Rock Quarry Redevelopment:Revitalizing a Highly Disturbed Habitat into a Highly Utilized Environment

Jordan Young

Iwouldliketogivethankstomycommitteefortheircontinuedsupport,feedback,andencouragementthroughoutthedurationofthisproject-KayWilliamsandLesLinscott,mycommitteechair.Isincerelyappreciateallofthelearningopportunitiesthatyouhaveprovidedme.

Continuedprogressonandenhancementofthisprojectwasduetoahealthycompetitivenessbetweenmeandafellowclassmateanddearfriend,KevinVelinsky.Youhelpedmetostayontrackandpushedmetobettermywork.Youmadestudiosessionsfunwhileremainingproductive.

Finally,Id liketogivethankstomybeatifulwifeBrooklyn.Countlesstimeshaveyoukeptmemotivatedandpushedmetodomybest.WithoutyouitisfairtosaythatIwouldntbewhereIamtoday.

Acknowledgements

Weigh Station located on the south eastern portion of the site.

TableofContentsAbout the Client....................................................................................................................................

Part One: Site Analysis History........................................................................................................................................... ContextualAnalysis......................................................................................................................... SiteInventory................................................................................................................................. ComprehensivePlan........................................................................................................................ HistoricalPreservation..................................................................................................................... UserAnalysis.................................................................................................................................. Goals&Objectives........................................................................................................................... SoWhat?........................................................................................................................................ ProgramMatrix................................................................................................................................Part Two: Case Studies BrownstoneExplorationandDiscoveryPark,Portland,CT..................................................................... ThreeOaksRecreationalArea,CrystalLake,IL.................................................................................... CottonmillLakeRehabilitationProject,North-CentralNebraska...............................................................Part Three: Design Concept.......................................................................................................................................... MasterPlan..................................................................................................................................... Phasing.......................................................................................................................................... PhaseOne:BassEstuary.................................................................................................................... PhaseTwo:Conservation.................................................................................................................. PhaseThree:RemainingPrimaryInfrastructure&RelatedAmenity......................................................... PhaseFour:RemainingSecondaryInfrastructure&RelatedAmenity.......................................................Experience............................................................................................................................................References............................................................................................................................................

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AbouttheClient Forthepurposeofthisprojectthehypotheticalclient,RecreationalOutdoorsman,hasasked for a proposal of a recreational park with an emphasis on Trophy Bass fishing. They want to create a home for multiple recreational uses, emphasizing on fishing tournaments and the peopletheybring.Otheramenitiesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:HorsebackRiding,Walking/JoggingTrails,OpenSpace,MountainBikeRiding,Conservation/LearningAreas,ZipliningandCamping/Lodging.Theclientwantstobringalloftheprogramelementsintooneparktopro-videuserswithanoutdoorexperiencewhilepayingtributetothehistoryofthesite.

PartOne:SiteAnalysis

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SiteHistory Datingbacktothelatenineteenthcentury,commercialmininghastakenplaceintheNorth-easternareaofNewberry,Florida.Originally,phosphatewasbeingextractedfromaccumulatedsedimentsinlargesinkholesandchannelsthathadbeenerodedinlimestone.Aftersometime,these phosphate deposits began to lose value; therefore, these deposits were no longer profitable orworthexcavating. Inthemid100s,limestonebecamethematerialofchoicetomine.Severalquarriesintheareawerebeingexcavatedandcollectivelybecameknownas HaileQuarriesbecauseof theirproximitytothetownofHaile.

Mostrecentlyaround00,-million-year-oldfossilshavebeendiscoveredbeneaththedirtofanancientsinkhole.Today,thesefossilsarebeingunearthedbytheDivisionofVertebratePal-aeontologyattheFloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory.

11ContextualAnalysis:State

1 ContextualAnalysis:County

1ContextualAnalysis:City

1ContextualAnalysis:ParcelBoundary

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ContextualAnalysis:Amenities

Fish CampsHowardsFishingExcursionsKatesFishCampMcIntoshFishCampTwinLakesFishing&CampingSouthShoreFishCamp

Equestrian CentersCanterburyFloridasEquestrianShowPlaceHawkfields FarmFullPartnersEquestrianCenterTwinOaksStables

TrailsCofrinNatureParkSanFelascoHammockPreserve

CampgroundsBlueSpringsParkGinnieSpringsBreezyAcresCampgroundOtterSpringsPark&Campground

Distance0min.(8.mi.)min.(6.8mi.)min.(.6mi.)min.(.6mi.)6min.(.mi.)

06min.(0.mi.)11min.(0.mi.)0min.(0.6mi.)1min.(10.6mi.)

16min.(08.mi.)min.(0.8mi.)

min.(.8mi.)min.(.mi.)0min.(0.mi.)1min.(.6mi.)

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SiteInventory:SoilsAlfisols Soil - Arable soils with watercontentadequateforatleastthreecon-secutivemonthsofthegrowingseason.

Priortocultivation,theyarecoveredwithnatural broad-leaved deciduous forestvegetation,sometimesinterspersedwithneedle-leaved evergreen forest or withgrass.

Below the surface horizon lies a regionwith significant accumulation of translo-cated(migrated)layersilicateclay.

Ultisols Soil-Reddish,clay-rich,acidicsoilsthatsupportamixedforestvegeta-tionpriortocultivation.

They are naturally suitable for forestry,can be made agriculturally productivewiththeapplicationoflimeandfertilizers,andarestablematerialsforconstructionprojects.

Ultisols differ from Alfisols by their few mineral nutrients and high content of alu-minum.

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SiteInventory:VegetationExistingvegetationconsistsmostlyofOak Hammocks,Pine Scrubs,andavarietyofgrasses.

