Roadmap for Wearable StandardsJesse S. JurDepartment of Textile Engineering, Chemistry & Science
1next (nano-extended textiles) research group …Expanding the Influence of Nanotechnology in Textiles 2
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Research/Education Structure
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Technology Innovation Through Engineering Design
Materials Innovation Textile Electronic Systems Project-based EducationMaterials Design for ‘Today’ Technologies
Next-Gen Materials for ‘Tomorrow’
Wearable Systems
Non-Wearable Systems E-Textile Systems (Graduate Education)
Industry-Inspired Projects (Undergraduate)
Wearables for Animals (K-12 Curriculum)System Standards & Human Scenario Testing
next (nano-extended textiles) research group …Expanding the Influence of Nanotechnology in Textiles
5Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy of Korea
Wearable Technology Roadmap
6Standards from Product Idea to the Market, NC State Standards Workshop, Gordon Gillerman
From Lab to Market
7Gartner
Hype Cycle for Wearable TechOther Important Hype Cycles:
Battery TechnologyEnergy HarvestingInternet of ThingsComputation DevicesCommunication
8Gartner
Hype Cycle for Wearable Tech
“Providers of wearables are generally not meeting expectations set in the media and are no longer buoyed by hype.”
9Gartner
Hype Cycle for Wearable TechSuccessful depends on:
integration with parallel ecosystems for (health, entertainment content, IoT solutions, connected home or finance)encourage long-term use via incentives, new content, online groups, or organizationsuse data analysis, while respecting user privacy.
10Gartner
Hype Cycle for Wearable Tech“The return on investment from actual business cases is still being proven….
Most devices on the Hype Cycle for wearable devices have a moderate benefit rating.”
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Textile Electronic Wearables Today“Jess, to be honest…no one in this industry is making any money because there is not yet a market need.”- Innovation Director at large E-textile manufacturer*
*Verified by multiple times by CEO & CTOs
Takeaways: For the moment, we are in a busy space.
Our industry has a use-case problem that needs to be solved (quickly) before parallel technology threats outpace smart garment maturation.
Our industry needs to be predictive on use-cases so we can guide regional and global R&D…it will also help with the $$$.
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Barriers to Smart Garments/Textile ElectronicsConflicting Industry GoalsSupply Chain DisruptionBroad Market FactorsManufacturingStandards
Electronics Industry :: ‘Function’ FirstTextiles Industry :: ‘Comfort’ First
Transparency Market Research
‘
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Supply Chain DisruptionCurrent push is to reduce product cycles from 18 months to just a few weeks!!!
Customization = Local Manufacturing 14
StandardsFormation of a global competitive marketplace
Influence on: Conformity within global tradeInteroperability for enhanced medical relevanceCompetitivemarketplace/benchmarksEarly industry adoption
http://www.zerohedge.com
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From Lab to Market: Standards Development
Standards from Product Idea to the Market, NC State Standards Workshop, Gordon Gillerman 16
International Standards
Standardization activities on Wearable Smart Devices (WSD) in IEC, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tadashi Ezaki
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U.S. Standards System vs. Other Countries
An Introduction: American National Standards Institute & United States Standards System, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tony Zertuche
U.S. Standards Systemreliable – flexible – responsive
Market driven
Flexible and sector-based
Industry-led and government-supported
This system is designed to . . .Support a broad range of stakeholder engagementAddress emerging priorities and new technologiesAllow stakeholders to find the solutions that best fit their respective needs
As defined in the United States Standards Strategywww.us-standards-strategy.org
An Introduction: American National Standards Institute & United States Standards System, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tony Zertuche 18
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Standards Trade Barriers
Overly prescriptive or unique standards
Duplicative or burdensome testing or inspection procedures
Difficulty in knowing how to comply with
mandatoryrequirements
Labeling requirements that are not meaningful
or are misleading
Concerns about release of proprietary
information during testing
Product bans (not justified by science;
may be discriminatory)
Standards & Trade, NC State Standards Workshop, Eileen Hill 20
Copyrig
ht©
2010
RockwellA
utom
ation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
Standards from Product Idea to the Market, NC State Standards Workshop, Gordon Gillerman
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Challenge: Developing the Use Casedata
closed loop health
Best Use-Case Scenario
NeedsCustomizationQuick-to-ConsumerHigh Reliability‘Fusion’ Designers 22
What this looks like…
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System Design:Use-case/Risk Assessment Interoperability
Components:SensorsCommunicationInterconnectsConnectorsTextile
Standards Needs
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System Level Standards
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Wearable Factors
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Data:Low Power & Visualization
Form Factor:Flexible
Materials & Integration
Relevance:Perception of Technology
DeviceCompatibility
Electronic Textile – System Design
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IEC TC 100: AV multimedia systems & equipment
Standardization activities on Wearable Smart Devices (WSD) in IEC, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tadashi Ezaki
Historical Products Health Support Products
AAL Use Case Example
Watch type wearable device can;
track the older person’s location in everywhere,assist for navigation, instruction and communication in everywhere, watch health condition not only for older persons but also for all in everywhere.
Standardization activities on Wearable Smart Devices (WSD) in IEC, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tadashi Ezaki 29
Scenario: the searching system of the person with cognitive impairment who walks around finds him in early stage with secure data management system
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AAL Use Case ScenarioScenario: the searching system of the person with cognitive impairment who walks around finds him in early stage with secure data management system
Standardization activities on Wearable Smart Devices (WSD) in IEC, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tadashi Ezaki
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System Design StandardsRisk Assessment (iNEMI Guidance) IEC 60601 - Medical electrical equipment
NC State Standards Workshop, Tadashi Ezaki, J. McNulty 32
Evaluation Gaps of Wearables
Standardization activities on Wearable Smart Devices (WSD) in IEC, NC State StandardsWorkshop, Tadashi Ezaki
What’s needed? Relevant use-case scenarios
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System Components
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Wearable Product Platforms
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Trends:Detachable puck for ‘heart’ of electronics & battery necessary for washing.
