Roadmap for 5G Enhancements
to Communication Technology
FIIF Future Avenues - Aalto University
October 25th, 2016
Harri Holma, Fellow
Nokia Bell Labs
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USA, Japan
UK
France, Germany
Finland
Korea, Sweden
Latvia
Mobile data usage per subscription per month
Finland #1 in Mobile Data Usage – Great Starting Point for 5G
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5.0 5.0
3.6 3.5
2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.71.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Ja
pan
Fin
lan
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Ko
rea
Ch
ina
Fran
ce
Ger
man
y
USA
Ru
ssia UK
Sau
di
Netherla…
UK
USA
Arg
enti
na
Arg
enti
na
Ken
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Co
lom
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Sect
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Network density benchmarking
Korea, Japan,
Scandinavia
Europe, NAM
Africa, Latin
America
• Highest BTS density in
Korea, Japan,
Scandinavia and China
• Medium density in Europe
and North America
• Lowest density in Africa
and Latin America
• BTS density is very
relevant for network
capacity and coverage
Finland #1 in Base Station Density – Great Starting Point for 5G
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5G Requirements and New 5G Business Models
10 yearson battery
100 Mbpswhenever needed
Ultrareliability
10-100x more devices
10 000x more traffic
M2Multra low cost
>10 Gbpspeak data rates
<1 msradio latency
Massivemachine
communication
ExtremeMobile
Broadband
Critical machine
communication
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#2 Massive MIMO
Five Key Technology Components of 5G
#1 New spectrum
300 MHz
3 GHz
30 GHz
10 GHz
90 GHz
10 cm
1m
1 cm
3 mm
#3 Flexible frame design
User #3
User #2
User #5
User #2
User #4
Us
er #
1
User #5
Us
er #
1time
fre
qu
ency
User #3
One tile corresponds to the smallest user allocation
Dt
Df
#4 Multi-connectivity
#5 Distributed architecture
Gateway
• Lean carrier
• Flexible size,
control, TDD,
bandwidth etc
5G
LTE
Wi-Fi
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5G Coverage Footprint
5G <1 GHz
LTE800
LTE1800
5G 3500 mMIMO
5G mm-waves
• Full coverage with below 1 GHz
• Match LTE 2 GHz with 5G 3.5 GHz massive MIMO
• Extreme local capacity with mm waves
Deep
indoor
High rates with
LTE site grid
Extreme local
data rates
100 Mbps
1 Gbps
10 Gbps
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Simulations at 28 GHz– 1.6 Gbps Average User Data Rate with 800 MHz and Dual Stream MIMO
Inter-Site Distance 50, 70
and 100 m
2000 4000 6000
• 28 GHz frequency
• 800 MHz bandwidth
• 8x2 MIMO antenna
• 2 users per cell
Average
1.6 Gbps
Cell edge
0.6 Gbps
• Average data rate 1.6 Gbps
• Cell edge 0.6 Gbps
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Measurements at 28 GHz – Outdoor to Outdoor
A = 700 m line-of-sight (LOS)
B = 800 m non-LOS
C = 450 m LOS
D = 450 m VLOS
E = 350 m NLOS
F = 300 m LOS
G = 300 m LOS
I = 570 m VLOS
J = 750 m NLOS
K = 860 m NLOS
L = 350 LOS
1 Gbps with 300-700 m
line-of-sight connection
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Latency Evolution
• Strong evolution in latency with
new radios
• HSPA latency 20 ms
• LTE latency 10 ms
• 5G latency 1 ms
• Low 5G latency requires new
radio and also new architecture
with local content0
5
10
15
20
25
HSPA LTE 5G
ms
End-to-end latency
Transport + core
BTS processing
UE processing
Scheduling
Buffering
Uplink transmission
Downlink transmission
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Example Live LTE Network Latency MeasurementsTeliasonera Network in Helsinki
• 80% of end-to-end latency in Sonera network in Helsinki is caused
by LTE radio
• If Sonera deploys 5G radio on the current backhaul architecture,
there will be a major latency improvement.
Ping 11.1 – 13.8 msSpeedtest 13 ms
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• Antenna
• RF
• Low layers
Ethernet transport
Antenna site Transport
• Higher radio layers
• Multiconnectivity
• Interference management
• Mobile edge computing
• Distributed core
Local cloud
Nokia AirFrame
data center
Nokia AirScale
base station
Architecture Evolution to Cloud Radio
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5G Brings Major Improvement in Energy Efficiency
-40% -80%-55%
• Network level power savings
-50% at the typical operation
point of 10..20% network
utilization (over 24h period
and whole network)
• Idle base station power
savings -80%
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iPhone 7 Teardown RF partsLTE
baseband
Bluetooth /
Wi-Fi
Memory
Application
processor
Trans-
ceivers
RF
diversity
LTE modem is very small
part of smartphone
complexity and just 7%
of direct cost
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5G Schedule in 3GPP
5G study items
completed
L1/L2 freeze.
Non-standalone
Standalone higher
layers, new core
Massive IoT, critical
communication
2017 2018 2019 2020
5G above
40 GHz
Release 15 Release 16 Release 17
2016 2021
Release 18
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Qualcomm Snapdragon X50
• 5 Gbps with 800 MHz and MIMO
• 28 GHz
• Paired with 1 Gbps LTE modem with dual connectivity
• Sampling 2H/2017
• Commercial products 1H/2018
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5G Contributions in 3GPP in January-August 2016
050
100150200250300350400450500
Nokia Huawei Ericsson Samsung Qualcomm Intel ZTE LG Electr
SA1 SA2 SA3 RAN1 RAN2 RAN3 RAN4
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Great Discoveries by Solving Great Challenges in Communications and Networking
Bell Labs: A rich history of breakthrough innovations
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Beyond 5G… in India
Reliance India network is ready
for 6G – September 2016
Vodafone India considers 7G with
space roaming – June 2016
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Thank You!