Due to the soils on site consistingmostly of clay,mostvegetationconsistsofanatural,broad-leaveddeciduousforest.

Scatteredthroughoutareneedled-leavedevergreenswithsplotchesofgrassmeanderingaboutthesite.

Given the soil survey, the actual vegetation on site reflects thepropertiesofthetwodominantsoilsexactly.

Duetotheenormousamountofsitedisturbances,alargepresenceof limestonehasmade itsway to the surface,whichmayhinderthesuccessoffuturevegetation.

Soilremediationandlandmovingwillbeanecessityinfu-tureplantingdesign.

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SiteInventory:WildlifeMammalsVirginiaOpossumNine-bandedArmadilloNorthernYellowBatBigbrownBatEveningBatMexicanfree-tailedBatRaccoonCoyoteGrayFoxRedFoxFloridaBlackBearSpottedSkunkOtterStripedSkunkMinkBobcatFloridaPantherWildPigWhite-tailedDeerGoldenMouseFloridaMouseEasternWoodratCottonRatPocketGopher

FoxSquirrelGraySquirrelFlyingSquirrelCottontailRabbitMarshRabbit

SnakesEasternHognoseSnakeRatSnakesEasternIndigoSnakeBlackRacerRoughGreenSnakeGarterSnakeMudSnakeBandedWaterSnakeBrownWaterSnakePineSnakeSaltMarshSnakeFloridaScarletSnakeStriped Crayfish SnakeSwampSnakePineWoodsSnakeRingneckSnakeBrownSnakeScarletKingsnakeCrownedSnake

BirdsMississippiKiteBaldEagleSandhillCraneBurrowingOwlRed-cockadedWoodpeckerFloridaScrub-JayBrown-headedNuthatchWoodThrushBachmansSparrow

TurtlesGopherTortoiseBoxTurtleAlligatorSnappingTurtleCommonSnappingTurtleStripedMudTurtleFloridaSoftshellTurtleSpinySoftshellTurtleFloridaCooterRiverCooterFloridaRed-belliedTurtleYellow-belliedSliderStinkpotDiamondbackTerrapinMangroveTerrapin

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White-tailedDeer WildPig

Opossum SandHillCrane

EasternHognoseSnake GopherTortoise Raccoon

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SiteInventory:DisturbancesDuethehistoryofthissite,alotofnegativeattributeshavebeenestablished.Quarryinglime-stoneresultsinalotofnegativeeffectsontheenvironment.

Suchdisturbancesinclude:

PoorAirQuality/Fumes

IncreasedRunoffandSedimentYields

WaterPollution

Erosion

LossofWildlife

PreviousNoisePollution

DustandRelatedDiseases

ExcessiveWaste

LandTransformation

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ComprehensivePlanAccordingtotheRecreationElementintheAlachuaCountys00ComprehensivePlan:

GOAL 1TOPROVIDEANINTEGRATED RECREATION AND OPEN SPACESYSTEMFORALACHUACOUN-TY.

OBJECTIVE1.1 Developandmaintainanenhancedsystemofactivity-basedandresource-basedrec-reationalfacilitiesthatconsistofabroadrangeofdevelopedandprotectedsitesandpro-grammedrecreationthatisintegratedbyserviceareathroughouttheCountyfromtheneigh-borhoodtotheregionalscaleandaccessibletoallresidentsofAlachuaCounty.

OBJECTIVE1. TheCountyshallutilizerecreationsitesandfundingmechanismsprovidedbytheCounty,municipalities,StateandFederalGovernments,SchoolBoardofAlachuaCounty,volunteerorganizationsandprivategroupstoexpandtherecreationalopportunitiesofAlachuaCountycitizens.

OBJECTIVE1. Continuetoprovidepublic accesstoallCounty-ownedimprovedrecreationsitessothatrecreationfacilitiesareadequatelyavailableforpublicuse.

OBJECTIVE1. Expand the availability of recreational opportunitiesforAlachuaCountycitizensbycon-tinuingtodevelopexistingrecreationsitesandacquirenewsitesandbycontinuingtoencour-ageprovisionofrecreationsitesbytheprivatesector.

ComprehensivePlancontinued... OBJECTIVE1.Utilizecurrentfundingsourcesandidentifynewfundingsourcesforoperationsandmainte-nanceofCounty-ownedrecreationfacilitiesandforrecreationprogrammingforCountyresi-dents.

OBJECTIVE1.6Continuetoprovideforpublic participationintheplanninganddevelopmentofnewpublicrec-reationsites.

OBJECTIVE1.AlachuaCountyshalldesign,develop,andmanageitsresource-basedparksandrecreationalfacilitiesforthepurposesofnaturalsystemsrestoration,conservation,andeducation.

Under the Conservation Element:

GOALTOCONSERVE, MANAGE, AND RESTOREORENHANCETHENATURALANDHUMAN-RE-LATEDRESOURCESOFALACHUACOUNTYTOENSURELONG-TERMENVIRONMENTALQUALITYFORTHEFUTURE.

1.0 CONSERVATION OVERVIEW

OBJECTIVE1.1-CONSERVATIONSTRATEGIESEmbracemultiple,diverse strategies fortheconservationofnaturalsystemsinAlachuaCoun-ty.

OBJECTIVE1.-CONSERVATIONASPRIORITYEstablishenvironmentalconservationasapriorityinalldecision-makingforAlachuaCounty.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE.1-INFORMATIONSYSTEMEstablishaninformationsystemforthenaturalresourcesandhuman-relatedresourcesassoci-atedwiththenaturalenvironment,andbeproactiveinprovidingpublicaccesstothisinforma-tion.UsetheinformationsystemtomeasureenvironmentalqualitynecessarytoprotectandmaintainnaturalresourcesthatprovideasafeandhealthyenvironmentforalllivingthingsinAlachuaCounty.

