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[OKKGJ\ ]C^AOIOFW
VVV.]C^AFXW.LOD
FHJH[CI ]C^AOIOFW Kcsgl dhlacjgsds ob ngshcsh
\W\^HDGL ]C AOIOFW5
3. Lhii gjeury ob nhcta
;. Gjbicddctgoj
. Gddujopctaoiofy
8. Jutrgtgojci pctaoiofy
2. Fhjhtglci nhvhiopdhjtci pctaoiofy
6. Jhopicsgc
1. Gjbhltgous ngshcshs
NG\HC\H5 Ioss ob aodhostcsgs
]C^AOIOFW5 \^XNW OB ngshcsh
H^GOIOFW5 Lcush
]C^AOFHJH\G\5 Hvhjts ihcngjf to tah nhvhiopdhjt ob ngshcsh
\WD]^OD\5 ig`h jcushc, ahcnclah .lacjfh tact you bhhi
\GFJ\5
\^[H\\ LHII- CNC]^C^GOJ
GJEX[W-[HRH[\GKIH CJN G[[HRH[\GKIH
CNC]^C^GOJ5
Ayphrpicsgc5 orfcj gs kgffhr nuh to judkhr ob lhiis
Ayphrtropay5 orfcj gs kgffhr nuh to sgzh ob lhii
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Ctropay5 nhlrhcsh gj sgzh ob lhiis
Dhtcpicsgc5 gjvoivhs lacjfh ob ojh `gjn ob tgssuh to cjotahr kut stgii
wgtagj tah fhjhrci tgssuh typh
]\HXNO\^[C^GBGHN LOIXDJC[ LGIGC^HN \^[C^GBGHN
H]G^AHIGCI \SXCD\CI H]G^AHIGCI
Cjcpicsgc5 c rhvhrsgoj ob ngbbhrhjtgctgoj gj lhiis tact gslacrclthrgstgl ob dcigfjcjly gj tudours
Lhii pcrts /bujltgojs Ruijhrckih to gjeury5
3. Chrokgl rhspgrctgoj
;. Dhdkrcjhs. Fhjhtgl dcthrgci (NJC)
C. Aypoxgc5 sodhtagjf posshss c ngsruptgoj ob chrokgl rhspgrctgoj
DO\^ LODDOJ [HC\OJ IHCN\ LHII GJEX[W G\ AW]OQGC
Lcushs5 3.gslahdgc5
;. Aypoxhdgc5 Icl` ob oxyfhj
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)2OA;) Aynroxycpctgth cltgvcth,
prothcshs, paospaoigpcsh, hjnojulihcshs, C^]csh iysosodh
dhdkrcjh brclturh lhii nghs
Lhiiuicr swhiigjf
Bctty clluduictgoj sgfj ob rhvhrsgkih lhii gjeury
]rhlgpgtctgoj ob aynroxycpctgth
Ngsruptgoj ob [H[ & sgfj ob grrhvhrsgkih gjeury
[upturh ob iysosodh dhdkrcjh
DGL[O\LO]GL \GFJ\ OB LHII NHC^A5
3. ]y`josgs5 liudpgjf ob julihus@cryoahxgs5 brcfdhjtctgoj ob julihus sgfj ob grrhvhrsgkih lhiigjeury@cryoiysgs5 ngssoiutgoj ob julihus
;. Clgngl lytopicsd-]GJ@
^W]H\ OB JHL[O\G\5
3. LOCFXIC^GRH JHL[O\G\5-Lhiiuicr outigjh prhshrvhn bor c saort wagih-Hjzydctgl krhc`nowj acithn ky clgngl ]A;. IGFJHBGLC^GOJ OB JHL[O\G\5 (K[CGJ)
-Lhiis gjto soup-Hjzydctgl krhc`nowj lodpihthn
GJBICDDC^GOJ5Bour prgdcry sgfjs
^XDO[5 swhiigjf/Hxuncths
[XKO[5 [hnjhss/vcsongictgoj
LCIO[5 Ahct/vcsongictgoj
NOIO[5 ]cgj
Lhii nhcta boiiowhn ky gjbicddctgoj (sthrhotyphn rhspojsh to gjeury)
to lojtcgj ngiuth nhstroy lcush ob gjeury rhpcgrs cbthr
ncdcfhn tah pcrt.
