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Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
Road Safety Audit General Introduction
Eva M. Eichinger , M.Sc., Ph.D.
Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology
Road Directorate Technology and Road Safety Division
1
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• RSA is a systematic procedure intended to give particular consideration to road safety requirements when planning and designing roads
• RSA is a safety check in the planning and design phase of road building and reconstruction projects (costs!)
• Includes also road furniture and the securing of roadwork zones
• Three parties are involved:• Road administrations
• Road Planners
• Auditors
What is RSA?
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
Involved Parties
Client
(Road Owner)
Planner Auditor
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• RSA ensures that
– (minimal) requirements of the current
guidelines associated with safety are observed
– Design and construction consider traffic safety
from the viewpoint of experienced auditors
– Safety is considered in addition to costs,
environment, local circumstances,....
Aim of RSA
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Safe use of traffic scheme for all
road users?
• Safest design within the
framework of design standards?
• More safety possible by
consideration of latest findings?
Principles of RSA
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
Frequent deficits of road sections
– Choice of unsafe/less safe cross sections
– Inconsistencies in horizontal alignment
– Inconsistencies in 3D alignment
– Insufficient passing sight distance
– Insufficient water run-off
– Deficient pedestrian and cycle facilities
– Missing road-side barriers/safety installations, insufficient prevention from road side obstacles
Why RSA?
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
Frequent deficits of road junctions
– Inappropriate type of junction (at grade, no signal control)
– Left turns without signal control– Insufficient visual perception (e.g. in tree-lined
roads)– No speed limit approach– Missing prohibition of overtaking– Misleading signs; signs hidden by sight
obstructions– Wrong road markings (e.g. position of stop lines,
missing continuous line,...)
Why RSA?
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
•Planning phase
•Draft design phase
•Detailed design phase
•Opening phase
When RSA?
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• No criteria to exclude projects from RSA depending on
– Costs
– Road type
– Road owner
What projects should be audited?
• Great deficits also at small projects
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
Procedure of RSA
Commission of the auditor by the client
All documents from the client
Independent analysis of deficits by the auditor
Audit report by auditor
Client decides on modification
Planner rectifies deficits Written justification of rejection
End of audit phase
Yes No
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Basic qualification
• Additional qualification by RSA courses
• Knowledge about recent state-of-the-art in
accident research
Requirements to the auditor
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Either: auditors work in units of administration not participating in the planning process
• Or: administration selects external auditors
• Or: combination of internal and external auditors
• RSA can be conducted by single auditor or audit team
Internal or external audit
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Formalised
– Separtate part of the project with procedural rules for client, planner and auditor
• Standardized
– Checkable standardised procedures with defined procedural steps (checklists)
• Independent
– Neither client nor planner must give the auditor instructions, auditor must not participate in planning
Framework conditions for RSA
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Analysis of foreign experience
• Analysis of national procedures in planning/design
• Coordination/discussion with Nat. Road Authorities
• Realisation of pilot audits
• Benefits and cost-effectiveness
• Guidelines for a National RSA
Milestones towards a national RSA
Road Safety Audit CEDR SG „Road Safety“Eva M. Eichinger Copenhagen, April , 2004
• Costs
– Costs of RSA
– Additional costs of planning
– Cost-expensive improvements
• Benefits
– Prevention of accidents
– No need for modification after construction
– No restrictions for user after opening
– Reduction of construction costs, e.g. because of less intersections
• Question: Who pays??? Liability of planners?
Costs and benefits of RSA