Rocky Mountain Power 2011 Clinic ProjectDynamic Line Rating
Preliminary Design Review
Project Advisor: Dr. Thomas SchmidClinic Team Members: Skyler Kershner, Benjamin Sondelski, Trevor Nichols, Shayan Barzagari, Zhao Qi
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Presentation Overview
• Project Background
• Goals
• Proposed Solution
• Additional Considerations
• System Implementation
• Model
• Expected Results
• Budget / Timeline
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Project Background• Overhead Conductor Sag
• National Electrical Safety Code specifies minimum clearance
• As conductor heats, sag increases• Environmental, power considerations• Dynamic line rating system needed
[1] Clearance Levels
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Project Goals• Develop dynamic line rating system
– Combine best characteristics of commercially available models
– Simple design
• Implement system in a model
• Validate collected data
[2] Line Sag Illustration
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Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging
• Directly measures sag and line temperature• Non-contact measurement
[4] Configuration
[5] Camera View
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Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging
• Provides high contrast images, temperature measurement• Image processing tracks lowest point in line
[6] Thermal Image
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Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging
• Limitation: Cost
Model Price
FLIR T620 $19,500
FLIR SC325 $13,500
FLIR E60 $7,500
[7]
[8]
[9]
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Conclusion• Need for dynamic line rating• Goals• Thermal imaging as potential solution• Limitations of thermal imaging
– Other methods needed
Contact Info:Skyler [email protected]
References
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Zhao – Overview
• Tension as a solution
• Sag – Tension rating and calculation
• Design Problems/Solutions
• Conclusion
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Tension as a Possible Solution
• All-Inclusive Measurement–line temperature, environment temperature, solar
absorption • Accuracy
• Low-Power Draw
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• D – Vertical sag
S – Horizontal length of the span W – Unit weight of the conductor Tr – Resultant conductor tension Th – Horizontal component of tension
Fig. 1 Parabolic Sag Curve
Sag-Tension Rating and Calculations
[10]
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Tension as a Possible Problem
• Cost• Actual implementation
– Required line outage for installation
• Ice and wind loading
• Length of Conductor–Stretching and high temperatures
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Design Problems/Solutions• Ice loading
• Wind loadingFor structures below 60 feet:
For structures exceed 60 feet:
• Resultant ice and wind loading
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Conclusion• Overview of Sag- Tension• Tension advantages • Tension problems/Solutions
References:[1]- “Overhead Conductor Manual”, 2nd Edition, Southwire Company, 2007
[2]- IEEE “Guide to the Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductor”, 2004
[3]- IEEE “Guide on Conductor Self-Damping Measurements”, 1978
[4]- “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [online]. Available:
http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/
Contact information:
Zhao Qi
ECE department, University of Utah
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Trevor – Overview
• Magnetic Field Sensing
• Implementation difficulties
• Project Difficulties
• Build a model - advantages
• Conclusion
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Magnetic Field Sensor
Three Axis Magnetic Field Sensor
MAGNETOMETER RS232 W/CASE
• High Accuracy, <0.5% Full Scale• 10 to 154 Sample/Sec• Low Power consumption• Input voltage range 6 to 15 (VDC)
[11]
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Magnetic Field Measurement Difficulties
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Project Difficulties
• Field Deployment of Prototype–Power–Communication
• Uncontrollable variables
• Budget
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Build a Model
• Test wide range of aspects
• Control experiment variables and environment
• Develop realistically implementable solutions
• Retain a low budget
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Conclusion
• Magnetic Sensing• Magnetic Difficulties• Project Difficulties• Advantages of Model
References:[11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospace-
catalogdocuments/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf.