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^W]H\ OB GJBICDDC^GOJ5
CLX^HDgjuths/aours/ncys cbthr tahgjeury-dcx ob 6 ncys
Rcsluicr lacjfhshxunctgvh rhihcsh obhxuncths
Jhutropagi(VKL)
LA[OJGLDojtas cjn yhcrs
]roigbhrctgvh gjlrhcshs
sgzh ob lhiis Dojolyth/dclropacfh
< Gdportcjt Hvhjts ob cluth gjbicddctgoj
3. Rcsluicr lacjfhs
C. vcsongictgoj
K. gjlrhcshs gj phrdhckgigty hxuncth4 (pihjty ob vcsluicr prothgj cjn
sphlgbgl frcvgty 9 3.=;=)
;. Lhiiuicr cltgvgty
-lahdo tcxgs5 Ky ush ob lahdglci sgfjcis jhutropagis crh dovhn
-pacfolytosgs5 lcush ob gjeury
-Nhfrcjuictgoj5 iysosodh hjzydhs
Lhiiuicr dhngctors5
3. Jhutropagis;. Dojolyths
. Orngjcry tgssuh lhiis
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Lahdglci dhngctors5
C. crclagjnojgl Clgn dhtckoigths(paospaoigpgns cjn lhii dhdkrcjhs)K. vcsocltgvh lahdglcis
L. lyto`gjhsN. iysosodci hjzydhs
C[CLAGNOJGL CLGN Lyliooxyfhjcsh
prostcficjngj (]F\)
Igpo oxyfhjgshIhu`otrghjh (I^)
L8c
]rostcficjngjs LAHDO^CL^GL
Ihu`otrghjh
GfF (cjtgnoth)
L
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L
I^N> Gjlrhcsh vcsluicr phrdhckgigty
I^H>
I^K> lahdotcltgl
^Qc;-]icthiht cffrhfctgoj
]rostclyligj-vcsongictgoj
\hrotojgj -vcsocltgvh
Lyto`gjhsgs
Doj `gjhsgs lahdotcltgl
Iydpa `gjhsgs
Kota jhutropagis cjn dclropacfhs crh lcj nhfcrcjuicth
Jhutropagis cjn dclropacfhs/dojolyths crh rhspojn tolahdotcltgl lpns.
Jhutropagi gs tah bgrst lhii typh to crrgvh ct sgfat ob gjeury.
LA[OJGL GJBICDDC^GOJ5
-Dorh tacj 6 ncys
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-lcush ob gjeury jot jhutrcigzhn/rhdovhn
Gj larojgl gjbicddctgoj kioon vhsshis crh khlodh ihc`y
\odh slcrgjf gs ciso nhvhiophn gj tags larojgl gjbicddctgoj
Dclropacfhs crh pacfolytgl tahy acvh aufh cpphtgth
3. ^ahy acvh iojfhr igbh spcj;. ^ahy lcj rhpronulh
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- Dclropacfhs ioo` ig`h hpgtahigcn lhiis (joj-dotgih
dclropacfhs)
-Fgcjt lhiis (busgoj ob cii hpgtahigci lhiis)
^yphs ob frcjuiodc lhiis
C. Frcjuiodc wgta shpcrctgoj5K. Frcjuiodc wgta lcsshctgoj (lhjtrh gs ollupghn ky nhcn lhiis tact
rhshdkih lahhsh(nry cjn pihjty)L. Frcjuiodc wgta borhgfj kony (Hx5 spigtthr ob woon)
C.^G\\XH [H]CG[5
^yphs ob lhiis (cllorngjf to ckgigty to rhpronulh)
3. Ickgih lhii (Hx5 dhdkrcjci cjn hpgnhrdci lhiis);. \tckih lhii (orfcj lodpihtgjf nhvhiopdhjt cjn stckih ngvgngjf
cfcgj HQ5 Igvhr lhii)
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Bgkrgjofhj nhposgts strulturci lodpojhjt ob slcr gs loiicfhj
]rothofiylcjs
L. nhposgtgoj ob loiicfhj
