Rohingya Research

7/31/2019 Rohingya Research

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* nTefMum;a&;rSL;? ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme1 Thin Kyi, Arakanese Capital; ''A Preliminary Survey of the Geographical Sitting'',JBRS, Vol.LIII, Part II,

Rangoon, 1970, p-1-132 vll0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;?&cdkifjynfe,f? 2008

3 jynfe,fjzpfpOf? pm 70-714

Arakan Palace, p. 4885 atmifaomf? ]]AdEdk;NrdKUa[mif;wl;azmfrI}}? ? twJG 1? tydkif; 2? wuodkvfykHESdyfwdkuf?

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1 OD;y@d? ?jynfBuD;r@dKifyd#uwfykHESdyfwdkuf? &efukef? 19102 pErmvmvuFm&? ? (y)wJG? yd#uwfykHESdyfwdkuf? &efukef? 1931? pm 246? 260

3 ? eHUomykHESdyfwdkuf? &efukef? 1967? pm 36


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1 Serajuddin, Muslim influence in Arakan and the Muslim Names of Arakanese Kings, Asiatic

Society of Bangladesh, Vol XXX,I, June, 1986, p 202 &cdkif&mZ0ifopf('k)wJG? 1931?

3 Maurice Collis, The Land of the Great Image, Faber and Faber Ltd, London, P-1074

Smart, Report on the Revision Settlement Operations in the Akyab district 1913-1917, Rangoon, Govt.

Press, 1918, p 155 ewfarmufbkef;ausmf? ;?(wwd,tBudrf)? pmayavmuykHESdyfwdkuf? &efukef? 1999? pm 129


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ESihfyl;aygif;um a'owGif;&dS &cdkifvlrsKd;wdkUudk vufpm;acsjyefojzihf armifawmNrdKUe,f jrpfta&SUbufjcrf;? bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fESihf &aohawmifNrdKUe,f&dS &cdkif&Gmrsm;udk rD;&SKdUzsufqD;jcif;?owfjzwfjcif;cH&jcif;wdkUaMumifh &cdkifrsm;xGufajy;Mu&onf/ &cdkifvlrsKd;rsm; toufqkH;&IH;&NyD;&Gmaygif;rsm;pGmysufpD;oGm;onf/ 4 ,if;odkUysufpD;oGm;jcif;aMumifh ,aeUtxd emvefrxlEdkifbJ

bl;oD;awmif? armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;wGif &cdkif&Gmtenf;i,fomusefawmhonf/ 5 xdkt"du&kPf;aMumihf &cdkifvlrsKd;(20000)cefU toufqkH;&SKH;&NyD; bl;oD;awmif? armifawmrS &cdkif&Gmtm;vkH;rD;&SKdUzsufqD;cH&onfhtjyif &aohawmifNrdKUe,frS &cdkif&GmtcsKdUrD;&SKdUzsufqD;cH&onf/ 6 ppfawGbufodkUjyefvnfxGufajy;olrsm;udk rGwfqvifrsm;u owfjzwfaeaMumif; Mum;odMuonhf armifawme,f

1 bkHaygufomausmf? ? owif;*sme,fykHEdSyfwdkuf? &efukef? 1973? pm 732 armifxif?]]&cdkifjynfe,ftpD&ifcHpm}}? ? 1960? Zlvdkif? twJG 8? trSwf 9? pm 14

3 &cdkifjynfe,fESihf&dk[if*smtrnfcHb*FgvDrsm;jyem? pm 934

D 1313?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/5 ;? 'kwd,wJG? pm 36-376 ?NrdKUe,fordkif;jzpfpOfrSwfwrf;jyKpka&;tzJGU?&aohawmif? 1981? pm 22


8/47


8

rS &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;onf aemufqkH;wGif t*Fvdyftpdk;&bufrS wm0efcH&cdkift&m&dS\tultnDjzihf 'dEmpyl&fppfajy;pcef;odkU xGufajy;cJh&onf/1

bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,fwGif 'kwd,urmppftwGif; b*FgvDwdkU\ &ufpufowfjzwfrIaMumihf aoqkH;Mu&jcif;? xGufajy;Mu&jcif;ESihfywfoufonfh touf&Sifusef&pfolwdkU\ ajymMum;

