Robust Science for Policy Making - European … – ITRE committee meeting - 15 October 2009 1...

JRC – ITRE committee meeting - 15 October 2009 1

Robust Science for Policy Making: Overview and Future Strategy of the Joint Research Centre

Dr. Roland Schenkel Director General

Joint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission

http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu


Outline

• The Joint Research CentreRobust science in support of EU policies

• Examples of JRC policy support

• JRC contribution to ERA

• Future strategyTowards the new vision

• Outlook - JRC & EP


The Mission of the Joint Research Centre

… is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies.

As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.

Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national.


The JRC is a Directorate-General of the European Commission under the responsibility of Janez Potocnik, Commissioner for Research.

Its Board of Governorsconsists of Representatives of Member Statesassists and advices the Director Generalon matters relating to the role and the scientific,technical and financial management of the JRC.

Commission • “High-level Users’ Group” (Commission DGs) - work programmes • All major decisions and initiatives, in particular the JRC Multi-Annual WP• External assessments

Relations with European Parliament/Council• Interface with Parliament • Council Working Groups / Competitiveness (Research part) Council


IRMM - Geel, BelgiumInstitute for Reference Materials and Measurements

ITU - Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Transuranium Elements

IE - Petten, The Netherlands and Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Energy

IPSC - Ispra, ItalyInstitute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen

IES - Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Environment and Sustainability

IHCP - Ispra, ItalyInstitute for Health and Consumer Protection

IPTS - Seville, SpainInstitute for Prospective Technological Studies

Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States

~ 2650 staff + 250 competitive~ 330 M€/y budget (+ ~ 40 M€/y competitive income)


• Science based Policy support: interaction with Commission policy- makers and stakeholders; direct scientific/technical input into legislative process

• Operational support: alert/anticipation, rapid response functions and monitoring of compliance (e.g. crop declarations under Common Agricultural Policy)

• Scientific & technical reference systems: establish standardised methodologies and measurement protocols (GMO, BSE/TSE, environmental quality, nuclear safety etc); test and evaluation of metal detectors and UWB systems

• Research partnerships: European Research Area, user laboratories, access to large facilities, networks, training and mobility, co-operations

• Specific actions towards New Member States and Candidate Countries by implementing of acquis communautaire

Typology of JRC activities


Crisis response

Agenda-setting,Identification of Emerging

Issues

Effectiveness & Impact Assessment

(A posteriori impact assessment)Expert Advice

e.g. A priori impact assessment

Validation, StandardisationCertification, Benchmarking,

Monitoring, Checking Compliance

Decision-making Process,Selection of Policy Options

S&T Support in the Policy Cycle


JRC in FP7: Indicative Budget Breakdown

683 M€ ‘Prosperity’

• Chemicals• Biotechnology• Energy and Transport• Information Society

517 M€* ‘Nuclear’

• Nuclear Energy, Safety and Security

88 M€ ‘World Partner’

• Global Security

578 M€ ‘Solidarity’

• Environment• Health• Climate Change• Rural Development

403 M€ ‘Security’

• Natural Disasters• Internal/External Security• Food Chain

30% 25%

18%

23% 4%

NuclearNon-nuclear (5-year programme)

Prosperity

Nuclear

Solidarity

Security

World Partner

Budget of the JRC


• Policy issues:energy security; energy efficiency/sustainability (20/20/20 targets) and competitiveness, internal market;

• Policy response:SET-Plan (2007/2008), Joint Technology Inititives; Infrastructure security

• JRC response:Capacities Map; Technology Map; …infrastructure security; ongoing activities in energy research (safety of nuclear reactor cycle; performance and safety of fuel cells and hydrogen storage; certification of photovoltaic modules..)