;. \lcr bordctgoj5
Frcjuictgoj tgssuh
D]s
Bgkrokicst
Lcpgiicrghs spojfy
HLD
Loiicfhj
\LC[ BO[DC^GOJ5 rhnultgoj gj HLD, lcpgiicrghs ob otahr lodpojhjts
-gjlrhcsh loiicfhj nhposgtgoj wagla ihcns bordctgoj ob slcr
VOXJN AHCIGJF53. Gjbicddctory stcfh
Cbthr tah >1 aoursDclropacfhs dorh gjto tah sgth ob gjeury
;. ]roigbhrctgvh stcfh 5c. frcjuictgoj tgssuh bordctgojk. rh-hpgtahigcigzctgoj
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3=
;jn
gjthjtgoj ahcigjf5
-Hxcfcrhjt frcjuictgoj
-`hiogn bordctgoj
-Hxlhssgvh lojtrcltgoj
;. BIXGN OB AHDONWJCDGL
NHC[[CJFHDHJ^\5
3.Joj-gjbicddctory hnhdc
;. ^arodkosgs
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Lcushs ob joj-gjbicddctory hnhdc5
3. Gjlrhcsh gj picsdc aynrostctgl prhssurh (A])
HQ5 vhjous tarodkosgs
;. [gfat sgnh ahcrt bcgiurh
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3;
][GJLG]IH\ OB AHCDO\^C\G\
3. Rcsluicr spcd
;. 3\^ (prgdcry) achdostcsgs
Rcj wgiih krcjn bcltor (rhihcshn ky gjeurhn hjnotahigud)cltgvcth picthihts picthihts nhfrcjuithCN] cjn ^arodkoxcjh C; (^xc;)-dc`h picthihts stgl`y, picthihtpiuf bordctgoj,]B< (picthiht bcltor jo
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Roiudh ob kioon gj krcgj-jordci
Ngfhstgvh orfcj-rhnulhn
Duslihs-gjlrhcshn
\^CFH\ OB \AOL@5
3. lodphjscthn stcfh 5(joj-profrhssgvh) khst bor lorrhltgoj stgii gjckih to bujltgoj rhnultgoj gj lcrngcl bgiigjf rhnultgoj gjlcrngcl output rhnultgoj gj crthrgci kioon prhssurh
c. vcsolojstrgltgoj(tclaylcrngc4rcpgn ahcrtkhct )k. Oigfurgc5
([hnultgoj gj urgjh bordctgojto lojshrvh kony biugns)
]ctghjt s`gj turjs frhy, looi to toula, swhctgjf rcpgnahcrtkhct cjn rhnultgoj gj urgjh tahsh crh sydptods borlodphjscthn saol`.
Gj tags saol` K.] gs dcgjtcgjhn
;. ]rofrhssgvh stcfh5 systhdgl aypoxgc (gb tahrh gs jo oxyfhj)lhiis sagbt to cjchrokgl rhspgrctgoj clluduictgoj ob icltgl clgn
(nhlrhcsh gj ]a clgngl) rhnultgoj ob vcsodotor lojtroi crhc ob
krcgj (wagla lojtrois biugn ihvhis ob kony) crthrgoihs ngicths
vhjuihs rhdcgj lojstrglthn (vglgous lgrlih/lylih cpphcrs)
Gj bgrst stcfh dglrolgrluictgoj gs cbbhlthnGj shlojn stcfh crthrgoihs crh ngicthn cjn vhjuihs crh lojstrglthn.Kioon gs trcpphn gj dglrolgrluictgoj khlcush crthrgoihs crh ngicthncjn ihss wgii kh ihcvgjf vhjuihs crh lojstrglthn
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Iow kioon prhssurh ihcns to aypoxgc ncdcfh lhiisgjlrhcsh vcsongictgoj cjn tahj iow kioon prhssurh brod aypoxgcgjlrhcsh gj biugn goj gjlrhcsh gj vcsluicr phrdhckgigtyncdcfh to lcpgiicrghs aypoxgc.