OBJECTIVE.-EDUCATIONANDOUTREACHIncreasepublic understandingofnaturalresourcesissuesandprovideaccesstothemostcur-rentandreliableinformationsothatthepublicmaymakeinformeddecisionsregardingtheirhealth,welfare,andsafety.

OBJECTIVE.-RESOURCEAREASPLANNINGManagenaturalresourcesatascaleappropriatetotheirprotection,andfacilitateconsensus-buildinginthepublicparticipationprocess.

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE CATEGORIES

OBJECTIVE.1-CONSERVATIONLANDUSECATEGORIESAconservationlandusecategoryshallbeestablishedtorecognizeandprotectnaturalresourc-eswithinprivatelyownedlandsinAlachuaCountyutilizingappropriateregulatory,acquisition,andincentivemechanisms.

ComprehensivePlancontinued... OBJECTIVE.-PRESERVATIONLANDUSECATEGORYApreservationlandusecategoryshallbeestablishedtorecognizeandprotectnaturalresourc-eswithinpubliclyownedlandsinAlachuaCounty.

OBJECTIVE.-FUTURELANDUSEMAPIdentifyconservationandpreservationareasontheFutureLandUseMap.

OBJECTIVE.-DEVELOPMENTREVIEWPROCESSProtect natural resourcesduringthelanduseplanninganddevelopmentreviewprocessfromactivities that would significantly damage the ecological integrity of these areas. The applica-bilityofthepoliciesandstandardsinthissectionshallbedeterminedforalldevelopmentateachstageofthelanduseplanning,zoning,anddevelopmentreviewandpermittingprocess.

OBJECTIVE.-DEVELOPMENTREGULATIONSAdoptionofneworrevisionstoexistingland development regulationsbasedonpoliciesinthisElementshallbeginimmediatelyfollowingtheadoptionofthisElementbytheAlachuaCountyBoardofCountyCommissionersandshallbecompletedinaccordancewitharigorousadoptionschedule.

OBJECTIVE.6-RESOURCEPROTECTIONSTANDARDSProtect natural resourcesbyrequiringthatalldevelopmentactivitiesbeconductedinaccor-dancewithatleastminimumresource protection standards.

4.0 NATURAL RESOURCES

OBJECTIVE.1-AIRRESOURCESAlachuaCountyshalltakeappropriatestepstomaintainorimprove ambientair qualitytoen-suretheprotectionofpublichealthandtheenvironmentandtoexceedcompliancewithstateandnationalambientairqualitystandards.

OBJECTIVE.-SOILSANDSLOPESReduce the rate of soilerosionandsedimentationfromdevelopmentactivitiesandencouragetheutilizationofthesoilconsistentwiththeabilityofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoiltosup-portappropriatelanduses.

OBJECTIVE.-MINERALRESOURCESRegulate extraction activitiessothattheydonotadverselyaffectthequalityofair,groundwa-ter,surfacewater,land,andwildlife.

OBJECTIVE.-GEOLOGICALRESOURCESProtect and maintain significant natural geologic featuressuchasspecialkarstfeatures--springs,cavesandsinkholesintheirnaturalcondition.

OBJECTIVE.-GROUNDWATERANDSPRINGSProtectandconservethequalityandquantityofgroundwaterandspringsresourcestoensurelong-term public health and safety, potable water supplies from surficial, intermediate, and Floridan aquifers, adequate flow to springs, and the ecological integrity of natural resources.

OBJECTIVE.6-SURFACEWATERSYSTEMSEnsuretheprotectionandimprovementofthewater quality,biologicalhealth,andnaturalfunctionsofsurfacewatersystemsinAlachuaCounty.

ComprehensivePlancontinued... OBJECTIVE.-WETLANDECOSYSTEMSWetlandacreageandfunctionshallbeprotected.

OBJECTIVE.8-FLOODPLAINSANDFLOODWAYSProtectandmaintainthenaturalfunctionsoffloodplains, floodways, and all other natural ar-eas having hydrological characteristics of the one hundred (100)-year flood elevation. Natural functions include water purification, flood hazard mitigation, water supply, and wildlife habitat andconnectivity.

OBJECTIVE.BIODIVERSITYMaintain and enhanceplantandanimalspeciesdiversity and distributionwithinAlachuaCoun-ty by protecting significant plant and wildlife habitats, providing for habitat corridors, and pre-ventinghabitatfragmentation.

OBJECTIVE.10-STRATEGICECOSYSTEMSProtect,conserve,enhance,andmanagetheecologicalintegrityofstrategicecosystemsinAlachuaCounty.

5.0 HUMAN-RELATED RESOURCES

OBJECTIVE.1-ENERGYDEVELOPMENTANDCONSERVATIONProvideforenergy efficiencyinhumanactivities,landuses,anddevelopmentpatternsinordertoreduceoverallenergyrequirementsfortheCountyanditsresidents.

OBJECTIVE.-OPENSPACEPreserve open spacewithindevelopmentstoensurepublichealth,safety,andwelfare;protectandenhancenaturalresources;providepublicgatheringspaces;promotepedestrianandbi-cycleconnectivity;andenhancerecreationalopportunities.

OBJECTIVE.-SCENICQUALITYProtectthenaturalresourcesandscenic qualityofthecommunitytopreserveandcultivateauniquesenseofplacewhilemaintainingeconomicwell-being.

OBJECTIVE.-VEGETATIONMANAGEMENTRequireandencouragepublicandprivatelandclearingandlandscapingpracticesthatcon-serve,appropriatelyuse,andprotect native vegetation,includingforests.

OBJECTIVE.-AGRICULTURALANDSILVICULTURALPRACTICESTheCountyshallencouragetheretentionofagriculturalandsilviculturaloperationsthatareconductedinaccordancewithbestmanagementpractices.