Support to the Strategic Energy Technology plan

Policy support example - Energy


• Analysis of status and prospects of key technologies and of EU research capacities; SETIS (information system)

• Well-to-wheels: study carried out with car and oil industry associations and representatives of biofuels industry on present and future fuel/vehicle combinations to calculate their greenhouse-gasses emissions, energy consumption and associated costs: http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/WTW

• JRC is Reference centre in Joint Technology Initiative on Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Pre-normative research on safety of fuel cells and hydrogen storage

• JRC calibrates roughly 60% of all photovoltaic modules worldwide

(Development of International Electrotechnical Commission performance standards for photovoltaic electricity)

• JRC coordinates EU input to Generation IV initiative to design the 4th generation of nuclear power plants; supported by JRC research programme into safety of nuclear fuel cycle…

Policy support example - Energy

http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/WTW


Policy support example: Climate change

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CO2-

eq

LULUCF

Agriculture

Energy & industry CO2

Energy & industry otherGHG

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LULUCF

Agriculture

Energy & industry CO2

Energy & industry otherGHG

Source models: POLES (JRC-IPTS, Uni Grenoble), G4M (IIASA, Austria), Image (PBL)

• Currently: helping to prepare EU position in negotiations in Copenhagen, December 2009, for post-Kyoto agreement

• Focusing on: benefits and trade-offs of scenarios (air pollution, climate change policies) for macro-economy, agriculture, land- use/forestry, air pollution

• Utilizes tools developed for integrated impact assessment of Greenhouse gas emission scenarios that meet the target of limiting climate change to 2 C

Baseline Limiting climate change to 2 C


Emissionsof GHGs &air pollutantsEDGAR (JRC)

Air pollution & Climate global chemistry/climate modelsTM5 (JRC); ECHAM5 (MPI, Germany)

Health/Agriculture/Climate Impacts &economic costs

Global energy scenario’s worldregionsPOLES

Integrated assessment of climate policies has to include the impact on nature and humans: the role of air pollution

POLICYFORUMClimate Assessment: What’s Next?Frank Raes and Rob Swart30 November 2007 VOL 318; SCIENCE

Impacts of Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open

OceanR. A. Duce et al.

Global nitrogen deposition and carbon sinks; D.S. Reay, F. Dentener, P. Smit, J. Grace & R.A. Feely; Nature Geoscience 1, 430 – 437 2008

Carbon accumulation in European forests; P. Ciais et al.; Nature Geoscience, 1, pp 425 - 429

Policy support example: Climate change


Policy support examples - Crisis ResponseEvent Type of response

Food Safety 2007: imports of GM-contaminated rice from Italy into Slovakia

Counter-analysis

Natural hazards

2009: earthquake/tsunami and cyclones in South-east Asia

2009: Earthquake in the Abruzzo (Italy)

2009: Forest Fires in Mediterranean

2009: Influenza A pandemic

2009: Po river flooding

2008: Szechuan earthquake

updated situation maps and analytical calculations of expected impact to the MIC and UN ReliefWeb.

Damage assessment (provision of maps, on-site analysis)

Early warning & damage assessment (continuous monitoring)

Situation Maps depicting no. of cases and fatalities world wide

Early warning

Damage assessment (provision of satellite data, analysis, training)

Humanitarian crises

2008: Georgia 2007: Darfour

Damage assessment in Ossetia & Georgia Location and size of refugee camps

Industrial accident

2005: fire of Buncefield oil depot (UK) Modelling dispersion of smoke plume; delivered to DG ENV

Non-proliferation

Illicit trafficking (since 1994; 2008: finds in NL and Slovakia)

Nuclear forensic analysis, advice and training


The JRC works with over 1,000 public and private organisations, institutionsand expert groups in more than 250 major networks

JRC activities in support of ERA: •Support to Era Policy

•Common scientific reference systems

• Training and mobility of researchers

• Providing access to infrastructures

• Support to enlargement

How JRC contributes to the European Research Area


Main objective of the activities for ERA-Policy (in co-operation with DG RTD)

To provide a EU reference platform for monitoring and analysing research, innovation and human resources in R&D and related policies in order to improve research and innovation policies with evidence-based techno-economic analysis

ERAWATCH & ERA Analysis

ERAWATCH presents information on national and regional research policies, actors, organisations and programmes for the 27 Member States, countries associated with the FP and other countries with a strong scientific production

ERAWATCH is targeted at decision makers, policy analysts, researchers.

