

Grader

Curb & Gutter

anti-freeze


IntroductionIntroductionStake Out - Road Elements Stake Out - Digital Terrain Model

Stake Out of a Roundabouta) Position to stake outb) Stringline to stake outc) Centrelined) Chainagee) ΔChainagef) ΔOffsetg) ΔHeigh

LL CL RL

Offset

Cross Section

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Coordinate Systems Coordinate Systems –– Transformation Transformation -- HeightsHeights

Transformation Approaches- 3D Helmert (7 parameter, ellipsoid and map projection) - one Step (height and position transformations separately

projected onto a temporary transverse mercatorprojection and translation, rotation plus scale factor)

- …


-Ellipsoid-7 Parameter-Projection

Coordinate Systems Coordinate Systems –– Transformation with LGO (3D Transformation with LGO (3D HelmertHelmert))

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One Step (LGO or Onboard)

- 4 Parameter- Projection: temp. TM

=> New Trafo Parameter – new Coordinaten System

=> Results

Coordinate Systems Coordinate Systems –– Transformation Transformation -- LGO one Step MethodLGO one Step Method


One Step (Onboard)


=> New Trafo Parameter – new Coordinaten System

=> Results

Coordinate Systems Coordinate Systems –– Transformation Transformation -- OnBoardOnBoard one Step Methodone Step Method

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One Step (Onboard)



Exercise:

Binary Code (Type is not displayed)


Start GNSS Simulator- Check TPS and GNSS Fixpoint Jobs- Start Onboard Application- Select Jobs- Define Method- Match Points

- Calc


Exercise:

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=> Similar Coord. System @ the GNSS & TPS Sensor



Road Design Parameter and DefinitionRoad Design Parameter and Definition

Types: - 2D- or 3D-Polyline(s) plus Slope Parameter- 3D Grid- DTM (TIN, Grid, …)- Profiles (X-Section)

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Road Design Road Design -- Parameter and DefinitionParameter and Definition

Deutsch EnglishDesignlinie (Stringline) StringlineQuerprofil (Rampenband) X-SlopeLängsprofil (Rampenband) “Rainfall“Quer & Längsneigung Roll & PitchKrone CrownSchicht Layer DGM DTMStationierung Chainage (Stationing)horizontale Strassentrasse Horizontal Alignmentvertikale Strassentrasse Vertical AlignmentQuerprofil Cross Section (X Section)


Road Design Road Design -- Parameter and DefinitionParameter and Definition

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Road Design Road Design -- DTMDTM

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It is also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM). A DEM can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) or as a triangular irregular network (TIN).


Road Design Road Design –– ElementsElements

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Road DesignRoad DesignThe Horizontal Alignment

The horizontal alignment defines the road axis of a project. The constituting elements of ahorizontal alignment are:

• straights (tangents)• curves (arcs)• spirals (clothoid or cubic parabola).

Each constituting element is defined by individual horizontal design elements such aschainage, easting, northing, radius and parameter (A2 = R * L).

In Easting and Northing



Elements:The Tangent - straight line between two points. It's end pointis identical with the beginning of a curve or spiral. The tangentis perpendicular to the radius of the curve.

The Curve (Arc) - circular curve with constant radius.

Spiral in - spiral transition from tangent to curve. Spiral out - spiral transition from curve to tangent.

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Road DesignRoad DesignThe Vertical AlignmentThe vertical alignment gives information about the pattern of heights of the road axis as itis defined in the horizontal alignment.The constituting elements of a vertical alignment are:

• tangents (straight segments)• curves• parabolas.

Each constituting element is defined by individual vertical design elements such aseasting, northing, radius and chainage.

Height

Chainage

0+00

0.00



Cross SectionA cross section gives a profile view. It requires vertical alignment or actual elevation on each station.The constituting elements are straight elements. The points are called vertices. You may optionally define slopes at the vertices most left and most right.