OBJECTIVE.6-WILDFIREMITIGATIONProtectlife,property,andtheeconomybyeliminatingorminimizingthepresentandfuturevulnerabilitytowildfire hazards.

OBJECTIVE.-HAZARDOUSMATERIALSActtoreducetherisksassociatedwithhazardousmaterialsandencouragethereductionofhazardouswastegeneration.Protectandenhancethequalityandsafetyoftheenvironmentbyrequiringthatdisposalmethodsforhazardouswasteandhandlingandstoragemethodsforhazardousmaterialsareproperlydesigned,operated,andmonitored.

6.0 LAND CONSERVATION PROGRAM

OBJECTIVE6.1-PROGRAMOVERVIEWEstablishandmaintainaland conservation programforthepurchase,preservation,andman-agement of natural areas and open space to complement the regulatory approaches identified inothersectionsofthiselement.

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ComprehensivePlancontinued... OBJECTIVE6.-ALACHUACOUNTYFOREVERImplementtheAlachuaCountyForeverprogram.

OBJECTIVE6.-LINKEDOPENSPACENETWORKDevelopalinked open space network,orgreenways system,thatcanbemanagedtosup-porttheprotection,enhancementandrestorationoffunctionalandconnectednaturalsystemswhileprovidinguniqueopportunitiesforrecreation,multi-modaltransportation,andeconomicdevelopment. OBJECTIVE6.-OTHERACQUISITIONPROGRAMSCoordinatewithotherprogramsfortheacquisitionandmanagementofnaturalareasandopenspaceforrecreational,openspaceandconservationpurposes.

OBJECTIVE6.-ACQUISITIONTOOLBOXEncouragetheuseofmultiple,diverselandacquisitionstrategies.

OBJECTIVE6.6MANAGEMENTImprovetheenvironmental stewardshipofallpreservation,conservationandrecreationareaswithinAlachuaCounty.

-EXCERPTFROMALACHUACOUNTYCOMPREHENSIVEPLAN011-00

HistoricalPreservation

Whilevisitingthesite,itisappar-entthattheremainingequipmenthasnotbeenusedinaverylongtime.Topreservethehistoryofthesiteandpro-videuserswithanexperiencethatpaystributetothishistory,thereuseofthisequipmentwillretainthecharacterthissitehasmaintainedforsomanyyears.

Someofthehistoricalfeaturethissitehastoofferareoldcranesburiedun-derneathyearsofvegetation,rustedoutmachinerythatcanprovideaveryrusticandcrackerstylelook,andanoldweighstationthatcouldpotentiallyserveasanentrancetothesiteduetoitslocationand significance to the site.

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UserAnalysisRecreational Fisherman The recreational fisherman is one who comes during any day of the week, just to put a lineinthewater.Whentheypullontothesitetheycanhaveaseparateentrancesuitablefortrucksandtrailers,whilemaintainingsitecharacter.Theywillneedenoughspacetoparktheirvehicles and a sufficient area to load and dock their boats in the water. They will also need ac-cesstofuelingstations.

Professional Fisherman Fishing tournaments will attract a large crowd of fisherman and spectators alike. The ac-tualtournamentparticipantisthereforonereasonandonereasononly:towinthetourna-ment.Toenhancetheirexperience,itwouldbeappropriatetoprovideadequateparkingforbothtrucksandtrailers,aboatramptoplacetheirboatsinthewater,afuelingstation,andalargeenoughdocktotietheboatup,alongwithothercontestants.Anotherfeaturethatwouldbenefit these users would be a meeting area, both for tournament meetings and award cer-emonies.

Avid Mountain Biker AroundAlachuaCountythereareseveraldifferentMountainBikingAssociations.Alotofthetime,theyallgatheratonecoursetorideasagroup.Fortunately,thissiteoffersterrainotherwisenotreadilyavailableinthispartofthecountry.Whentheseavidriderscometovisitthesite,theywillwantamountainenvironment.Theywillwantruggertrailstotesttheirskills.Aparkingarealargeenoughtoholdroughly0vehiclesshouldgiveplentyofspacetoparkandunloadridingequipment. Thetrailsthemselvesneedtobecreatedtobeasnaturalaspossible.Thereisalreadyalocation on site that provides sufficient grade change which will be advantageous.

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Recreational Mountain Biker TherecreationalMountainBikerdiffersfromtheavidmountainbikergreatly.Therecre-ationalMountainBikerisonewhogoesouteveryonceinawhile.Theyarenotnecessarilyaspassionateaboutbikingastheavidmountainbikersare.Thetrailsneededforthesekindsofusers should consist of a variety of difficulties. This will assure that every rider has an appro-priatelysafeandenjoyablesetting.

Horseback Rider Thehorsebackriderwillwanttorideallaroundthesite.Theywouldenjoybothanen-closed,learningenvironmentandanopentrailthroughthewoods.Withabarnonsite,theusercanselectwhichhorse,basedonexperience,theywouldliketoride.Allhorseswillbetrainedaccordingly,withafewthataredesignatedforusebyriderswithdisabilitiestoacom-modatetheirneedswhileensuringaccesstoall.

Jogger/Walker/Bicyclist Somepeoplewhovisitthesitearethereforthesolepurposeofexercisingorleisurelystrollingthroughnature.Atthesametime,theywanttobeapartofeverythingthesitehastooffer.Insteadofbeingsegregatedfromtherestofthesite,theseuserswanttobeintegratedintoeveryaspect.Anappropriatedesignwouldincorporateatrail/trackthatisapartofeveryotheramenity.Ifsomeonecomestowalkamileorrunformiles,itwouldbeconvenientforthetracktoloop,withmultipleaccesspoints,foreasyentranceandexit.Safetywillalsoplayabigrole.Designacoursethatdoesnotallowmanyhidingpointsforanyonetoconcealthem-selves.Thiscourseshouldalsobeabletohouseanyroadbikestoenjoytheentiresite.