csufrsm;t& rGwfqvifukvm;wdkU\ tpDtpOfonf 4if;a'otwGif; tcGifhta&;BuKHcdkuf &cdkifwpfOD;wpfa,mufrS rusef&pfatmif tjywf&Sif;&ef pDpOfMujcif;yifjzpfonf/ armifawme,fawmifydkif;wGif tv,foHausmf? wyfwdk;jyif? pyfcsukef;?a&Smufudef;? NrdKUacsmif; ponfh&Gmrsm;onfrGwfqvif&efudk tBuD;tus,fcH&aMumif; od&dS&onf/ xdk&Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;rsm;onf 'dEpyl;&fppfajy;pcef;odkU wpfOD;rSa&muf&dSjcif;r&dScJhacs/ 2 &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;u tdEd,bufodkU xGufajy;Muaomfvnf; rGwfqvifukvm;rsm;rSm xGufajy;oGm;jcif;r&dSbJ &cdkifwdkUydkifqdkifcJhonfh v,fajrrsm;? uRJEGm;rsm;udk 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufvkyfudkifMuonf/ xdktcsdefwGif armifawmNrdKUwGif usef&pf

aom rGwfqvifrsm;u Nidrf;csrf;a&;tzJGU (Peace comittee) zJGUpnf;um tkHarmfrsmu OuXtjzpfaqmif&GufNyD; pDrHtkyfcsKyfcJhonf/3 1942 ckESpf atmufwdkbmwGif *syefwdkUa&mufvmonhftcsdefwGif

(Peace comittee) udk bmoma&;toif;tjzpf toGifajymif;um *sarwltlvrm;toif;trnfjzihf pwifvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/

tdEd,EdkifiHdS NAdwdoQwdkUtaejzihf *syefudk jyefvnfwdkufcdkufEdkif&eftwGuf V. Force[kac:aom taysmfwrf;wyfzJGUudk 1942 ckESpfwGif zJGUpnf;cJhonf/ wyfzJGU0ifrsm;onf b*FgvDukvm;rsm;jzpfNyD; 4if;wdkU\t"duwm0efrSm *syefwdkUtm; ajymufusm;ppfqifa&;ESihf wdkufcdkuf&ef?

&efolvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk owif;pkaqmif;&efESihf pum;jyefrsm;tjzpfaqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/4

odkUaomf*syefwdkUta&;edrfh NAdwdoQwyfrsm; jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmonhftcg vdkufygvmonhf b*FgvDppfonfrsm;taejzihf *syefudkwdkufcdkuf&rnhftpm; &cdkifwdkUudk vufpm;acswdkufcdkufrIrsm; jyKvkyfvmonf/

ppftwGif; NAdwdoQtpdk;&\ tpD&ifcHpmwGif-&aohawmifa'o&dS &cdkifaus;&Gmrsm;wGif qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefaomjzpf&yfrsm;ESihf 4if;wdkUcHpm;&aom ysufpD;qkH;&IH;rIrsm;taMumif; Mum;od&onf/ ar,kjrpftaemufbufurf;&dSaus;&Gmtrsm;pkrSm ppfwaumif; taysmfwrf;wyfzJGU\ rD;&dIUjcif;ESihfzsufqD;jcif;udk cHcJh&

onf/ --- 4if;wdkUonf bdk;bGm;ydkifajrrsm;rS ESifxkwfcH&aom &cdkifvlrsKd;rsm;jzpfNyD;4if;wdkUtm;u,fq,f&eftwGuf arQmfvifhcsufr&dSaMumif;

1 &cdkif-ukvm;t"du&kPf;udk,fawGUrSwfpk? pm 12 &cdkif-ukvm;t"du&kPf;udk,fawGUrSwfpk? pm 5

3 D 1318? ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk4

Irwin, Anthony,Burmese Outpost, London, Collins, P-7-8,16


9/47


9

a&;om;xm;onf/1&cdkifwdkUu rGwfqvif&efaMumihf ppfajy;pcef;odkU xGufajy;cJh&aomfvnf; rGwfqvif

ukvm;trsm;pkrSm usefaecJhojzihf &cdkif&Gmrsm;wGif 0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif;? &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;ydkifv,frsm;udk 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifjcif;wdkUjzihf ae&m&,lxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ wpfzufEdkifiHodkU ppftwGif;

xGufajy;cdkvIHcJhonfh &cdkifrsm;onf rdrdae&yfodkUjyefvmonhftcg tdfk;tdrfrsm;rD;avmif ysufpD;qkH;&IH;aejcif;? rGwfqvifrsm;u&Gmwnf aexdkifjcif;wdkUaMumihf tjcm;NrdKUrsm;odkU oGm;a&mufaexdkifMu&onf/ jyefvnfxlaxmifaomaus;&Gmrsm;rSm ajrmufydkif;wGif toihftwihfay:vmaomfvnf;awmifydkif;a'owGif &GmvkH;uRwf aoaMuysufpD;rIaMumihfvnf; jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkifjcif; r&dSawmh

onfudk awGU&onf/2t*Fvdyftpdk;&u &cdkif&Gm jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;jyKvkyfaomfvnf; rGwfqvifukvm;rsm;u

rvdkvm;jcif;? vltiftm;uGmjcm;jcif;? rl*sm[pfrsm;u Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;aMumifh &cdkifwdkU rMumcP

