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Current state of the Technical Aerospace Education: the value of our graduates
Robert J. de Boer
ROC van Amsterdam
• ROCvA– 25.000 students– 2900 employees
• Studies:– (International) Aviation
services
– Aviation maintenance
– Security services
– Transport and Logistics
• Degrees: several, including PART 66 – cat A/B
• Typical careers– Maintenance technician
– Aviation OperationsOfficer
– Steward, Stewardess
– Logistics employee
– Manager Warehousing and Distribution
Luchtvaarttechnologie – Hogeschool InHolland
• Hogeschool InHolland– 33.500 students– 2900 employees
• Luchtvaarttechnologie / Aeronautical Engineering– Inflow 150 studenten– Currently 450 studenten– Acceditation: 2006
• Two majors:– Lightweight construction– Design and development
• Degree: BEng
• Typical careers– Design engineer
– Systems engineer
– Reliability Engineer
– Construction specialist
– R&D Engineer
– Manufacturing engineer
– Maintenance engineer
Aviation – Hogeschool van Amsterdam
• Hogeschool van Amsterdam– > 40.000 studenten– 3.000 medewerkers
(2.200 fte)
• Aviation– Inflow 460 students– Currently 810 students– 35 employees (26 fte)– Acceditation: 2009
• Four majors:– Aviation Engineering– Aviation Management– Aviation Flight– Aviation ATM
• Degree: BEng
• Typical careers– Maintenance Engineer – System & Powerplant
Engineer – Performance Engineer – Flight Planner /
Dispatcher – Maintenance inspector – Inspector IVW – Station Manager – Duty Hub Manager – Aviation Policymaker– (Engineering) Pilot– Luchtverkeerleider
Aerospace Engineering – Delft University of Technology
• TU Delft– 15.321 students– 4640 employees
• Aerospace Engineering– Inflow 450 studenten– Currently 2000 studenten
• Degrees – BSc– MSc– PhD
• Majors:– Aerodynamics– Wind Energy– Sustainable Science – Control and Simulation– Air Transport & Operations– Aerospace Structures– SE and Aircraft Design– Composite Structures– Novel Aerospace Materials– Structural Integrity– Astrodynamics and Satellite
Systems– Space Systems Engineering– Remote Sensing– Mathematical Geodesy– Space Geodesy
Engineering education at MBO’s in the Netherlands is becoming more attractive
Growth of MBO engineering students versus 2003
Special program
Others
Platform Beta Techniek (2009): ‘Facts and Figures 2009’, Den Haag.Special Program = ambitieprogramma van het Platform Beta techniek
Tertiary engineering education is also growing in absolute terms
Growth of tertiary engineering students versus 2000
Universities
HBO
Total
Platform Beta Techniek (2009): ‘Facts and Figures 2009’, Den Haag
Engineering Education has been made more attractive and valuable by project-based learning
• Instrumental competencies– Basics of engineering work– Traditional focus of engineering education
• Strategic competencies– Achieving economic and political goals– Increasingly part of management courses
• Communicative competencies– Have a users frame of reference– Ability for dialogue – Capability to deal with a plurality of cultural codes– Originally the weak spot but now addressed by project-
based learning
Ravesteijn, Wim, De Graaff, Erik and Kroesen, Otto (2006): 'Engineering the future: the social necessity of communicative engineers', European Journal of Engineering Education, 31:1, 63 - 71
One cause could be the attractive incentives for engineers in other industries
Comparison of gross hourly ratesNetherlands, 2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
MBO HBO Academic
Gro
ss h
ourl
y sa
lary
(eur
o)
β with β career
Djoerd de Graaf, Bert Hof, Chris van Klaveren (2008): ‘De diverse loopbanen van beta’s – samenvatting Beta Loopbaanmonitor 2008’, Platform Beta Techniek / SEO Economisch Onderzoek, Den Haag / Amsterdam
One cause could be the attractive incentives for engineers in other industries
Comparison of gross hourly ratesNetherlands, 2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
MBO HBO Academic
Gro
ss h
ourl
y sa
lary
(eur
o)
β with non-β career β with β career