5k Runner/Racers SimilartotheJogger/Walker,akrunnerishereforarace.Therunnerwillwantaccessto an open portion of the track for the finish line and all the spectators. Parking will also need tobeprovidedassomeoftheseeventswillattractalargenumberofpeople,especiallychar-ityruns.Inadditiontorunners,bicyclistandswimmersmayalsowanttoholdeventshere.Itwouldbewisetoincludesectionsofthiscoursetohousemultipleaspectsofarace.

Water Sportsman Awatersportsmanisonewhowantstoridejetsskiesorgowakeboarding.Withmultiplebodiesofwater,thisusercandoallofthesethingswhilemaintainingasafedistancefroma stocked lake. This will provide a safe environment for the fish in one lake and allow water sportsmentohavefun,worryfree.

Camper Acamperwillwanttobeabletogocampinganynightoftheweek.Theywillwanttheirowndesignatedareathatprovidesprivacyandminimalnoise.Theywillwantasafe,openareatoparktrailers,rvs,tents,andothercampingequipment.Electricityhookupswillneedtobeprovidedalongwithwastedisposal.Accesstofoodandnecessitiesisimportant,evenifitisonlyasmallconveniencestore.

Weekend Visitor Aweekendvisitorisauserwhocomesjusttospendtheafternoonwatchingothersenjoyamenities,browsingthescenicareas,andrelaxinglakeside.Theywanttohaveseatingareastoeatlunchwithfriendsandfamily,designatedareastolayoutnearthewater,andad-jacentparkingtocarryanysuppliestheywishtobring.

Student Atypicalstudentvisitingthesitemaybethereforanumberofdifferentreasons.Onemaybetojustutilizetheavailableamenities.MaybeastudentIDgetstheminforfreeasitdoesatLakeWauberg.Perhapsastudentistheretostudyconservationandobservedisturbedhabitats and their rehabilitation. A student that is there to learn would benefit from education-alsignspostedaroundthesitethatexplainsitsnativehistory,previoushistory,andexistingstate.

UserAnalysiscontinued...

Elderly/Handicapped Peoplewithdisabilitiesandtheelderlyarenodifferentthananyotheruser.Theonethingthatsetsthemapartisaccessibility.Theyrequireallpaths,roads,parkinglots,structures,etc.tobeeasilyaccessibleandaccommodationsshouldbemade.

Goals&ObjectivesProgrammatic Goals in addition to goals stated in Comprehensive Plan listed on pages 21 - 28.

Goal 1: Create a successful bass estuary, both for the fishermen and the fish. OBJECTIVE 1.1: Design a habitat in which the fish will thrive by providing adequate pro-tectionandresourcestoallowahealthyenvironment.Alsoonlyallowcatchandrelease.

OBJECTIVE1.:Designhotspots,orfeedingholes,thatwillprovideconsistentamountsof fish to be caught.

Goal 2:Createmultiplemountainbiketrailsforseveraldifferentlevelsofexperience.

OBJECTIVE.1:Usingthemanydifferentslopesprovidedbytheexistingtopography,cre-atebeginnerexpertlevelcourses.

SUB-OBJECTIVE 2.1.1: From flatter terrain, design beginner courses. SUB-OBJECTIVE.1.:Fromsteeperterrain,designmoreadvancedcoursesbysup plyingdropoffs,jumps,anddownhilltrails.

Goal 3:Createequestriantrails,providestables,anddesignlearningareasfornewriders.

OBJECTIVE.1:Designatrailthatmeandersthroughouttheentiresite.

OBJECTIVE.:Designabarnwithanattachedlearningareaforinexperiencedriders.

OBJECTIVE.:Provideopenopenspaceforhorsestograze.

Goal 4:Createawalking/runningtrailthatmeandersthroughoutamajorityofthesite.

OBJECTIVE.1:Withineachdivisionofthesite,allowanadequateamountofspacetoal-lowapathtobelaidwithoutinfringingonanyprimaryprogramelements.

OBJECTIVE.:Providedistancemarkerstoallowamultipleamountofdifferenteventstotakeplaceonthistrail.(i.e.kraces,roadbicycleraces,MarchofDimes)

Goal 5:Createacomfortableandfunctionalenvironmentfortheusersofthesite. OBJECTIVE.1:Designfunctionalconnectivitythroughoutthesiteforeaseofaccesstoeachamenity.

OBJECTIVE.:Provideanadequateamountofparkingforanyandallamenities. SUB-OBJECTIVE..1:Designdesignatedparkingfornormaluse. SUB-OBJECTIVE 5.2.2: Design overflow parking for fishing tournaments, races, oranyotherfunctionthatmaytakeplaceonsite.

OBJECTIVE 5.3: Provide sufficient amount of resting areas including picnic areas, rest-rooms,waterandfoodvenues.

Goal 6:Createopenspaceforbothrecreationaluseandspecialevents. OBJECTIVE6.1:Allowadequatespaceforeventssuchasconcerts,foodtrucks,festivals OBJECTIVE6.:Allowadequatespaceformulti-purposerecreationalusewhenspecialeventsarenottakingplace.

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Goal 7:Createconservationspace.

OBJECTIVE.1:Designadesignatedareathatwillremainaconservationarea. OBJECTIVE.:Createascenicoutlooklocationthatisstrictlyaesthetics. OBJECTIVE.:Restoreecologicalecosystems. OBJECTIVE 7.4: Send all impervious surface runoff to this location to filtrate pollutants.

Goals&Objectivescontinued...

