ASSIGNMENT: MIS & E-COMMERCE

 

TOPIC:ROBOTS & ROBOTICS

GROUP MEMBERS REGISTRAION NUMBERS

AMJAD HUSSAIN 3500-FMS-BBA-S12AHMAD ALI 3499-FMS-BBA-S12MAJID 3474-FMS-BBA-S12

ROBOT"A re-programmable, multifunctional

mechanical manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks." From the Robot Institute of America, 1979

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS:SensingMovement EnergyIntelligence

ROBOTICSIt is the branch of technology that deals

with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance, behavior, and/or cognition.

History of Robotics: I

The first industrial robot: UNIMATE

1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to Unimation, which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962).

UNIMATE originally automated the manufacture of TV picture tubes

PUMA 560 Manipulator

History of Robotics: II

1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design support

1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.

Adept's SCARA robots

Barrett Technology Manipulator

Cognex In-Sight Robot

History of Robotics: III

2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers launched toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars

1995-present: Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up companies and research

History of Robotics: IV

LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN ROBOTS

Japan is hoping for a setup of full-scale commercialization of service robots in coming future i.e. by the year 2025.

Another important example where latest technology in robotics is being implemented is the development of ‘Windows for robots’ system by Microsoft. It is being develop in the Robotics Developer Studio since 2007. 

Thus, we see that there is lot of hard work and dedicated research going on to make more intelligent robots.

TYPES OF ROBOTS ACCORDING TO APPLICATIONS

Industrial Robots

are found in a variety of locations including the automobile and manufacturing industries.

Robots in Spaceare named as Remotely Operated Vehicle

(ROV). It can be consistent with an unmanned spacecraft that remains in flight or a lander that makes contact with an extraterrestrial body and operates from a stationary position, or a rover that can move over terrain once it has landed.

Educational Robots one example is the Hex Avoider.

It is a programmable mobile robot designed to move independently and avoid obstacles. Hex avoider use infrared emitters and receivers to sense its environment. Their roll is demonstrational for teaching basic concepts and gets the attention of future engineers to this field

Mobile Robots (Transportation) these types of robot operate by control remote

deploying sensor position. Their roll consist of sampling payloads, mapping surface and creating a photorealistic 3D models and sent back any kind of visual information of building interiors and any environmental data. 

Agricultural Robots one example is the Demeter harvester it contains new controllers, proximity sensors, safeguards and task software specialized to the needs of commercial agriculture processes.

Health Care Robots they are able to perform simple task and improve some medical protocol and procedures.  

ASIMOMade by: HondaHeight: 1.2mASIMO stands for: Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, it also takes its name from robotic visionary Isaac Asimov.

Purpose: Began in 1986 as a study into human movement and has since evolved intoa robot capable of a wide range of tasks.What can it do? It can walk, run, turn corners,recognize hand gestures, carry objects,dance and climb up and down stairs.Features: May be the most advanced humanoid robot in the world.Can perform simple tasks, such as switching on a light switch. 

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTS Outer Space –

Manipulative arms that are controlled by a human are used to

unload the docking bay of space shuttles to launch satellites or to construct a space station

Home –

Automated systems can now monitor home security, environmental conditions and energy usage. Door and windows can be opened automatically and appliances such as lighting and air conditioning can be preprogrammed to activate. This assists occupants irrespective of their state of mobility. Military Robots

Airborne robot drones are used for surveillance in today's modern army. In the future automated aircraft and vehicles could be used to carry fuel and ammunition or clear minefields

Exploration

Robots can visit environments that are harmful to humans. An example is monitoring the environment inside a volcano or exploring our deepest oceans. NASA has used robotic probes for planetary exploration since the early sixties

Agriculture

Automated harvesters can cut and gather crops. Robotic dairies are available allowing operators to feed and milk their cows remotely

The Car Industry

Robotic arms that are able to perform multiple tasks are used in the car manufacturing process. They perform tasks such as welding, cutting, lifting, sorting and bending.

Hospitals –

Under development is a robotic suit that will enable nurses to lift patients without damaging their backs. Scientists in Japan have developed a power-assisted suit which will give nurses the extra muscle they need to lift their patients - and avoid back injuries.

Disaster Areas – Surveillance robots fitted with advanced sensing and

imaging equipment can operate in hazardous environments such as urban setting damaged by earthquakes by scanning walls, floors and ceilings for structural integrity.

Entertainment – Interactive robots that exhibit behaviors and learning

ability. SONY has one such robot which moves freely, plays with a ball and can respond to verbal instructions.

INDUSTRIES USING ROBOTS

Agriculture

Automobile

Construction

Entertainment

Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc.

Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.

Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc.

Manufacturing

Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.

Mining, excavation, and exploration

Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS ADVANTAGES: Quality: 

Industrial automated robots have the capacity to dramatically improve product quality. Applications are performed with precision and high repeatability every time. This level of consistency can be hard to achieve any other way.

Production:With robots, throughput speeds increase, which

directly impacts production. Because an automated robot has the ability to work at a constant speed without pausing for breaks, sleep, vacations, it has the potential to produce more than a human worker.

Safety:Robots increase workplace safety. Workers are moved to supervisory roles where they no longer have to perform dangerous applications in hazardous settings.

Savings: Improved worker safety leads to financial savings. There are fewer healthcare and insurance concerns for employers. Automated robots also offer untiring performance which saves valuable time. Their movements are always exact, minimizing material waste.

Accessories and sensor can have capabilities beyond humans

Can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.

DISADVANTAGES:

Expense:The initial investment to integrated automated robotics

into your business is significant, especially when business owners are limiting their purchases to new robotic equipment. The cost of robotic automation should be calculated in light of a business' greater financial budget. Regular maintenance needs can have a financial toll as well.

ROI: Incorporating industrial robots does not guarantee

results. Without planning, companies can have difficulty achieving their goals.

Expertise:Employees will require training program and interact with

the new robotic equipment. This normally takes time and financial output.

Safety:Robots may protect workers from some hazards, but

in the meantime, their very presence can create other safety problems. These new dangers must be taken into consideration.

Robots replace human workers creating economic problems. E.g. lost salaries, social problems (dissatisfaction and resentment among workers)

Difficult to construct strategies that will achieve complex, novel tasks

Requires redesign of control system for new tasks