Contact Information:Trevor Nichols
801-710-2173
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Shayan – Overview
• Proposed Solution
• Math Defining Model Requirements
• Measuring Temperature
• Conclusion
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Proposed Solution
• Mock thermal imaging system
[12] [13]
• Build a model scaled down to 30:1 ratioApproximately 600 feet scaled to 20 feet
• Measure sag in a controlled environmentClinic Lab – Merrill Engineering Building 2350
• Develop an effective dynamic line rating system
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Math defining model • Tension in the line – direct effect of line temperature
• Temperature – direct effect of amount of line current
• Amperage – controlled system input
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Measuring Temperature
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Measuring Temperature
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Conclusion
• Proposed Solution• Characteristics of Model• Mock thermal imaging
–IR thermometer–IR video camera
References:[12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp.
[13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&&
Contact Information:Shayan Barzegari
801-824-8492
Benjamin – Overview • benefits of in-house scale model• power supply• electrical diagram• conductor span• expected model performance
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Benefits of In-House Scale Model
• communications• controlled environment
–simple comparison to IEEE 738
–no exposure to weather• verification of thermal time
constant• test bed for future clinics
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Power Supply
• need 480V, 3 phase• 208V 3 phase is available• 2kVA each• power supply losses
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Model Electrical Diagram
National Electrical Code:• bonding and grounding• conductor sizing• overcurrent protection• ground detector
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Conductor Span
• 1½″ PVC structure (FORMUFIT connectors)• transparent covering (acrylic or polycarbonate)
• dead-end attachments
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Expected Model Performance
• 20′ span• 200lbs tension at 25°C• Sparrow ACSR
Physical Model: Conclusion• benefits of in-house scale model• power supply• electrical diagram• conductor span• expected model performance
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• contactBenjamin Sondelski(801) [email protected]
• references[1]National Fire Protection Association, "National Electrical Code," Boston,
national standard NFPA 70, 2008.
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Budget
Item Specs Model Source Each Qty Ext
Pipe, PVC 1-1/2″ Schedule 40 10 ′ Home Depot $ 4.59 18 $ 82.62
4-way PVC tee 1-1/2″ FORMUFIT $ 3.10 10 $ 31.00
3-way PVC Elbow 1-1/2″ FORMUFIT $ 3.00 10 $ 30.00
Turnbuckle 3/8″ stainless Model # 7112 Store SKU # 372074 Home Depot $ 8.42 2 $ 16.84
Plywood 3/4″×24″×24″ Model # 300950 Store SKU # 300950 Home Depot $ 9.17 2 $ 18.34
PVC Cement $10.00 1 $ 10.00
Hardware Misc $20.00 1 $ 20.00
Arduino Programmable Controller Radio Shack $40.00 1 $ 40.00
IR Therm Home Depot $20.00 1 $ 20.00
Servo 180 degree Pivot Radio Shack $20.00 1 $ 20.00
IR Camera 2 Mexapixel newegg.com $70.00 1 $ 70.00
Total $ 358.80
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Timeline
Year 2011 2012
Month Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.
Task
1 Background Resarch
2 Design Model
3 Build Model
4 Test Model
5 Analyze Data
6 Adjust Model
7 Finalize Model
8Implement exterior Cond.
9 Devolop dynamic rating
10 Document
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CONCLUSION
• Measure Sag• Build a Model• Desirable:
• Measure Conductor Temperature • Due to budget, use Temp Sensor and IR
Camera• Validate Measurement
• Measuring Tension • Magnetic Sensor
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Contact Info / References
References[1] “Clearance Levels”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/customerservice/otherrequests/treetrimming/faq/orchard/index.shtml.
[2] “Line Sag Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://redefinescience.blogspot.com/2011/05/power-lines.html.
[3] “Tension Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.ehow.com/how_8049821_calculate-transmission-line-tension.html.
[4] “Configuration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=139418&page=274.
[5] ”Power Line View”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://forcechange.com/2190/proposed-legislation-would-speed-up-permitting-process-for-transmission-lines.
[6] “Thermal Image”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.x20.org/thermal/.
[7] “FLIR T620”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=18118.
[8] “FLIR SC325”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=31095.
[9] “FLIR E60”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=36820.
[10] “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/
[11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf.
[12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp.
[13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&&
Rocky Mountain Power Clinic TeamElectrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of [email protected]