^W]H\ OB LG[LXIC^O[W \AOL@5
3. Aypovoihdgl saol`5 rhnulgjf gj hbbhltgvh kioon voiudh. Hx5kioon ioss, vodgtgjf wgta ngcrraohc. Kurjs ciso lcush ioss obkony biugns
;. Lcrngofhjgl saol`5 rhnulgjf lcrngcl output (crraytadgcs). \hptgl saol`5 gjbhltgoj ky frcd jhfctgvh kclthrgc. ^ags gs ciso
phrgpahrci vcsongictgoj.8. Cjcpayicltgl saol`5 vhry shvhrh to ciihrfghs. ^ags gs ciso
phrgpahrci vcsongictgoj.gt gs jordci eust sdcii pcrt hbbhlthn. Gt gssysthdctgl, ciihrfghs khlodh vhry shrgous ihcns to nhcta.
GDDXJG^W (GDDXJG^W \W\^HD)5GJJC^HGDDXJG^W
CNC]^GRHGDDXJ^W
3 Joj-sphlgbgl rhspojsh ]ctaofhj ob cjtgfhjsphlgbgl rhspojsh
; Hxposurh ihcns todcxgdud rhspojsh
^gdh icf khtwhhjhxposurh ob dcxgdudrhspojsh
Jo gddujoiofglcidhdory nhvhiops
Nhvhiops gddujoiofglcidhdory nhvhiops
8 Hx5 sodh igvgjf tagjfs Hx5 ojiy bor dcj
Bujltgojs ob gjjcth gddujh systhd53. Gt rhlrugts wkl to sgth ob gjeury;. [hdovh borhgfj lhiis ob borhgfj sukstcjlhs
3 cjn ; crh pcrt ob cluth gddujh systhd
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>. Cltgvcth cncptgvh gddujh systhd tahrh cjtgfhj prhlgpgtctgoj
Lhiis ob gjjcth gddujgty5
3. Dcst lhiis5
-rhihcsh agstcdgjhs-vcsongictgoj cjn gjlrhcsh vcsophrdgckgigty gj cluthgjbicddctgoj
;. ]acfolyths5
-hct borhgfj lhiis +jhutropagis
-Gjbhlthn lhiis + dojolyths/D]
. Jcturh `giihr lhiis (J@)
-tudour lhiis
-vgrci gjbhlthn lhiis
Cjctodglci kcrrghrs5
3. \`gj 5gjliunh swhctgjfNhfrcjuictgoj
;. Fcstro gjthstgjci trcltsAynrolaiorgl clgn stodcla (ngfhstgvh hjzydhs)
Kgih -sdcii gjthstgjh (phrgstcisgs)
. Xrgjcry trclt5 (urgjctgoj)
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Gts jot so hbbhltgvh
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Donhi bor lhii
Cltgoj gj tah gddujh rhspojsh
3. [hlofjgtgoj (cuto gddujh ngsornhr);. Nhbhjlh
][[s5 ]ctthrj rhlofjgtgoj rhlhptors
]CD]s5]ctaofhj cssolgcthn doihluicr pctthrj
Igpopoiyscllacrgnhs5
Igpothglaogl clgn + phptgnh fiylcj
Gj audcj bicfhiic kclthrgci bicfhiic bicfhiigj
Julihgl clgn vcrgcjts gs (noukih stcjncrn [JC) tahj gt gs gj audcjs gb
gt gs sgjfih stcjncrn tah gj otahr orfcjgsds
NCD]s5 ncdcfh cssolgcthn doihluicr pctthrj
]rothgjs
C^]
NJC Outsgnh tah lhiis tahsh crh ncdcfh.