SoWhat?Giventheexistingsiteconditions,aprogramhasbeencraftedtosuitetheneedsofmultipleusers.Takenintoconsiderationaretheexisting,adjacentamenities,makingsurenottopro-videaservicethatisalreadyprovidedelsewhereincloseproximity.Keepingthesethoughtsinmind,theprogramlistisasfollows:

Potential Amenities BassEstuary TruckandTrailerEntrance FishingParking BoatRamp Docks FuelingStation Overflow Parking StagingArea BikeTrials(Multi-Leveled) RiderParking TrailSeatingAreas EquestrianCenter

EquestrianTrails Running/WalkingTrack RaceParking SportsLake PicnicAreas CampGrounds Restrooms WelcomeCenter FoodVendor OpenSpaceforMisc.Events LearningCenters ConservationArea

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ProgramMatrix Certain aspects would benefit from being adjacent to specific features. Functionally similar elementsprovetoperformbetterneareachotherwhileothersmaynot.Forexample,abarnfullofhorsesmaybebetteroffsecludedinaquietpartofthesite,distantfromaboatrampwhereboatsmaylayintotheirthrottle,rushingtotheirhotspot.BelowisaProgramMatrixusedasanamenitystudytohelpdeterminefeaturelocations.

Bass

Estua

ry

Truck

and T

railer

Entra

nce

Fishin

g Park

ing

Boat

Ramp

Docks

Fueli

ng St

ation

Overf

low Pa

rking

Stagin

g Area

Bike T

rails (

Multi-

Leve

led)

Rider

Parki

ng

Trail S

eatin

g Area

s

Eque

strian

Cente

r

Eque

strian

Trail

s

Runn

ing/W

alking

Track

Race

Parki

ng

Sport

s Lak

e

Picnic

Area

s

Camp

Grou

nds

Restr

ooms

Welco

me Ce

nter

Food

Vend

or

Open

Spac

e for

Misc.

Even

ts

Learn

ing Ce

nter

Cons

ervati

on Ar

ea

Bass EstuaryTruck and Trailer Entrance

Fishing ParkingBoat Ramp

DocksFueling Station

Overflow ParkingStaging Area

Bike Trials (Multi-Leveled)Rider Parking

Trail Seating AreasEquestrian Center

Equestrian TrailsRunning/Walking Track

Race ParkingSports LakePicnic Areas

Camp GroundsRestrooms

Welcome CenterFood Vendor

Open Space for Misc. Events Good Learning Centers Bad

Conservation Area Nuetral

Program to Program Relationship Matrix

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PartTwo:CaseStudies

CottonmillLake,Nebraska

BrownstoneExploration&DiscoveryPark,Portland,ConnecticutWhatusedtobequarry,thisextremeadventureparkwasleasedfromtheTownofPortland.WithapartnershipwiththeTown,Portlandreceivesaportionofalladmissionfees.Portlandalsohasbeenrelievedofmostofthemaintenanceandpolicingdutiesandisnowalmostfullyoperatedbythecurrentowners.

Someoftheamenitiesinclude: Swimming Snorkeling ZipLines CliffJumping RopeSwings RockClimbing Wakeboarding Kayaking Diving Hiking Biking

ThreeOaksRecreationalArea,CrystalLake,Illinois

Aftertwentyyearsofsculptingavisionoftheseonceminedquarries,theCityofCrystalLakereclaimedthisdisturbedlandandturneditintoafresh,new,andexcitingrecreationalarea.Equipped with pristine waters, natural habitats, and prime fishing, users can come out and enjoythewaterorsimplyhaveapicnic.Opensincelate010,thesetrails,playgrounds,andopenspace,havebeengreatlyappreciatedbytheresidentsofCrystalLake,Illinois.

Someoftheamenitiesinclude: BoatRentals Classes&Courses CulversRestaurant Fishing Hiking Sledding Swimming Picnicking Playground SplashPark Walking Paddleboarding Diving

CottonmillLakeRehabilitationProjectNorth-CentralNebraska CottonmillLakeisaacreimpoundmentlocatedjustwestofKearney,Nebraska.Dotothelargeabundanceofroughandpoor sportfish, this body of water hasbeenperformingverylow.

Itcontainslargedepositsofsedimentation,creatingapooraquaticenvironment.TheaveragedepthofCottonmillLakewasreducedfrom11.8ft.tojustunderft.

Datingbackto1,thecityofKearney,NebraskateamedupwiththeGameandParksCommissiontobeginalakerehabilitationproject.Duringtheproject,theyremoved00,000cubicfeetofsediment.Theyren-ovated the existing fish population,createdbreakwaterjetties,islands,andseveralunderwaterstructuressuchasrockpiles,woodencribs,andce-dartrees.

PartThree:Design

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Concept Conceptually,thissiteplanissegregatedbasedonamentityrelationships.Programele-mentsaresub-dividedinto6majorareasandlistedinorderofimportance:Conservation,Fishing,MountainBiking,Equestrian,Camping,andOpenSpace.

ConservationTheareadesignatedforconservation

playsthemostimportantroleinredevelop-ment.Thisisbecausethesitehasbeensoheavilydisturbedandcutsthroughamajorwildlifecorridor,splittingitintwo.Thesiteasawholeisinneedofanecologicalface-lift.

Fishing A new and revitalized fi shing habitat is theclientsforemostdesire,asthiswillbetheprimarysourceofcontinuedfunding.Thisenhancedecosystemgoeshand-in-handwiththeoverallbigpictureofconservation.

Mountain Biking MountainBiketrailsarealmostagivenduetothecontortedtopography.Thesesud-denanddrasticelevationchangesdemanedtrailstobeutilizedontheseunfamiliarFloridacurvatures.

