THE ROLE OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER IN THE DESIGN AND REFURBISHMENT OF CANOPY

AND ROOF SYSTEMS, TO PROVIDE SOLAR ENERGY

ROB YOUNG PrEngYOUNG+SATHARIA

THE ROLE OF THE STRUCTURAL ENGINEER IN THE DESIGN AND REFURBISHMENT OF CANOPY

AND ROOF SYSTEMS, TO PROVIDE SOLAR ENERGY

SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION2. STATUTORY INFLUENCES3. IMPOSED LOADING INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURAL

CAPACITY OF CANOPY ROOFS.4. SERVICEABILITY AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS.5. THE OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR FUTURE

NEEDS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHERE WE ARE NOW

• GROWTH HAS STALLED IN RECESSION

o PROGRESS OF CATCHING UP COMMENCING

• INFRASTRUCTURE BOOM ANTICIPATED

o URBAN RAPID GROWTH

o GROWTH IN CONSUMERS MOTOR VEHICLES

• TRANSPORTATION IS SOUTHERN AFRICA’S FUTURE ECONOMIC DRIVER

o REQUIRING ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

o LEADING TO AN INCREASE IN MOTOR VEHICLES

1.2 A MOVE TO SUSTAINABILITY

• BUILDING STRUCTURES ARE ABSORBING AN INCREASING AMOUNT OF ENERGY

o RESPONSE BY THE SERVICE STATION INDUSTRY REQUIREDo WE MUST REDUCE CARBON FOOTPRINT o RECYCLABLE STEEL STRUCTURES ARE SUSTAINABLE

• SHALL I INVEST IN SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGYS

o WILL IT REDUCE MY LIFE CYCLE RUNNING COSTS

• QUESTIONS TO ASK

o HAS IT MARKET VALUEo WILL IT GIVE ME A COMPETITIVE EDGE

1.3 FUTURE OBJECTIVES

• FUTURE MEGA TREND MUST PROVIDE FOR :

o POPULATION GROWTH

o URBANISATION

o CLIMATE CHANGE

o ACCELERATED TECHNOLOGY

• ENERGY EFFICIENCY = RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

• BUILDINGS MUST THEREFORE

o BECOME ENERGY POSITIVE

o BECOME ENTRY EFFICIENT

o BECOME SUSTAINABLE

• SERVICE STATION CANOPIES CAN PROVIDE THAT OPPORTUNITY

2. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS 2.1 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

• IN SOUTH AFRICA AT PRESENT• COAL 88 %• NUCLEAR 7 %• RENEWABLE 1 %

• OPTIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS TO ESKOM GRID

• USING THE SUN – SOLAR RADIATION o PHOTO VOLTAIC PANELS

- EFFECIENCY AND COST IMPROVING - LIGHT MASS PANELS FACING SUN

o SOLAR HEAT RADIATION - WATER HEATING SYSTEMS

- REQUIRES STORAGE TANK AND GEYSER SYSTEM

• USING THE WIND o PREDOMINANT FOCUS INTERNATIONALLYo NOT CONSISTENT ENOUGH AND VARIES THROUGH COUNTRYo WOULD REQUIRE COSTLY BATTERY BACKUPo PHYSICAL ACCOMMODATION AND AESTHETICALLY DIFFICULT

• CONCLUSIONo PHOTO VOLTIAC PANEL MOST SUITABLE FOR CANOPY ROOFSo PREDICTION THAT UP TO 20 % GENERATION AVAILABLE IN SOUTH AFRICA

2.2 DOCUMENTATION • REQUIREMENTS TO MEET THE BUILDING REGULATIONS SANS 10400

o PLANNING PERMISSION

o ELEVATION CONTROL

o ARCHITECTURAL PLAN SUBMISSION

o STRUCTURAL STABILITY CERTIFICATION

o NO RESTRICTIONS OR REQUIREMENTS

TO NOTIFY LOCAL AUTHORITIES WHEN ADDING

• OTHER DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE

o PROMOTION ADVICE FROM ESKOM

o ACCREDITATION FOR GREENSTAR S.A RATING (SINCE 2008)

o SARS REFUND – NATIONAL ENERGY ACT 2008

ALLOWANCE FOR EVERY EFFICIENT SAVINGS

3. IMPOSED LOADING INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURAL

CAPACITY OF CANOPY ROOFS

3.1 EXISTING STRUCTURES

APPLIED LOADING FOR STRUCTURAL STABILITY

• ROOF ACCESS LOAD SABS 10160 +0.25 KPa

• WIND LOADS

ALTITUDE, TERRAIN, LOCALITY,BUILDING SHAPE

FORCES RANGE FROM:-

- SEVERE COASTAL -1.33 KPa / +0.20 KPa

- URBAN INTERIOR -0.49 KPa / +0.48 KPa

• PREDOMINANT LOAD TO STRUCTURE IN MOST SITUATIONS

IS DUE TO WIND UPLIFT, RESULTING IN:-

- LARGE FOUNDATIONS

- RAFTERS DESIGNED FOR UPLIFT CASE

• OPPORTUNITY FOR:-

- INCREASING GRAVITY VERTICAL LOAD

eg. PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS +0.15 KPa

FLAT PANELS PREFERRED

SAIL EFFECT MAY REQUIRE BRACING

3.2 NEW STRUCTURES

• DESIGNED FOR VOLTAIC PANELS DIRECTLY

• LITTLE INFLUENCE ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND COST

• ANGLED PANELS CAN BE ACCOMMODATED IF NECESSARY

• OPTIONS OF OMITTING ROOF SHEETING AND REPLACING WITH PANELS

• EXPLORING NEW CONFIGURATIONS

4. SERVICEABILITY AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS

• STRUCTURAL FORM

o STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME WORK BEST OPTION

- STEEL IS GREEN DUE TO RECYCLE SUSTAINABILITY 40 - 80% REUSE

o PREFABRICATION OPPORTUNITIES

- MODULAR CONSTRUCTION OFF SITE

- FAST TO ERECT / DISMANTLE / RE-ERECT

o OPTION TO APPROACH DESIGN AS AN INTERGRATED

SYSTEM

o PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL TYPES

- RIGID PANELS FIXED TO SHEETING IN FRAMES

- PANELS GLUED TO A BASE SURFACE

- FLEXIBLE ROLLS GLUED TO A SURFACE

- AS A ROOF PANEL

5. THE OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR FUTURE NEEDS

5.1 OVERVIEW• OPPORTUNITY IS A CHALLENGE

- A CHALLENGE IS AN OPPORTUNITY

• JOIN THE BANDWAGON ON SUSTAINABILITY

- LOOK YOUR GRANDCHILDREN IN THE EYE

• EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW MARKET FIELD

- ELECTRIC CARS?

• WORKSHOP POTENTIAL IN SOUTH AFRICA

• INVEST IN INNOVATION

• THINK AHEAD IN A NEW DESIGN APPROACH

5.2 APPROACH DESIGN AS AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM

• CHANGE THINKING FROM SEPARATE SYSTEMS

• COLLABORATE WITH SYSTEM SUPPLIERS TO ACHIEVE ECONOMICS OF STRUCTURE

• USE OF 3D/BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING TO CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM

- STRUCTURE / PANELS / ELECTRIC SERVICES

• USE OF LIGHT STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM OPTIONS

5.3 CONCLUSION

• OPPORTUNITIES NOW EXIST FOR:-

o THE REFURBISHMENT OF EXISTING CANOPIES AND ROOFS

o THE DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE ROOF SYSTEMS