ROCK CYCLES

The Rock Cycle

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The Rock Cycle Rocks are always changing and moving throughout the different phases of the rock cycle.

Igneous Rocks The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

Introduction

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Igneous Rocks

o Igneous Rocks are formed when molten magma becomes solid. o Molten- meltedo Magma on the surface of the Earth is called

lava

o There are two kinds of igneous rocks:o Intrusive Igneous Rocks- magma becomes

solid underground.o Extrusive Igneous Rocks-lava cools and

becomes a solid on Earth’s surface.

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Igneous Rocks

o Intrusive Igneous Rocks have large grains and may be various colors. o Examples: granite, gabbro

o Extrusive Igneous Rocks have small grains and also, may be various colors.o Examples: basalt, pumice

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Sedimentary Rocks

The Rock Cycle

Sedimentary Rocks

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Sedimentary Rocks

o Sedimentary Rocks are layered rocks formed from fragments and broken bits of rock.o These bits of broken rock are a

result of weathering and erosion.o The fragments of rock eventually

cement and compact together to form a layered rock.

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Sedimentary Rocks

o The size and texture of sedimentary rocks depend on what kind of fragments make up the rock.o Sedimentary Rocks can be made

of sand, gravel, broken seashells, or even just layers of mud.

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Metamorphic RocksThe Rock Cycle

Metamorphic Rocks

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Metamorphic Rocks

o When the sedimentary or igneous rocks are pushed down into the ground, they will be under greater pressure and heat.

o This will cause the crystals of the sedimentary rocks to change and become a new kind of rock, called metamorphic rock.

o There are two kinds of metamorphic rocks:o Contact Metamorphic Rocks- forms when

magma inside the Earth comes up into an already existing rock and “bakes” it.

o Regional Metamorphic Rocks- forms when rocks already deep inside the Earth change because of heat and pressure

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Metamorphic Rocks

o Metamorphic Rocks may be foliated or nonfoliated:o Foliated means that the rocks

have recognizable parallel bands.o Example: slate, schist

o Nonfoliated means that the rocks do not have these bands; they appear smooth.o Example: quartzite, marble

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Are you ready for a quiz?

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Yes

No. I need to review the material.

Quiz

Question #1. Which kinds of rocks are formed from molten lava?

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Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

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Correct!

Igneous Rocks are formed from either molten magma inside the Earth, or molten lava outside the Earth.

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Question #2. What causes metamorphic rocks to form?

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Heat and Weather

Heat and Pressure

Climate and Pressure

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Correct!

The pressure from rocks above will push the metamorphic rock farther down, where it will be exposed to greater heat. This combination of heat and pressure will cause the crystals in the rock to change and become a new rock: metamorphic rock.

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Question #3. Bits and pieces of rock form sedimentary rocks? Where do these fragments of rock come from?

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Weathering and Erosion

The underlying molten magma

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Correct!

Weathering occurs first; wind, water, etc. cause bits and pieces of rock to break off. Then erosion occurs when these fragments are carried away and deposited somewhere else.

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Question #4. What kind of igneous rocks form underground?

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Quiz Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Cemented Igneous Rocks

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Correct!

Intrusive Igneous Rocks are formed from molten magma becoming solid underneath the Earth’s surface.

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Question #5. ___________forms when magma inside the Earth comes up and “bakes” the nearby rocks.

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Contact Metamorphism

Regional Metamorphism

Local Metamorphism

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Correct!

Contact Metamorphism occurs when magma comes up into another rock and bakes the nearby rocks.

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Question #6. Are rocks always changing and moving throughout the different phases of the rock cycle?

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Yes.

No.

Quiz Correct!

The Rock Cycle is a never-ending process. For example:o An extrusive igneous rock is exposed to weathering.o A channel of water carries this weather igneous rock down a

slope into a lake.o Layers of weathered igneous rock build up in the lake and

eventually are cemented together. o Layer after layer forms on top of the igneous rock and it

becomes a layered sedimentary rock.o After much time, this sedimentary rock is pushed down into

the Earth and becomes exposed to heat.o This heat and pressure cause the grains of the rock to change

and become a new kind of rock: metamorphic rock.o This metamorphic rock, over time, continues to be pushed

farther into the Earth until it finally melts into magma.o This magma may eventually come in contact with a way

“out”, such as a volcano. o The magma flows out of the volcano in the form of lava,

becomes solid, and forms and extrusive igneous rock.o And the cycle starts over.

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The End

OOPS! Try Again!

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Click for Works Cited

Academic Content StandardGrade 6Earth and Space Sciences -Earth Systems 1. Describe the rock cycle and explain that there are sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks that have distinct properties (e.g., color, texture) and are formed in different ways.

http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.asp

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/geology/rocks_intro.html

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart

Works Cited