Points are defined by:• ∆H and ∆V• ∆H and slope in percentage• ∆H and slope ratio∆H horizontal distance from the centre line∆V vertical distance from the centre line (vertical alignment or actual elevation mandatory) − ∆V

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Road DesignRoad Design -- Station EquationStation Equation

Re-calculation


Design Design Preparation Preparation -- LeicaLeica

Leica is using the DBX file structureDBX is a database structure, common to Leica System 1200Leica Survey refers to this as “X-Function”

- Fixpoint Job (XYZ, Code, Measurement Elements, Time & Date)- DTM Job (3D Terrain Models)- Tunnel Job - Rail Job - Road Job (Alignments)

Leica uses the concepts of Projects and Jobs.A Project is a collection of designs, alignment references and localization sets specific to a job. A Project can support multiple JobsJobs are groupings of data to fulfill a specific application.Each Job is collection of Reference Lines

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Leica DBX File StructureLeica DBX File Structure

Binary Code (Type is not displayed)

XML\RR.xml


Design Design Preparation Preparation –– Leica Leica OnboadOnboad Application ATKApplication ATK

The Alignment Tool Kit application supports these alignment types:• Horizontal alignments• Vertical alignments• X-section• Chainage (Stationing)

System 1200 GNSS & TPS

A’’ (ENh) Point on horizontal alignmentA’ (ENh) Point on real surfaceA’’’ (ENh) Point on vertical alignment

- Horizontal alignment (A’’-B’’)- Projection of the horizontal alignmentonto the real surface (A’-B’)

- Vertical alignment (A’’’-B’’’)

The angle between the horizontal and the vertical alignment is the grade (α).

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Create a new Job in the ATL Application



Create a new Job in the ATK ApplicationChainage

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Create and Edit a Alignment

Create in CF Card\Data\XML\ Example ATK.xml



Horizontal Alignment

From Fixpoint Job or measure

Add point

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delete point => Chainage

Horizontal Alignment



Vertical Alignment

Parameter-Straight-Parabola (Grade In/Out, 2:1 hv)-Curve (Sag or Crest)

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Exercise Create a Designwith the ATK Tool

Points:

ID: 1E = 100 mN = 100 mH = 100 m

ID: 2E = 120 mN = 100 mH = 100 m

ID: 3E = 140 mN = 80 mH = 100 m

ID: 4E = 140 mN = 60 mH = 110 m

M1E = 120 mN = 80 mH = 100 mR = 20 m

M2E = 15500 mN = 60 mH = 110 mR = 10 m

ID: 5E = 160 mN = 60 mH = 110 m

ID: 6E = 160 mN = 120 mH = 90 m

Length = 31.416 m

Length = 31.416 m



Exercise Create a Designwith the ATK Tool

Points:

ID: 1E = 100 mN = 100 mH = 100 m

ID: 2E = 120 mN = 100 mH = 100 m

ID: 3E = 140 mN = 80 mH = 100 m

ID: 4E = 140 mN = 60 mH = 110 m

M1E = 120 mN = 80 mH = 100 mR = 20 m

M2E = 15500 mN = 60 mH = 110 mR = 10 m

ID: 5E = 160 mN = 60 mH = 110 m

ID: 6E = 160 mN = 120 mH = 90 m

Length = 31.416 m

Length = 31.416 m

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Template 1

Template 2

Template 3

CL


Design Design Preparation Preparation –– Leica Leica OnboadOnboad Application ATKApplication ATKThe X-Section TemplatesA X-Section gives a profile view. It requires vertical alignment or actual elevation on each chainage.The constituting elements are straight elements. The points are called vertices. You mayoptionally define slopes at the vertices most left and most right.Points are defined by:• ΔH and ΔV• ΔH and slope in percentage• ΔH and slope in ratio

The X-Section AssignmentsOne X-section is valid until a new one is defined at a chainage ahead. X-section definitioncan be at any chainage. The chainages need not necessarily correspond to chainages wherea design element starts or ends.

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The Chainage equationChainage Equations define adjustments for the chainage values in the horizontal alignment.These adjustments may be necessary when the horizontal alignments has been modified byinserting or removing a constituting element and the chainage in the horizontal alignmentwere not recomputed. This can be the case when editing manually or with a program whichdoes no automatic recomputation.

Convert to RoadRunner JobATK creates a log file during the conversion.

The file LandXml2Dbx.log can befound in the \Data\XML folder on the CF Card



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Additional Slides


Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner

The data representing a bike bath connecting two existing roads.This Design is used during the RR Exercise.

The bike path changes from a fill to a cut. Two different types of cross sections are used.

3 Layers

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Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner -- Setup Setup Setup TPS

E

N

E = 305 mN = 475 mH = 418 m

E = 306.026 mN = 446.027 m

E = 327.870 mN = 475.290 m

E = 301.489 mN = 460.000 m

Copy RR Files (RR_0330_143616.*) in … IntMem\DBX


Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner -- ConfigConfigCreating the Project and RR Task, RR Configuration

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Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner -- ConfigConfigCont => New Define a new Task

Project configurations, they are common for the whole project. For example how chainages are displayed.