Djoerd de Graaf, Bert Hof, Chris van Klaveren (2008): ‘De diverse loopbanen van beta’s – samenvatting Beta Loopbaanmonitor 2008’, Platform Beta Techniek / SEO Economisch Onderzoek, Den Haag / Amsterdam
One cause could be the attractive incentives for engineers in other industries
Comparison of gross hourly ratesNetherlands, 2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
MBO HBO Academic
Gro
ss h
ourl
y sa
lary
(eur
o)
β with non-β careernon-β with non-β careerβ with β career
Djoerd de Graaf, Bert Hof, Chris van Klaveren (2008): ‘De diverse loopbanen van beta’s – samenvatting Beta Loopbaanmonitor 2008’, Platform Beta Techniek / SEO Economisch Onderzoek, Den Haag / Amsterdam
Recent research shows that increasingly the better engineers leave technology in mid-career
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1977/87 1986/96 1993/2003
cohort
rete
nti
on
(%
)
average
B. Lindsay Lowell, Hal Salzman, Hamutal Bernstein, Everett Henderson (2009): ‘Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science and Engineering Pipeline’, Annual Meetings of theAssociation for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, D.C.
Flow of engineering students into technology sectorsCollege to mid-career – comparison between three generations
Recent research shows that increasingly the better engineers leave technology in mid-career
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1977/87 1986/96 1993/2003
cohort
rete
nti
on
(%
)
average
best 20%
B. Lindsay Lowell, Hal Salzman, Hamutal Bernstein, Everett Henderson (2009): ‘Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science and Engineering Pipeline’, Annual Meetings of theAssociation for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, D.C.
Flow of engineering students into technology sectorsCollege to mid-career – comparison between three generations
• Have we made our graduates too generic, so that they are valuable for other industries as well?
www.international.hva.nl
One cause could be the incentives in other industries (1/2)
Charles River Associates (2009): ‘Innovation in Aerospace and Defense’, CRA Project No. M13385-05, Boston.
Average Annual Pay for Selected Occupations in Selected IndustriesUSA, 2008
Aerospace
… but not in relative terms
Growth of tertiary engineering and total students versus 2000
Engineering
Total
HBO Universities
Platform Beta Techniek (2009): ‘Facts and Figures 2009’, Den Haag
But are we too successful in making our graduates attractive for other industries ??
Results of a recent comparison between six industries
• Aviation excelled by systems thinking entrenched in all industry participants
• This was in part due to the strong focus on systems thinking in education, both in training for pilots as in the aerospace engineering curricula
• These competences were strongly recommended for all other industries
Dr. J-K Helderman, Dr. M. E. Honingh (2009): ‘’Systeemtoezicht: Een onderzoek naar de condities en werking van systeemtoezicht in zes sectoren’
Recent research shows that increasingly the better engineers leave technology in mid-career
B. Lindsay Lowell, Hal Salzman, Hamutal Bernstein, Everett Henderson (2009): ‘Steady as She Goes?Three Generations of Students through the Science and Engineering Pipeline’, Annual Meetings of theAssociation for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Washington, D.C.
AverageBest 20%
Flow of engineering students into technology sectorsCollege to mid-career – comparison between three generations
Technical knowledge seems important for responsibilities but management skills for salary
specialist tech knowledgebroad techn knowledge
oral comm skillspeople mgt skills
ability to work in teamsnetworker
written comm skillsablility to synthesize
operational mgt skillslife-long learning
analytical skillsproblem solving skills
Correlation (Chi-squared)
job responsibilitiessalary
Correlation between two measures of career success and competenciesAerospace engineers, Netherlands, 2009
G.N. Saunders-Smits (2008): ‘Study of Delft Aerospace Alumni’, PhD thesis Delft University of Technology