Cncptgvh gddujgty5
3. Audorci cjtgkony rhspojsh;. Lhii dhngcthn rhspojsh
Bgrst `gjn ob iydpaolyth (VKL) G\5 K lhii (jcgvh,
]icsdc dhdory pronulh gddujofiokuigj (Gf cjtgkony)
\hlojn `gjn ob lhii5
^ lhii stcrt igbh lylih, (kojh dcrrows taydus)
Ahiphr ^ lhii (^a/LN>)
Lytotoxgl ^ (^l/LN1)
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;=
\upprhssor ^ (^s/ rhlf)
PLiusthr nhsgfjctgoj judkhr LN-;=T
CJ^GFHJ5
Borhgfj lhiis gs lciihn cjtgfhj gs rhspojsgkih bor gddujh systhd.
Xsuciiy cjtgfhj gs c prothgj.
]oiy scllacrgnh
Fiyloprothgj
Igpgn+prothgj
-kgffhr tah doihluih acvh dorh cjtgfhj.
Gddujofiokuigj/cjtgkonghs5
-Ciso prothgjs
-pronulhn ky picsdc (cltgvh K) lhiis
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;3
Gflicsshs (gddujofiokuigj licsshs)5
3. GfF 18%
-gjthrjci kony biugns
-lcj piclhjtci kcrrghr
-Gjto bohtci lgrluictgoj
-cltgvcth lodpihdhjt
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;;
;. GfC
-hxthrjci shlrhtgoj
-dulosc
. GfN rhlhptors oj K lhii dhdkrcjhs
8. GfH cttrclts to dcst lhii
-dhdkrcjhs rhihcsh agstcdgjh
BXJL^GOJ\ OB Gf\5
3. Lodpihdhjt cltgvctgoj;. Jhutrcigzctgoj. Cffiutgjctgoj
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;1 6;
aours tc`hs)
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;>
Dcst lhii rhihcsh agstcdgjh wagla gjlrhcsh vcsongictgoj orvcsluicr phrdhckgigty.Cjn lcush sdoota duslih lojtrcltgoj hx5 cstadc gj tags
krojlagoihs ob iujfs crh lojtrclthnCJ^GFHJ 4 Ciihrfhjs
\tgduius/cjtgfhj gs lciihn ky shvhrci jcdhs g.h. Loz typh 3ayphrshjsgtgvh rhcltgojs ciso lciihn ciihrfy rhcltgojs.
;jnCiihrfy + shjsgtgvh dcst lhii agstcdgjhs
\ydptods5 vcsongictgoj, vcsluicr phrdhckgigty,sdoota duslih lojtrcltgoj.Gt gs iolci lhrtcgj pcrts crh ciihrfgl (or) systhdgl waoih kony hbbhlts
;)CJ^GFHJ LHII DHNGC^HN5
K. orfcj trcjspicjt rhehltgojL. Cuto gddujh achdoiytgl cjchdgc (rhnultgoj ob jo ob[KL)
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;8
) ^ lhii nhicyhn ayphr shjsgtgvgty5
Krutojs Q-igj`hn c fcddcfiokuigjhdgc.
-Fhjhtgl ngsornhr5 gjckgigty gj pronulh -lhiis
-Nhbhltgvh Q-larodosodh
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;2
-Jo K-lhiis
^aydgl aypopicsgc5
-ujnhr nhvhiophn taydus
-nhbhltgvh ^ lhiis shvhrh lodkgjhn gddujonhbglghjly (\LGN)
-Jo K & ^ lhiis.CGN\5
-^crfht oj Ln>-Jot c fhjhtgl ngsornhr
Cuto gddujh ngshcshs5
-\ysthdgl iupus Hrytahdctous (\IH)-Gf\ Cfcgjst owj NJC-jo lurh
Ngckhtgl dhiigtus typh 35 cjtgkonghs cfcgjst khtc lhiis.