Examples of studies (available on web): Trends in Business R&D; Analytical Country Reports (14) ; Regional Study Reports (19)

ERA Analysis monitors implementation of ERA (e.g. Joint Programming, Opening up of research programmes) and what is the potential for further integration

http://cordis.europa.eu/erawatch/index.cfm

JRC contributes to ERA: ERA policy


JRC contributes to ERA: ERA policy

“Investing in research: an action plan for Europe”

Target of 3% GDP investment in research

EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard

• Top 1000 EU and non-EU corporate R&D investors• Comparisons between companies, sectors, and

geographical areas • Picture of the competitive situation of EU firms in the

global R&D environment

Some results from the 2008 Scoreboard:

• World-wide corporate R&D investment up by 9%, slightly lower than 10% in 2007 (EU-based companies up +8.6 % from +7.4% in 2007)

• Top R&D investing sector remains pharmaceuticals and biotechnology

• Aerospace and Defence + 6.9%

Ranking of the top 20 EU companies by level of R&D investment


• World leader in production of reference materials for GMO-bearing food & feed

• Community Reference Laboratory for GMOs in food and feed– A consortium of 120 national GMO enforcement control laboratories – Purpose: development, harmonization and validation of analytical tools for the

traceability and authentication of GMOs and their derived products– Scientific support to Commission in formulating regulations concerning

labeling of GM-bearing food, detection limits of non-authorized GMOs…– 4 reports for emergencies / non-approved GMOs published– The CRL is ISO 9001:2000 certified and ISO 17025 accredited; – It carries out extensive training programs in co-operation with the WHO.

• Studies on co-existence measures for GMO-bearing and non-GMO crops, on performance of GMO-bearing crops

• 2008: start of the “European Co-existence Bureau”for studying co-existence measures of selected crops

JRC contributes to ERA:common scientific reference systems (GMO)


Many of unique laboratories & research facilities JRC are open to co-operations or run as user facilities, some with dedicated training programmes:

• Seven Community Reference Laboratories (CRLs)• The Vehicle Emissions Laboratory (VELA) – JRC-IES (Ispra)• Geel Linear Accelerator (GELINA) – JRC-IRMM (Geel)• High Flux Reactor (HFR) – JRC-IE (Petten)• Hot Cell Laboratory – JRC-ITU (Karlsruhe)• European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) – JRC-IPSC (Ispra)• …and many others

JRC contributes to ERA: Access to infrastructures

JRC also holds many reference databases• Soil map• Global landcover• MARS agriculture• etc.


Knowledge ManagementTraining & Education

ESARDA COURSE ON NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS AND

NON-PROLIFERATIONOnline Data & Information Network for Energy The ODIN platform provides a central repository for results of European nuclear safety R&D, in collaboration with DG-RTD and the IAEA. https://odin.jrc.nl/

• Summer Schools• Trainees, PhD students, Post-Docs• Visiting scientists• User Facility• Network of excellence• Workshops• Conferences• Training courses• nuclear databases• Information portalswww.nucleonica.net

ACTINET Network of Excellence

JRC contributes to ERA:Knowledge Management, Education & training


Panel of 15 international experts led by Sir David King, until recently Chief Science Adviser to the UK Government

• Positive Overall Impression of the JRC JRC underwent major transformation over the last 10 years, consolidating its position as an indispensable source of knowledge and expertise

The Panel was convinced of the good, very good and sometimes excellent quality of the delivered science and policy support.

• Success Factors Delivering continued service to the EC without compromising scientific vitality or integrity; Responding to customer needs; Integration of Institute's competencies and facilities around thematic priorities; Increased networking activities; Enhanced researcher training and assisting Candidate Countries in the last steps of the EU accession process

• Improvements Areas Develop an overarching corporate strategy; JRC to become more pro-active and anticipatory; enhance efficiency of research infrastructure; more attention to exploratory research; less rigid recruitment rules to cater for scientific talents

Key Findings of Ex-Post Evaluation of JRC in FP6


JRC’s quest for scientific excellence

Publications Awards

Formation of a New Dynamical Mode in -Uranium Observed by Inelastic X-Ray and Neutron ScatteringM. E. Manley, M. Yethiraj, H. Sinn, H. M. Volz, A. Alatas, J. C. Lashley, W. L. Hults, G. H. Lander, and J. L. SmithPhysical Review Letters 96(12), 2008

POLICY FORUMClimate Assessment: What’s Next?Frank Raes and Rob SwartVOL 318 SCIENCE

Bt corn in Spain—the performance of the EU’s first GM cropManuel Gómez-Barbero, Julio Berbel & Emilio Rodríguez-CerezoNATURE BIOTECHNOLOGYVOLUME 26 NUMBER 4 APRIL 2008

