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r o c k m e o u t ! 33
Optimistic #3 (44) june 2010
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ROCK ME OUT!
34 r o c k m e o u t !
Rock me out!
Rock music is a genre of popular music that
entered the mainstream in the 1950s.
The foundations of rock music are in rock and roll, w
hich originated in
the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, and quickly spread to
much of the rest o
f the world. Its
immediate origins lay in a mixing together of
various popular musical genres of th
e time, in
cluding rhythm and blues, gospel
music, and country and western. In 1951, Cleveland, O
hio disc jockey Alan
Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, and is
credited with first using the phrase “ro
ck and roll” to describe the music.
There is much debate as to what should be considered the first rock and
roll record. O
ne leading contender is “Rocket 88” by Jackie Brenston and his
Delta Cats (in fact, Ike Turner and his band Th
e Kings of Rhythm), recorded
by Sam Phillips for Sun Records in 1951. Four years later, B
ill Haley’s “Rock
Around the Clock” (1955) became the first rock and roll so
ng to top Billboard
magazine’s main sales and airplay charts, and opened the door worldwide for
this new wave of popular culture.
Rock and roll had not disappeared at the end of the 1950s and some of
its energy can be seen in the Twist dance craze of the early 60s.
r o c k m e o u t ! 35
Optimistic #3 (44) june 2010
Rock me out!
Rock music is a genre of popular music that
entered the mainstream in the 1950s.
The foundations of rock music are in rock and roll, w
hich originated in
the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, and quickly spread to
much of the rest o
f the world. Its
immediate origins lay in a mixing together of
various popular musical genres of th
e time, in
cluding rhythm and blues, gospel
music, and country and western. In 1951, Cleveland, O
hio disc jockey Alan
Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, and is
credited with first using the phrase “ro
ck and roll” to describe the music.
There is much debate as to what should be considered the first rock and
roll record. O
ne leading contender is “Rocket 88” by Jackie Brenston and his
Delta Cats (in fact, Ike Turner and his band Th
e Kings of Rhythm), recorded
by Sam Phillips for Sun Records in 1951. Four years later, B
ill Haley’s “Rock
Around the Clock” (1955) became the first rock and roll so
ng to top Billboard
magazine’s main sales and airplay charts, and opened the door worldwide for
this new wave of popular culture.
Rolling Stone magazine argued in 2004 that “That’s All R
ight (Mama)”
(1954), Elvis Presley’s first single for Sun Records in Memphis, was the first
rock and roll record., but, at th
e same time, Big Joe Turner’s “Shake, Rattle
& Roll”, later covered by Haley, was already at th
e top of the Billb
oard R&B
charts. Other artist
s with early rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo
Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Gene Vincent. Soon
rock and roll was the major fo
rce in American record sales and crooners, such
as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the previ-
ous decade of popular music, fo
und their access to the pop charts significantly
curtailed.
Rock and roll has been seen as leading to a number of disti
nct sub-genres,
including rockabilly, combining rock and roll with “hillb
illy” country music,
which was usually played and recorded in the mid-1950s by white singers such
as Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly and with the greatest c
ommercial
success, Elvis Presley. In contrast d
oo wop placed an emphasis on multi-part
vocal harmonies and meaningless backing lyrics (from which the genre later
gained its name), which were usually supported with light instrumenta-
tion and had its origins in 1930s and 40s African American vocal
groups. Acts lik
e The Crows, Th
e Penguins, The El D
orados and
The Turbans all scored major hits, and groups lik
e The Plat-