xGufajy;aeMu&ojzihf &Gmwnfr&Edkifawmhonhf tajctaeodkUa&muf&dScJh&onf/ 1946 ckESpfwGifjyef0ifvmaom rGwfqvifrsm;onf bl;oD;awmifNrdKUESifh eD;uyfaom uusbuf? uHBuD;jyif?armifeD&Gm? tv,facsmif; paom&Gmrsm;yifvQif tdrfajc(30) xufrausmfao;acs/ xdk&Gmrsm;wGif1948 ckESpfu rGwfqvif vlOD;a&wpfodef;ESpfaomif;ausmfvm&m rnfodkU0ifvmonfudk pOf;pm;Edkifayonf/ &yf&Gmom;rsm;rSm &cdkifr&dSbJ rGwfqvifoufoufjzpfNyD; olBuD;rSmvnf; rGwfqvif

olBuD;jzpfaejyef&m ppfwaumif;e,frS rGwfqvifrsm; pdwfMudKuf0ifxGufEdkifvmjcif;jzpfonf/ 3bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,frsm;wGif ppftwGif;u xGufajy;oGm;aom &cdkif&Gmrsm;tm;vkH;udk

ppftNyD;wGifppfwaumif;e,frS rGwfqviftrsm;tjym; 0ifa&mufae&m,lvmMuonf/

'kwd,urmppfrwdkifrDuyif tdEd,EdkifiH&dS rGwfqvifrsm;u oD;jcm;rGwfqvifEdkifiH xlaxmifay;&ef NAdwdoQtpdk;&xH awmif;qdkvIyf&Sm;vmonf/ rGwfqviftrsm;pk&dSaom tdEd, taemuf

bufa'oESihf tdEd,ta&SUbuf b*Fvm;jynfe,fa'orsm;udk ygupwefEdkifiHtjzpfxlaxmifay;&efawmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ awmif;qdkvIyf&Sm;rIonf armifawm? bl;oD;awmif NrdKUe,frsm;&dSppfwaumif;om;wdkUu topfjzpfay:vmaom ygupwefESihfaygif;&ef pDpOfMuonf/ txl;ojzihfrGwfqvifynmwwfrsm;u MudK;pm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkUaMumihf 1942 ckESpf u&mcsdNrdKUwGifusif;yaom tpvmrfnDvmcH ygupwefESihf aygif;pnf;a&;tqdkwpf&yf wifoGif;cJhonf[k

1 London India Office Record, R/8/9GS, 42432 London India Office Record, R/8/9GS, 4243 p. 6

3 OD;pHxGef;atmif? (vufESdyfpufrl) pm 99-100


10/47


10

od&onf/ bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? &aohawmifwdkY rGwfqvifOD;a& rsm;onhftwGufygupwefe,ftwGif; xnhfoGif;owfrSwfay;a&;udk NAdwdoQtpdk;&xH toem;cH&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf[kqdkonf/1

ppftwGif; 1946 wGif Jami-a-tul Ulema-e Islam tzJGU ay:aygufvm&m 4if;ygwDu

1947 ckESpfwGif u&mcsdodkUoGm;um ygupwefvGwfajrmufa&;vIyf&Sm;aeaom rGwfqvifacgif;aqmif*sif;em;ESifh awGUqkHNyD; bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? &aohawmifwdkUudk ygupwefEdkifiHESihf

yl;aygif;cGihfjyK&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf/ 2 xdkodkUaqG;aEG;&mwGif &cdkifajrmufydkif;a'oudk wdkufcdkufNyD;ygupwefxJodkUoGwfoGif;&ef odkUr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otjzpf &&dSatmif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm;wdkufwGef;ay;&efjzpfonf/ odkUaomf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; tdEd,odkUtoGm;wGif rGwfqvifacgif;aqmif rpwm*sif;em;ESihf awGUqkHcJh&m *sif;em;u bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'orS rGwfqvifrsm;u ygupwefxJodkU yl;aygif;&efawmif;qdkrIudk rdrdudk,fwdkifraxmufcHaMumif; ajymMum;

cJhonf/rGwfqvifacgif;aqmif *sif;em;u-

&cdkifjynf armif;awmESihf bl;oD;awmife,frsm;udk b*Fvm;jynfxJodkU oGwfoGif;ay;&efppfwaumif; rlpviftcsKdUu awmif;qdkcsufESihfywfouf odkU vkH;0rjzpfap&yg[kajym&if; Armjynfomru rnfonhftjcm;e,fy,fudkrS odrf;,l&ef odkUr[kwf awmif;,l&efrlpvifvdcf &nf&G,fcsufr&dSaMumif;? xdkuJhodkU b*Fvm;jynfta&SUydkif;rS vufwqkyfrQavmufaom rlpvifvlrsKd;tcsKdU\ awmif;qdkcsufqdkonfrSmvnf; bmrS *&kpdkufp&m