Impacts of Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open OceanR. A. Duce et al. SCIENCE VOL 320 16 MAY 2008


Towards the JRC Strategy 2010-2020

Corporate vision (2010-2020) ...The JRCs Vision is to be the most trusted provider of science- based policy options to EU policy makers addressing key challenges facing our society

JRC Strategic Objectives

• Provide an integrated and pro-active scientific and technical support to our customers

• Ensure scientific excellence in our core competences

• Improve the efficiency, effectiveness and attractiveness of the JRC

• Enhance our role as a scientific reference centre for the EU


JRC Grand Challenges 2009+

Sustainable Growth and Development= to promote the creation of economic conditions to support sustainable growth, a knowledge and innovation society, a sustainable production and consumption, and natural resources and agriculture, and to tackle energy and climate change.

Safety and Security= to promote public health and consumer protection, crises management including natural disasters, to ensure nuclear safety and security, and to support the fight against terrorism and organized crime.



Recognizing that involvement cannot be maintained at same level in all areas of activities, two types of activities are identified:

Long Term: which play a sustained and central role in the shaping and conduct of EU policies and require a strong long term institutional commitment: towards an open and competitive economy, development of a low carbon society, nuclear safety and security

Flexible: which serve selected policy areas by playing a significant but not leading role: e.g. food safety, response to crises, security



JRC and Parliament

DECISION No 1982/2006/EC of 18.12. 2006 concerning the 7FP of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities (2007-2013) - NON-NUCLEAR ACTIONS OF THE JRC (Page 16):

….“The JRC's independence of special interests, whether private or national, combined with its technical expertise enable it to facilitate communication and consensus building between stakeholders and policy makers, especially at the Community level and notably with the European Parliament “ …


Establish and maintain an effective interface with the EP (Committees and individual MEPs) in the context of the JRC

mission (supporting the policymaking cycle)

That means:- To update MEPs about the latest JRC activities- To take stock of the priorities of the EP and - To respond to EP requests for S&T support within JRC's areas of

competence (together with relevant EC policy DGs)

How:- studies carried out for EP (examples on next slide)- bilateral meetings- visits of MEPs (ITRE delegation or individuals) to the Institutes- Interface Working Group lunch debates - Etc.

JRC-EP relations


JRC Support to the EP

Example of studies performed by JRC on EP request (via the Commission)

• Impact on health of GMO in food and feed(disseminated also via IWG)

• Sustainable agriculture and soil conservation (presented this week to AGRI committee)

• Exposure to indoor air chemicals and potential health risk• Consequences, opportunities and challenges of modern

biotechnology for Europe

• Participation in various EP hearings


JRC-EP Interface Working Group (IWG)

current liaison of the JRC with the EP, in particular with ITRE to be maintained and enhanced – one of the channels is via Interface Working Group

IWG aims at facilitating an interface between the JRC and the EP and ensure a communication channel, active and adequate, between MEPs and the JRC management

- Chairman: MEP Reino Paasilinna (previously MEP Yves Pietrasanta)- IWG organises presentations on key JRC activities of interest to the EP:

- JRC support to developing countries (January 2009)- Health effects of GMO in food and animal feed (September 2008)- Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control Bureau (April 2008)- Strategic-Energy-Technology-Plan (January 2008)- Climate Change (September 2007)


Outlook

• The EP is a key stakeholder of the JRC and we welcome increased interaction / cooperation

• The JRC is an indispensable source of evidence-based (scientific and technical) knowledge in the Commission. Credible policies must lay on robust scientific and technical facts.

• Opportunities offered by the JRC are still not sufficiently known in the EP, but progress was achieved since the beginning of FP7 (studies, JRC@EP exhibition, thematic presentations, visits, etc.)

• The JRC is willing to further increase its support to the work of the EP while avoiding conflict of interest in legislation (example biofuels)

• How can the JRC be more helpful to the ITRE Committee ?


Events update

Reference to the JRC Newsletter

28 October 2009 Inaugural JRC Annual LectureEurope and the United States - A crucial moment for science cooperation

3-6 May 2010 JRC @ EP: Exhibition of JRC activitiesyou are cordially invited


Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Robust science for policy making

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Robust Science for Policy Making - European … – ITRE committee meeting - 15 October 2009 1...

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