Robotics LEDs Nanotechnology How technology has been used in art Your assignment Presentation...

•Robotics•LEDs•Nanotechnology•How technology has been used in art•Your assignment

Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

A robot is defined as:

1. A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.

2. A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control

Therefore, what device was considered the first robot and when was it developed?

• A clock, ~ 270 BC


A Short History of Robots

Robot Timeline:

• 350 BC - the Greek mathematician, Archytas (ahr ky’ tuhs) builds a mechanical bird dubbed “the pigeon” that is propelled by steam.

• 270 BC - a Greek engineer named Ctesibus (ti sib’ ee uhs) made a pipe organ called a “hydraulis” and water clocks with movable figures. These clocks were the most accurate until the use of the pendulum in the 17th century.

• 1801 – Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled by a punch card. Punch cards are later used as an input method for some early 20th century computers.

http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html


http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas

http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html

• 1818 - Mary Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" which was about a frightening artificial life form created by Dr. Frankenstein.

• 1941 - Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry.

• 1942 - Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics"

• 1921 - The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek (chap’ ek). The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man!






• 1940 – Isaac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots starting with “A Strange Playfellow” (later renamed “Robbie”) for Super Science Stories magazine. The story is about a robot bound to protect a child. It is later compiled into the volume, “I, Robot” in 1950.

• 1948 - "Cybernetics", an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener.

• 1956 - George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company.






Three Laws of Roboticsby Isaac Asimov

• A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

• A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

• He later adds the “Zeroth Law”. A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.






•1977 – Star Wars is released. George Lucas introduces watchers to R2-D2 and C-3PO, and the strongest image of a human future with robots. It inspires a generation of researchers.

•1979 - The Standford Cart crossed a chair-filled room without human assistance. The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer. The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles.






• 1997 –Pathfinder lands on Mars.

• 1997 – The first node of the ISS is placed in orbit using a robotic arm.

• 1998 – Tiger Electronics

introduces Furby. It can react to its environment and communicate using over 800 phrases.

• 2004 – The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity land on Mars and prove that Mars was once covered with water. Image courtesy of NASA



• 2004 – I, Robot, new version of robots trying to take over the world.

• 2005 - Honda debuts new Asimo robot that can complete office tasks.



Why are robots important in today’s society?


ROLES AND JOBS OF ROBOTS

• Computer Assisted Manufacturing

• Military

• Medical

• Space Exploration

• Personal


Computer Assisted Manufacturing

• Car Industry

• General Packaging

• Mail Processing

• etc.


MILITARY

• Computer GPS guided bombs “smart bombs”.

• Movement of troops, weapons, etc.

• Advancements in war weapons, aircraft, artillery, naval ships, etc.


MEDICAL

• Prosthetic limbs

• Pacemakers

• Dialysis Machines

• Heart rate monitors

• Blood Pressure Machines

• etc.


Space Exploration

• Robonaut


Personal Satellite Assistant Prototyped in 2003 Volleyball sized Will aid astronauts

through various means


Robonaut

Developed in 2004Humanoid robot to assist

astronautsControlled by Virtual RealityStereoscopic visionDexterous handsSeveral configurations


Personal

• Fax Machines

• Computers

• Refrigerators

• Blenders

• Watches

• GPS Receivers

• etc.


ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, AND FUTURE CONCERNS OF ROBOTS

PROS:

• Each machine “robot” helps our population greatly via technology advances and improvements in the overall health of our society.

• Medicinal advancements

• Labor intensive activities are decreased due to machines “robots”.

• Mathematical & statistical computations.

• Robots can go and do things that are unsafe for humans (Example: bomb disarming robots, space probes, etc..


CONS & Future concerns:

• Loss of jobs due to replacement by robots.

•War of the Worlds?


Robonova - 1


Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity

LED’s are produced through nanotechnology

Created one atom layer at a timeThe color of the LED can be controlled by

varying the layers of atoms in the semiconductor


Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity

LED’s are cool to the touchMost of the energy goes into light not heatLight is reflected along the interior of the

fiber, like a “light pipeline”


Nanotechnology


Nanotechnology Uses• All around us

– sunscreen– rechargeable batteries

– clothing stain repellants– computer chips

– cosmetics


Nanotechnology Uses

– bottles– bike frames– -automotive– tennis balls– toothpaste

Shape Memory Alloys

Made from a nickel and titanium alloyResult of an “atomic bullet” in which

atoms subtly shift position in response to a stimulus

Eyeglasses, surgical stents, arch wires for braces


Experimenting with LEDs, robotics, and shape memory alloys


Robotics and Technology in ArtLeonardo da Vinci


Dante Leonelli-

Notting Hill Gate Instillation, 2005-06

Robotics and Technology in ArtThe Kinetica Museum in London

A Tiny Point of Light by Dianne Harris


Jim Bond- untitled, n. d.

Robotics and Technology in Art The Kinetica Museum in London

Peter Vogal-Trio, 2006

Istvan Haraszty Circles 1967Presentation adapted from Space Foundation

Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik

• 1932-2006

• Born in Seoul Korea

• 1956 graduated with art degree from University Tokyo

• Joslyn Art Museum hosts one of his artworks

Family of Robots, n.d.


Robotics and Technology

in Art Nam June Paik

Megatron/Matrix, 1995


Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik

Jacob’s Ladder, 2000

Global Encoder, n.d

Cage, 1990

Buddha Game, 1991


Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer

• 1950-current

• Born in Gallipolis, Ohio

• MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design

• Received 3 honorary doctorates

• Still working in New York


Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer

A Survival Sorozatbol 1985-86

Untitled (text from various works), 1989

Truisms, 1978


Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger

• 1945-current

• Born in Newark, New Jersey

• Worked for Mademoiselle Magazine and House and Garden before starting her feminist-style art career

• Lives in N.Y. and L.A.

Exhibition Piece 2, n. d.Presentation adapted from Space Foundation

Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger

Love for Sale, n. d.

Exhibition Piece 3, n. d.


Robotics and Technology in Art Other Kinetic Artists

Bruce Gray California Dreamin’, 2008

David Shingler Bird Drawing Machine, 2008


Your Assignment

• Use modern technology or robotics to create an advance work of art– Must use some form of modern technology– Must effectively demonstrate your

technological choice (move, light up, etc.)– Must use your previous knowledge of the

artistic elements (line, shape, value, color, movement, etc.)


Sample Assignments

Extreme Sheep LEDs


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