High gauge wires for interconnecting devices to ‘heart’ of electronics – moving to conductive inks.
Conductive fabrics used of biopotentialsensors. Some move to conductive inks and silicones.
Complicated processing results in high cost and low product throughput. Call for automation, but investment price is not yet justified.
High shelf cost for maintaining inventory.
Evolution of Materials
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Conductive yarns: good availability; textile-like; complacent in materials innovation (no market need); challenging retrofit application
Conductive Pasteshigh materials & process innovation (flexible electronic markets); polyurethane & PVA growth; Retro-fit application
Conductive Inks (ink-jet)Improved materials/performance cost vs. screen print; back to fiber-level integration; multi-layer device design capable
Vapor Phase ProcessingBroad materials scope; patterning techniques well established in flex circuitry and semiconductor industry.
Evolution of Materials
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Conductive Pasteshigh materials & process innovation (flexible electronic markets); polyurethane & PVA growth; Retro-fit application
Conductive Inks (ink-jet)Improved materials/performance cost vs. screen print; back to fiber-level integration; multi-layer device design capable
Vapor Phase ProcessingBroad materials scope; patterning techniques well established in flex circuitry and semiconductor industry.
Use
in T
exti
le E
lect
roni
cs
Time
Conductive yarns: good availability; textile-like; complacent in materials innovation (no market need); challenging retrofit application
toda
y (p
roba
bly)
Evolution of Materials
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Conductive Pasteshigh materials & process innovation (flexible electronic markets); polyurethane & PVA growth; Retro-fit application
Conductive Inks (ink-jet)Improved materials/performance cost vs. screen print; back to fiber-level integration; multi-layer device design capable
Vapor Phase ProcessingBroad materials scope; patterning techniques well established in flex circuitry and semiconductor industry.
Use
in T
exti
le E
lect
roni
cs
Time
In-fiber Devices
Conductive yarns: good availability; textile-like; complacent in materials innovation (no market need); challenging retrofit application
Case Study: Printed Materials
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wink
wtpu
M. Yokus, R. Foote and J. S. Jur IEEE Sensors (2016)M. Yokus and J. S. Jur IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2016) 40
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Strategic Design
increasing arm length
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Optical Testing
1 mm
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Optical TestingAg Ink on Knit Fabric
2 mm
2 mm
2 mm 44
Optical Testing: Coating Efficiency
2 mm
Edge ResolutionVoids/Pin Holes
0% strain 10% strain 20% strain 30% strain
40% strain 50% strain 60% strain 70% strain
80% strain 90% strain 100% strain 110% strain
Optical Testing During Mechanical StrainAg Ink on Knit Fabric
2 mm45 46
Optical Testing During Mechanical StrainAg Ink on TPU Film
2 mm
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Optical Testing – Cross-Section Electro-Mechanical Testing
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Electro-Mechanical Testing: Cyclical StrainAg/AgCl on TPU on Knitted FabricAg/AgCl on TPU
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Ag/AgCl on TPU on Knitted Fabric Ag/AgCl on TPU on Knitted Fabric w/ TPU Encapsulation
Electro-Mechanical Testing: Cyclical Strain
Electro-Mechanical Testing
51M. Yokus and J. S. Jur IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (2016) M. Yokus, R. Foote and J. S. Jur IEEE Sensors (2016)
Testing for the ‘Human Scenario’
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10% pre-strain+10% oscillation strain, 1000 cycles
0.7 ohms R (initial vs. final) Self-healing effect observed100 wash cycles
shirt on
wearing shirt
shirt off
M. Yokus, R. Foote and J. S. Jur (In Review, 2016)
53ink-printed dry electrodes
skin-electrode impedance test (reference as a 3M red-dot electrode)
Biopotential Electrode: Impedance TestingImpedance Testing examines the frequency range that a measurement can be made that has a low noise.Low Noise = Low Frequency = Reduced Data = Reduced Power = Longevity of Use
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Biopotential Electrode Testing
IRB Approved Data CollectionProtocol 1 – Activities of Daily Life: 20 participantsProtocol 2 – Muscle Activation:10 participants
55w/ E. Lobaton (NC State)
Data Analysis
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Waving Motion
w/ E. Lobaton (NC State)
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Onesie with elastic inlay and 6 electrodes on the front
Onesie with elastic inlay. Two electrodes on the back
Onesie with spacers
Other Platforms Key Takeaways
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A sustainable window exists… …but, it is a crowded space with competitive technologies.
Follow the design process and develop standards that… …evolve from relevant use case scenarios.
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Get involved!
D13 Subcommittee on Smart Textiles Contact: Jennifer Rodgers - [email protected]
Sandeep Khatua - [email protected]
RA111 Electrically Integrated Textile Test Methods (2016) Contact: Diana Wyman - [email protected]
Conductive Thread/Yarn and Smart Textiles (2016)Contact: [email protected]
TC124: Wearable Electronic Devices and Technologies(originated from smb AhG 56 & SG 10)Contact: Shuji Hirakawa - [email protected]
Thank You!
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Group Website: http://next.textiles.ncsu.eduLinkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jessejur
next (nano-extended textiles) research group …Expanding the Influence of Nanotechnology in Textiles