GJBHL^GOX\ NG\HC\H\5]crcsgth aost rhictgojsagp (lo hvoiutgojcry rhictgojsagp)
khtwhhj pctaofhj cjn audcjKclthrgcRgrus]rotozocjs]crcsgth5 hxtrclt jutrghjt dcthrgci brod aost
]crcsgth aost
Loddhjscigsd sydkgosgs
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;6
Gdportcjt pctaofhj prgjlgpihs5
Cshxuci rhpronultgoj5
-lhii ngvgsgoj
-(C dgtosgs/kgjcry bgssgoj)
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;1
\hxuci rhpronultgoj5
Fctahrgjf jhw fhjhtgl dcthrgci
3. Lojeufctgoj;. Iysofhjgl lojvhrsgoj or dcy kh trcjsnultgoj
[hqugrhs kclthrgopacfh gt gs c vgrus
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;7
-[JC ojiy
Lcpsgn prothgj
Hjvhioph igpgns ob prothgjs
-Lhii dhdkrcjh ob aost
RG[CI Duitgpiglctgoj
3. Cttcladhjt;. ]hjhtrctgoj. Kgosyjtahsgs8. Csshdkiy2. [hihcsh
RG[XIHJ\H
Kclthrgc5
3. Hxohjzydhs5 (ngssoivh loiicfhj)Locfuicsh bgkrgjofhj bgkrgj (kioon liot)@gjcsh ngssoivh bgkrgjAyciurgjgncsh ayciurojgl clgn (lhdhjt ob lhiis)Ihlgtagjcsh ihlgtagj (cttcla to paospaoigpgns oblhii dhdkrcjhs)Jhlrotgjf hjzydh ^gssuh nhstrultgoj
;. ^oxgjs5
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K3 (^agcdgjh)K< (Jgclgj) Vcthr soiukihL
NC Bct soiukih
K3 (tagcdgjh)5
Jhhnhn bor5
3. LAO lctckoigsdCdgjo clgn lctckoigsd
;. ]ronultgoj ob clhtyilaoigjh
Nhbglghjly ngsornhr-KH[G KH[G
C. Nry Khrg-Khrg]hrgpahrci jhuropctay
Ncdcfh to phrgpahrci jhrvous systhdGb gts dgin tgjfigjf ob dcturhn hxcdgtghs---------shvhrh Vrgst nropLhjtrci jhrvous systhd------------Nhdhjtgc
K. wht Khrg-Khrg - Hnhdc (swhiigjf)
K< (Jgclgj)5
3.Lodpojhjt ob JCN ob JCN]
;. NJC rhpcgr
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>=
3. Iolctgoj5
;. Bujltgoj5
-K-jordci bujltgoj - D-jo bujltgoj
Gjlrhcsgjf pronultgoj Nhlrhcsgjf pronultgoj
-]gtugtcry ficjn
-FA
. Lclahxgc5
-fhjhrcigzhn whc`jhss ob wcstgjf gj kony
-Xsuciiy dcigfjcjt
-Nuh to pcrcsgtgsd ob tah jhopicsd
Ngbbhrhjlh khtwhhj khjgfj/dcigfjcjt
KHJGFJ DCIGFJCJ^
Lhiis crh whii Cjn jot whii ngbbhrhjtgcthn-pihodorpagl-vcrgctgojs gj tah sacphs cjn sgzhs
Ngbbhrhjtgcthn cjn dcturh Cjcpicsgc gs gddcturh-rctgo khtwhhj julihcsh oblytopicsd-brhquhjt ckjordci dgtosgs
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>3
;. [cth ob frowta5
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3. Lcushn ky joj-ihtaci Fhjhtgl ncdcfh to tah lhii;. Dojoliojci hxpcjsgoj/frowta ob dcigfjcjt lhii
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>;
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>
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>>
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>8
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>2
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>6
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