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WATER MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FOR ROD-KOHI SYSTEMS
Engr. M. Zaheer-ul- Ikram
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH INSTITUTENARC, ISLAMABAD
ROD-KOHI SYSTEMSNon-Perennial FloodwaterSulaiman Ranges of D.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Barkhan, Loralai and Zoab Kacchi Plain, Lasbela and Kharan Basin of BalochistanKirther Range of Jamshoro (Thana Boula Khan), Dadu & Larkana
Perennial KalapaniD.I.Khan, D.G.Khan, Zhob, Loralai, Kacchi Plain
Potential for Development * Mater Feasibility Studies for Flood Management of Hill-Torrents, NESPAK, 1998.
WHY ROD-KOHI IMPORTANT?Rod-Kohi helps for:Water SpreadingMaintaining Soil MoistureMaintaining Soil FertilityRecharging GroundwaterSustainability of KalapaniSupporting Surface Cover and Natural Vegetation
TECHNICAL ISSUESInherent uncertainty and unpredictabilityWet and dry yearsHigh risks and not equally distributed Active land formation - scour and siltationSilting of nullahs leading to flood hazardsInadequate and inappropriate diversionInequity in distribution of share of waterTail-end water users - affected in both extremes of flood and drought
SOCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL ISSUESSystem deteriorationWater rightsLack of institutional support to water usersLack of co-ordination among public sector institutions
ECONOMIC ISSUESMarginal returnsDifficulty in competing with alternative sources of incomeHigh failure rate of schemes built by public sectorInsufficient provision for water storage (domestic and stock water use) Substantial investments required
R&D Activities
Water Distribution Structure at D.I.Khan
Water Regulating Diversion Structure at D.I.Khan
Water control , Diversion & Regulating Structure at Main Stream
Water Distribution Structureat D.I.Khan
Water Distribution Structure at Barkhan
Water Distribution Structure at Barkhan
Earthen Diversion Bund at D.I.Khan
Plastic Lining at Critical Sections
Water Application and Drainage Structures
Irrigating the Rod-Kohi field
Water Application and Drainage Structure
Water Conveyance Irrigation Systems
Remodeling of Rod-Kohi Tributary of Nullah Gomal
Remodeled Water Conveyance Irrigation System
Pipe-FlowIrrigationSystemsOn FarmersDugwells, Barkhan
Plantation of Fruit Trees underPipe Flow Irrigation Systems
Water Bank and Lined Water Channel at Mithawan Watershed
Water Diversion and Control Structures with Earthen Improvement, Mithawan Watershed
Command Area Development
Development of New Areasat Mithawan Watershed
Conveyanceof Water inRugged MountainousTerrain
Aqueduct coupled with pre-cast parabolic Lining
Low Cost Lining of Water Channel
Lining of Water Channels
LDPE Film Lining 250 Micron
4.5 inch Brick Lining Pre-casted Parabolic Lining
Water Harvesting and Check Dams
Earthen Water Storage Reservoir at Mithawan Watershed
Earthen Ponds and Lining with Plastic Films at Barkhan
Check Dam
Construction of Check Dam at Mithawan Watershed
Eyebrow Terraces for Mazri &Plantation of Forest Trees at Barkhan
Some failed interventions
Small Dam constructed by JICA for initiatingWatershedManagementin MithanwanWatershed notholding water
Water control/ distribution system at Choti Balaa (Mithawan Dam) silted after 2 floods
Water control and distribution system at Choti Bala
Water control and distribution system at Choti Bala
OPTIONS
Managing Outflow at Upstream Construction of storage dams at upstream to induce groundwater recharge and support watershed management activitiesConstruction of check structures in highlands to reduce the velocity of water and trapping of silt
Reducing Existing Losses in Conveyance Network & Crop FieldsImproving the water conveyance systemConstruction of water distribution system at the tertiary levelConstruction of field outletsDevelopment of earthen ponds for domestic and stockwater use Addressing land levels
Enhancing Productivity-IFocus on pulses, fodders, wheat and oilseeds
Research to breed cultivars which extract water from deeper depths
Research to develop drought tolerant fruit plants
Enhancing Productivity-IIResearch to develop low-cost drinking and stock water use technologies
Research to develop high efficiency irrigation systems and high-value agriculture
Reorienting Agriculture Extension for the Rod-Kohi areas
InstitutionalRod-Kohi Development Authorities in all the four provinces having disciplines of:
WaterAgricultureForestryEducationHealthLivestock
Future NeedsCoordination among the public sector institutionsCatchment management strategies to control sedimentation and reduce outflow. OFWM be given priority for diversion, distribution and application of water as program.To create awareness among the civil society groups and NGOs to highlight the importance and potentiality of the area. Rod-Kohi irrigation be included in the agricultural & engineering faculties curriculum.