EquestrianAnequestriancenterwastheonlypro-

posedamenitywithasimilarfeatureonlyminutesdowntheroad.Insteadofafull-blownequestriancenter,thisparticularoneonlyfunctionsasabarnwithgrazinglandandapracticeareaforbothridingandbarrelracing.Therearedesignatedpathsthrough-outthesiteforuserstoridehorsebackandenjoyotheramenities.

Camping Fishermen,Bikers,HorseRiders,oranyotherguesthastheoptiontostaythenightinoneofseveralonsitecabinsortentarea.Locatedontheedgeofthefullyrestorecon-servation area/fi shing habitat, guests can en-joyahealthyandvibrantnaturalcommunity.

Open Space Openspaceservesmanydifferentfunc-tions. It can range from overfl ow parking to communityfestivals.Itcanbeaplacetolayinthesunorthroughafrisbee.

Fishing Lake

Fishing LakeMountain BikingEquestrian Area

Welcome CenterOpen Space

CampgroundsParking

Conservation AreaVehicular Circulation

Secondary Vehicular CirculatonRun/Walk PathEquatrian Trail

Zip Line

Legend

Recr

eatio

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utdo

orsm

an -

Fina

l Con

cept

Campgrounds

Fishing Lake

Fishing Lake

ConservationArea

Open Space

Mountain BikingWelcome

Center

Parking

Equestrian Area

Fishing LakeCampgrounds

Zip Line

NScale 1=100 0 400 800 1600

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Master Plan

NScale 1=100 0 400 800 1600

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PhasingPhase One: Bass Estuary

Construct Bass Estuaries by connecting existing bodies of water and excavating connection points. Pave parking lot for truck and trailer parking; install ramps, docks, and fueling station; and begin northern vehicular access.

Phase Two: Conservation

Begin to restore and rehabilitate designated conservation area. Funds from fishing amenity will cover remission costs.

Phase Three: Remaining Primary Infrastructure

Build remaining infrastructure suitable for vehicular traffic, Welcome Center, hook-ups for campgrounds and immediate parking.

Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure

Designate and clear paths for mountain biking and equestrian use, pave walkway for joggers/walkers, construct barn, and clear open space.

Phase One: Bass Estuary

Depth Legend 0 - 10

10 - 2020 - 30 30 - 40

Many bodies of water lack the structural features needed to provide adequate infrastructure for fish to thrive. These existing limestone quarries are currently not in a healthy condition to pro-vide a sustainable environment for any aquatic creatures. There are few existing shorelines that are not hard edges. These hard edges provide little to no fish coverage or spawning habitats.

Proposed is to broaden the shorelines and their edges. For-tunately, the quarry depths vary greatly. Of the approximate 230 acres, it is very infrequent that the depth exceeds 40. The ma-jority of the underwater por-tion of the site is under 20. By expanding the shelf just off the shoreline, a much more sustain-able and efficient ecosystem can be created. With the addition of both natural and artificial struc-tures, fish can thrive.

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Sections showing artificial shelf

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Natural Structures for Fish Cover In general, an ideal largemouth bass habitat is one with slow to non-flowing water, water temperature from 80 to 90F, an abundance of aquatic vegetation, which provides a place for food and cover if necessary, and water that is clear. Bass are found in rivers, lakes and ponds, though lakes provide the preferred habitat. They gravitate to areas less than 20 feet deep. In colder areas they also need water deep enough to allow them to over winter. They seek areas filled with submergent vegetation, submerged logs and brush, as well as rocks. These types of cover and structure are sought by largemouth bass from birth as they offer places to hide when young and places from which to ambush prey when mature. (Bass Fishing & Catching)

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Artificial Structures for Fish Cover There are several varieties of artificial structures that can supply fish, in this particular case, Bass, a place to hide. These structural features are extremely important, not only for the fish, but for all aquatic ecosystems. The introduction of drop offs, rock reefs, docks, or even logs will help maintain a diverse and healthy ecosystem while providing an environment for both game and non-gamefish alike. These artificial structures will provide hiding spaces from predators, shade on hot days, and an area for food organisms to grow.

From an anglers perspective, structure attracts fish, both the smaller fish seeking cover and the larger, predatory fish, searching for prey. This spells good fishing for anglers who know where structural features are located. (Illinois EPA)

Examples: Brush Piles Evergreen Trees Oak Pallets Rock/Rubble Piles Log Cribs Pipes Stake Beds Plastic

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Phase Two: Conservation

Before After

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Conservation Benefits There are several benefits to the remission of a disturbed landscape and returning it to its previous, natural habitat. Many of the common benefits are restored ecosystems, enhanced wildlife habitats, cleaner aquifer, less pollution, and so much more. After researching these re-mission benefits, some other ones also have proven this high capital investment to be worth-while. Resources for biodiversity conservation can be limited, but with appropriate investment strategies and understanding the benefits and costs of rehabilitating this specific ecosystem, this habitat restoration can be a success.

The average capital cost of remission for a conservation area is approximately $933.66/acre. Obviously slope, soils, and existing deterioration play large roles in determining actual costs, but for the sake of capital investment projections, this number will be used.

At an approximate 200 acres of conservation land, the estimated cost of rehabilitation would be $186,732.00.

Potential Benefits Cleaner Air Cleaner Water Enhanced Wildlife Increased Biodiversity Higher Amounts of Stored Carbon Reduced Runoff Connectivity to Existing Corridors Increased Aesthetic Value Learning Opportunities Study Plots

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Existing Corridor East of CR235, there is an existing corridor that has been disected by limetone quarries. With the proposed conservation plan, the teal color will be converted back to conservation land and mend the two portions of the corridor together once again.

