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ROAD TO WWIIROAD TO WWII
Peace EffortsPeace Efforts
Militaristic NationalismMilitaristic Nationalism
American IsolationismAmerican Isolationism
War in EuropeWar in Europe
FDR’s ResponseFDR’s Response
Japan & Pearl HarborJapan & Pearl Harbor
PEACE EFFORTS: ISOLATIONPEACE EFFORTS: ISOLATION
• Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928: war is illegalKellogg-Briand Pact 1928: war is illegal
• Latin America: Good Neighbor PolicyLatin America: Good Neighbor Policy– US pulls out of all Latin American NationsUS pulls out of all Latin American Nations– Platt Amendment rescinded, Cardenas okPlatt Amendment rescinded, Cardenas ok
• Japan: Disarmament ConferenceJapan: Disarmament Conference– Five Powers Treaty: 5:5:3Five Powers Treaty: 5:5:3– Nine Powers Treaty: Open Door PolicyNine Powers Treaty: Open Door Policy
• Isolation: People want no war or ties Isolation: People want no war or ties
Militaristic NationalismMilitaristic Nationalism
• Rise of Hitler: Nazi, Mein Kampf, Rise of Hitler: Nazi, Mein Kampf, – Chancellor 1933, Fuhrer, totalitarian gov.Chancellor 1933, Fuhrer, totalitarian gov.
• Rise of Mussolini: Fascism, DuceRise of Mussolini: Fascism, Duce
• Franco: Spanish Civil War, Lincoln Franco: Spanish Civil War, Lincoln BrigadeBrigade
• Russia:Stalin, hundreds of thousands Russia:Stalin, hundreds of thousands killedkilled– FDR recognizes Soviet Union 1933FDR recognizes Soviet Union 1933
• Japan: Attacks Manchuria 1931, Japan: Attacks Manchuria 1931, – invades Shanghai 1933, Chiang Kai-shekinvades Shanghai 1933, Chiang Kai-shek
Hitler and the NazisHitler and the Nazis
Mussolini with HitlerMussolini with Hitler
Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin
American IsolationismAmerican Isolationism
• Nye Commission: It says banks and Nye Commission: It says banks and armsarms– companies started WWI for profits companies started WWI for profits
• Neutrality Acts: “Never Again”Neutrality Acts: “Never Again”– No Loans to belligerentsNo Loans to belligerents– No trade, no arms salesNo trade, no arms sales– No sailing on belligerent shipsNo sailing on belligerent shipsAMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE: AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE: ANTI WAR PROTESTORS: college studentsANTI WAR PROTESTORS: college students
Charles LindberghCharles LindberghAmerica First CommitteeAmerica First Committee
WAR IN EUROPEWAR IN EUROPE• Hitler takes Rhineland(36) and Hitler takes Rhineland(36) and
Austria(38)Austria(38)
• Demands Sudentenland in CzechDemands Sudentenland in Czech
• Munich Pact 1938: “Peace in our time”Munich Pact 1938: “Peace in our time”– Chamberlain appeases HitlerChamberlain appeases Hitler
• Hitler invades Czech. 6 months laterHitler invades Czech. 6 months later
• Jewish Persecution: Nuremberg lawsJewish Persecution: Nuremberg laws– Kristallnacht, Jews no where to goKristallnacht, Jews no where to go
• Non-Aggression Pact: Hitler & Stalin(39)Non-Aggression Pact: Hitler & Stalin(39)– Hitler promises Stalin a chunk of PolandHitler promises Stalin a chunk of Poland– Hitler avoids a two front war Hitler avoids a two front war
Munich Pact: Munich Pact: “Appeasement”“Appeasement”
Hitler Takes Paris: June Hitler Takes Paris: June 19401940
FDR’S RESPONCEFDR’S RESPONCE• Change Neutrality Laws: “Cash and Carry”Change Neutrality Laws: “Cash and Carry”
– Congress rejects until after Poland. Congress rejects until after Poland.
• BlitzKrieg: Sept 1 Germany invades PolandBlitzKrieg: Sept 1 Germany invades Poland– April: Denmark and Norway, April: Denmark and Norway, – France surrendered June 22,1940, Vichy gov. France surrendered June 22,1940, Vichy gov. – 330,000 Britain escapes through Dunkirk330,000 Britain escapes through Dunkirk– London bombedLondon bombed
• Warships for Basis: 50 ships to BritainWarships for Basis: 50 ships to Britain– FDR: “We must help Britain”. $10 b military FDR: “We must help Britain”. $10 b military
budget budget
• FDR wins 1940 election against WilkieFDR wins 1940 election against Wilkie
• ““Lend Lease” (March 41) lend and carryLend Lease” (March 41) lend and carry
• German submarines 500,000 tons per monthGerman submarines 500,000 tons per month
Tojo: leader of Japan 1941-Tojo: leader of Japan 1941-19451945
JAPAN AND PEARL HABORJAPAN AND PEARL HABOR• Japan’s plan for Asian dominationJapan’s plan for Asian domination
– Japan attacks China, “Rape of Nanking” Japan attacks China, “Rape of Nanking”
• Tripartite Pact: Japan, Germany, ItalyTripartite Pact: Japan, Germany, Italy
• American oil and metal EmbargoAmerican oil and metal Embargo
• MAGIC: we break the Japanese codeMAGIC: we break the Japanese code
• Japan attacks IndochinaJapan attacks Indochina
• Hideki Tojo become virtual dictatorHideki Tojo become virtual dictator
• Pearl Harbor Dec. 11. 1941: 2400 Pearl Harbor Dec. 11. 1941: 2400 killedkilled
• ““A date which will live in infamy”A date which will live in infamy”
• Germany declares war on AmericaGermany declares war on America
Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 19412400 killed:18 warships:300 2400 killed:18 warships:300 planesplanes