ROAD TRANSPORTATION
ROADSMOST COMMON SURFACES ON WHICH PEOPLE
AND VEHICLES MOVE
KEY PART OF HUMAN & ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
TRANS -PORTATION ACTIVITIESSTRENGTHEN REGIONAL ECONOMY
INFLUENCE LAND & NATURAL RESOURCE USE
FACILITATECOMMUNICATION & COMMERCE
EXPAND CHOICES
SUPPORT INDUSTRY
AID AGRICULTURE
INCREASE HUMAN MOBILITY
HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING1. EARLIEST TRAVEL: FOOT ON PATHS AND
TRAIL2. PACK ANIMALS & CRUDE SLEDS3. DEVELOPMENT OF WHEEL4. ROMANS MOST ADVANCED HIGHWAY
SYSTEMS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD5. ROMANS CIVILIZATION’S PEEK MILITARY ROADS: BECOME PERFECTED
FOR WHEELED VEHICLES TO THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE
HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING6. AFTER THE DECLINE OF ROMAN EMPIRE:ROADS DISREPAIR COMMERCE TRAVELED BY WATER/ON
PACK OF TRAINS7. COMMERCIAL REVIVAL: INCREASED IN
WHEELED VEHICLES
HISTORY OF ROAD MAKING8. 18TH CENTURY: ART OF ROAD BUILDING
REVIVEDP. TRESAGUET – FRENCH ENGR. METHOD
OF LIGHTWEIGHT ROAD BUILDINGNAPOLEON BONAPARTE (1800-1814) –
ROAD CONSTRUCTING FOR MILITARY PURPOSES
SAME TIME, THOMAS TELFORD & JOHN MCADAM – SCOTTISH ENGR. ROAD BUILDING TECHNIQUES
ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT VEHICLES IN THE BEGINNING OF 21ST
CENT. 600 MILLION WORLDWIDE
… CONTINOUSLY GROWING THAN POPULATION / GNP
AMERICANS – OWNS MOST CARS (1:1.7) JAPAN – (1:2.1)GREAT BRITAIN – (1:5.3)
ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT HIGHWAYS – STRENGTHEN NATIONAL
UNITYTRANS-CANADA HIGHWAY
WORLD’S LONGEST NATIONAL ROADBUILT TO IMPROVE EAST-WEST
COMMERCE IN CANADACOMPLETED IN 1960’sGROWING ROAD TRAFFIC REQUIRED
INCREASINGLY ROAD CONSTRUCTION
TRANS-CANADA H.WAY
TRANS-CANADA H.WAY
1960’s WORLD BANK BEGAN TO FINANCE ROAD CONSTRUCTION, YET, SUSTAINABILITY WAS ALSO A QUESTION –
COULD THE FACILITIES BE MAINTAINED ONCE THEY WERE BUILT?
ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT
ROADS AND DEVELOPMENT1990’s WORLD BANK FINANCED A
PROGRAM TO BUILT AN ASPHALT RAOD NETWORK IN MOZAMBIGUE
ASPHALT KEY TO SMOOTH ROADS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCESPRIVATE TOLL ROADSCOMMUNISMPOOR COUNTRIESPOOR TRANSPORTNEED FOR CUTS & FILLS/BRIDGES &
TUNNELSSEVERE WEATHER CHANGES
HIGHWAY CLASSIFICATION1. BASIC TYPES– CONVENTIONAL UNDIVIDED 2-WAY ROAD– DIVIDED HIGHWAY MEDIAN
STRIPS/PHYSICAL BARRIERS2. LANES – DETERMINE AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC– TYPICAL 2-3– LOS ANGELES 5– SOME ONLY 1– TOLLWAYS USERS PAY
CONVENTIONAL ROAD
4 LANE DIVIDED HIGHWAY
LOS ANGELES LANE
CHINA TOLLWAYS
TOLLWAY
KOBE-WAWAJI-NARUTO EXPRESSWAY
HIGHWAY CLASSIFICATION3. ROADS – HIGHEST LEVEL; FOR LONG-
DISTANCE TRAVEL– EXPRESSWAYS – for high level of traffic– ARTERIAL– COLLECTOR– LOCAL IN URBAN AREAS