Existing Corridor

Existing Corridor

NonConservation

Land

ProposedConservation

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Phase Three: Remaining Primary Infrastructure & Related Amenity

Welcome Center

The welcome center is the central gather-ing place for the entire site. Here, visitors can be briefed on all the amenities Recreational Outdoors-man has to offer. Inside of the welcome center there is a small gift shop, including a convenient center for overnight guests. On the second floor of the wel-come center are 5 hotel rooms. These rooms over-look the ledge facing the mountain bike trails and the large mound located in the center.

Campgrounds If the user does not want to be in a hotel style atmosphere, they can opt to rent a cabin or a plot to pitch a tent. All of the cabins are located on wa-terfront property, deep into the woods. The tent plots are immediately across the street and are also heavily vegetated. Each parcel has water/electri-cal hookups. Each parcel is segregated enough to ensure privacy from the rest of the amenities. The overnight guests will really be able to enjoy the out-door experience.

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Circulation

There are two main access points to the site, shown with a yellow polygon, . They are con-nected by a two lane road that serves as the pri-mary circulation of the site. This road has been divided into a main entrance and a boat & trailer entrance. Users can access both, but the delinea-tion between the two makes movement through-out the site more convenient.

Parking

There are a number of different spaces to park throughout the site, . There are 4 locations that are strictly designated for parking at any time. The restricted areas are the truck & trailer parking (furthest north) and the overflow parking located on the lawn, or green space. This overflow parking is to only be used during tournaments and festivals. During festivals, parking is to be used by vendors. Parking for the mountain bike trails is located northeast of the trails. A much smaller area for parking is located near the barn. Users wishing to go horseback riding can park on the outside of the fence, along side the road.

P

P

P

P

P

P

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Phase Four: Remaining Secondary Infrastructure & Related Amenity

Equestrian Center

Mountain Biking

Open Space

Zip Lines

Trials

Trials

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Equestrian Center

The south-eastern portion of the site is dedicated to a home for horses. Structurally, there is a 14 stall barn to house the resident horses. There is a variety of difficulties for a variety of rider skillsets. Immediately outside of the barn is a practice area for user to get acclimated to their new horse. To the south there is another practice area for the more advanced riders. Here users can practice and hone in on their barrel racing skills. All of the acreage to the west of the barn is grazing land for the horses to stretch their legs and relax. Trail System Throughout the entire site there are multiple trails for different users to experience. Look-ing at the master plan to the left, the grey trails are paved paths suitable for runners, walkers, or cyclists. The brown paths that intertwine through the grey trails, are meant for horseback riders. This separate path allows them to travel at their own pace without the worry of other guests spooking the horses.

Zip Line As seen on the mas-ter plan, the zip lines have 4 landing towers. Starting at the western most point of the open space, guests can zip to a multi-tiered landing pad. Once they have landed they can climb to the next level and zip to the next station.

Landing Stations

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Existing

Proposed

Mountain Bike Trails

Due to the sites extreme and vast eleva-tion changes, it is already set up for some or-ganic mountain bike trails. What was once the beginning of a new quarry, will now become a multi-difficulty trail system. From beginners to novice riders, there will be a trail for everyone.

Relief Map

Depth Legend 90+

80 -8970 - 79 60 - 69

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Experience Upon arrival to the site, the user will feel as if they are pulling into the same environment that existed a hundred years ago, when these quarries were in their prime. To pay homage to this historical value, architectural features will sport cracker style design. Scattered throughout the site will be outdated and rustic pieces of equipment that were onced used to mine lime-stone. This will again pay respect to the history of the site.

It is obvious that each user will leave experiencing something different. Whether they vis-ited the site to go fishing or horseback riding, they will have experienced, at some point, the same emotions. With this cracker style environment in this now densley vegetated habitat, the user will know what life may have been like in the early 1900s.

All of the amenities provided on site will definitely attract users from immediate area and surrounding context. Whether a student from the University or a family from down the road, there is something for everyone.

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Referenceshttp://en.nfhsf.com/miche/pollution-and-disturbance-of-limestone-quarrying.htmlhttp://www.epa.state.il.us/water/conservation/lake-notes/fish-cover.pdfhttp://www.bassfishingandcatching.com/largemouth-bass-habitat.htmlhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Florida_Gopher_Tortoise.jpghttp://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/opossum-family-nathaniel-kidd.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Procyon_lotor_(Common_raccoon).jpghttp://storage.wildobs.com/rangergirl141/mediums/Deer_top_buck.jpghttp://www.southern-colorado-guide.com/images/cranedance.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Wild_Pig_KSC02pd0873.jpghttp://www.aloha-hawaii.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/kauai-horseback.jpghttps://scout-story-images.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wired2fish/migrated-assets/2012/07/big-swim-bait-bass-fishing.jpgWhitetail Deer - http://www.huntinginflorida.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/hunting-in-florida-whitetail-deer-hunting-0191.jpghttp://www.myharriman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/camping_at_night.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Mountain-bike-racing.jpghttps://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6140/5942259592_c3cb15cd40_z.jpghttp://www.crystallake.org/Home/ShowImage?id=2009&t=635477387157800000http://www.sdstate.edu/nrm/organizations/gpnss/tpn/upload/40-3-4_Spirk_et_al.pdfhttp://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/56/49/c9/atl-sky-tower.jpghttp://en.nfhsf.com/miche/pollution-and-disturbance-of-limestone-quarrying.htmlhttp://www.epa.state.il.us/water/conservation/lake-notes/fish-cover.pdfhttp://www.bassfishingandcatching.com/largemouth-bass-habitat.htmlhttp://www.southeastdiscovery.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Brights-Creek-Equestrian-Center.jpghttp://www.bassmaster.com/tips/bass-pitshttp://masonryworx.com/home/historic-quarry-gets-stunning-re-development/http://www.lcfpd.org/preserves/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.view&object_id=194http://www.rayscottbassretreat.com/lakes/

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