Road configurations, they are road specific.For example the working corridor left andright of the alignment.

All configurations can be stored in configuration sets.

Press SHIFT CONF (F2) to access Configuration


Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner -- ConfigConfigChange Configuration / eg. Road Config Shift/Conf/Road Config/Info&Plt Change

Compare RR Manual (GNSS or TPS)

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Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner –– Stake outStake outStake out – CenterLine (Hubs or Peg every 5m) Straight Line

Load Exercise_2 (DBX)After RR Start select Resum


Stake out Stake out withwith Leica Leica RoadRunnerRoadRunner –– Stake outStake out

Next Chainage +5m

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CLΔ OffsetΔ Height

Cha

inag

e

LL RL


Smooth cross-slopetransition

1 2

34

Road Design Road Design –– D45D45

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Cross Slope

• A clockwise rotation about the axis of the machine in the direction of travel is a positive cross slope.

• An anti-clockwise rotation the axis of the machine in the direction of travel is a negative cross slope.

Direction of Travel

Clockwise RotationAnticlockwise Rotation

Road Road

Negative Cross Slope

CATCH

Positive

Cross Slope

SPILL

Road Design Road Design –– SlopeSlope DefinitionDefinition

Height


Long SlopeA clockwise rotation about the cross-axis of the machine, viewed from left-side of machine, is a POSITIVE long slope.

An anti-clockwise rotation about the cross-axis of the machine, viewed from left-side of machine, is a NEGATIVE long slope.

Direction of Travel

Positive rotation about the axis of the Machine

Negative rotation about the axis of the

Machine

Anticlockwise Rotation

ClockwiseRotation

Road Design Road Design –– SlopeSlope DefinitionDefinition

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Road Design Road Design –– Definition of Elevation Offsets Definition of Elevation Offsets

Positive Offset from design or Negative Correction

Negative Offset from design or Positive Correction

A down arrow will be displayed in the Corrections dialog and the As-built Log

An up arrow will be displayed in the Corrections dialog and the As-built Log

Design Reference line


Road Design Road Design –– Definition of Steer Offsets Definition of Steer Offsets

A right hand arrow will be displayed in the Corrections dialog and the As-built Log

Design Reference line

A negative Offset or deviation from

the design

Or a positive Correction

A left hand arrow will be displayed in the Corrections dialog and the As-built Log

A positive Offset or deviation from

the design

Or a positive Correction

Direction of travel

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- Straight (Tangent)- Curve- Spiral- Clothoid- …

Initialisation of the calculation (Find the elements)

Interpolation

E

NH


Parking Lot

Only one stringline (object) can be selected at a time

All the objects can be on the same layer


3 Layers

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Gap in the Polyline,

two Stringlines

Extrapolation



Design Design Preparation Preparation -- CAD ApplicationsCAD Applications

Design data format(different types depending on country, CAD system / design software program, user, file type etcMany different CAD / design software packages and applications exist Common CAD / design software packages are:

Topcon SiteLINK

Trimble SiteVision Office

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Each of these CAD software packages will output at least one of the following file types

DXF

LandXML

ASCII

CAD Application Output Format

Design Design Preparation Preparation -- CAD ApplicationsCAD Applications


Design Design Preparation Preparation -- LeicaLeica

In the Leica DataFlow following options are possible

System 1200 (TPS & GNSS) ATKOnboard Tool

Data Conversion via LGO (Design-to-Field or SiteManager)

=> Leica Data Structure DBX

Powell Gemini

DBXRoadrunneraddon.

exe

LandXML-DBX

CAD Application Data Transformation

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Design Design Preparation Preparation -- LandXMLLandXML FilesFiles

LandXML is an emerging standard for civil engineering survey and design supported by many companies and manufacturers.

Currently there are ~45 software products registered as LandXML compliantWebsite: www.landxml.org

There are 2 types of LandXML files:X-Slope, a template based design file based on cross sections (not usually used for paving)String based

These are transformed differently


Design Design Preparation Preparation -- LandXMLLandXML

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Design Design Preparation Preparation –– Leica Leica LiscadLiscad (TIN)(TIN)

Definition of a Project, Units, …

Creating a TIN Job


Design Design Preparation Preparation –– Leica Leica LiscadLiscad

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