rvdkaMumif;ponfjzihf&Sif;jycJhonf/31947 ckESpfukefcgeD;rSmyif bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f apwDawmifaus;&GmrSolBuD;a[mif;

qlvfwif\nD rdk[mrufu OD;aqmif rGwfqvifvli,frsm;udk vQdKU0SufpGmpnf;&kH;NyD; rl*sm[pfygwDudkzJGUpnf;um vufeufrsm;udk vQdKU0Sufxm;&dScJhonf/ xdkodkYzJGUpnf;pOfu &cdkifwdkUudktumtuG,fay;&ef zJGUpnf;xm;aom xGef;atmifjzLtzJGUESihf rl*sm[pfygwDwdkUyl;wJGum ojyKacsmif;aus;&GmwGif vlxktpnf;ta0;usif;yNyD; tzJGUtrnfudk rl*sm[pfygwD[kac:wGif&ef qkH;jzwfcJhNyD;xGef;atmifjzLtm; em,utjzpf wifajrSmufMuonf/ xGef;atmifjzLonf uGefjrLepfygwDESihfqufpyfoljzpf&m rl*sm[pftzJGUudk uGefjrLepfpcef;odkU ac:aqmifoGm;cJhonf/ uGefjrLepfwdkUu

zqyvtpdk;&jyKwfusvQsif &ckdifjynfESpfydkif;ydkif;vdrfhrnf? ewfjrpfta&SUzufrS ukvm;wefjrpf

1 cifBuD;azsmf?]&cdkifjynfrS rl*sm[def;[lonf?} ?1959-60? pm 992

Dr. Mohammed Yunus,A History of Arakan: Past & Present, Mangenta Color Press, Chittagong,1994, P-

1233 OD;ykuav;? J?(wwd,wJG)?(ykHESdyfwdkufryg)?&efukef?1948? pm 54-55


11/47


11

taemufzuftwGif;&dS e,fajrtydkif;udk &dk[if*smjynfe,ftjzpf owfrSwfay;vsuf useftydkif;udk&cdkifvlrsKd;rsm; tkyfcsKyfvdrfhrnf[k ajymqdkcJhaMumif; od&dS&onf/1

rl*sm[pf[laom pum;\t"dym,frSm ]]rdrdwdkif;jynfESihf bmoma&;tcGihfta&;udkwdkufcdkufaomol}}[k qdkvdkonf/ odkUaomf 1947 ckESpf Jami-a-tul Ulema-e toif;rS

acgif;aqmifNyD; wef;pDvSnhfvnf&mwGif ygupweft"GefU&Snfygap[k a


12/47


12

bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? &aohawmifNrdKUe,f\ ar,kjrpftaemufbufurf; a'owdkUudkjrefrmEdkifiHopf xlaxmifonhftcg rGwfqvif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'otjzpf MilitaryAdministrator of North Arakan u uwday;cJhonf qdkonfhtcsufudk uREkfyfwdkUowif;r&acs/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif oD;jcm;rGwfqvifjynfe,fwpfck wnfaxmifay;&ef

&nf&G,fjcif;onfvufawGUrusacs/ bmoma&;wpfckwnf;jzihf wdkif;&if;om;jzpfrvmEdkifouJhodkU jrefrmEdkifiHrSma&m? urmrSmyg tpOftvmr&dSacs/

jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tjcm; State rsm;rSm ordkif;aMumif;t& jrefrmbk&ifrsm;acwfwGifoD;jcm; State rsm;jzpfcJhNyD; jrefrmwdkUodrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifaecJhaMumif;? &cdkifwGif&dSonf rGwfqvifrsm;onf &cdkif(odkUr[kwf)jrefrmvufatmufwGif tNrJwrf;aexdkifcJhNyD;State tjzpfcJG aexdkifcJhjcif; &dSolrsm;r[kwfaMumif;? e,fajrtaejzifhMunfhvQifvnf;4if;wdkUonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tNrJwrf;yg0ifNyD; jrefrmwdkUvufatmufwGif aecJh&aMumif;?

4if;wdkUudk,fwdkif tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkiftjzpf awmif;qdkcJhbl;jcif;vnf; r&dSbl;ojzihf,cktcg oD;jcm; State awmif;jcif;onf cdkifrmonfh taMumif;jycsufr&dSaMumif;?4if;wdkUtaejzihf EdkifiHom;awmif;cH&efomoihfaMumif;? bmoma&;wpfckwnf;udktajccHNyD;

oD;jcm; State awmif;Edkifonhf tcGihfta&;r&dSaMumif;? jrefrmEdkifiHxJodkU 0ifa&mufaexdkifoljzpfojzihf vGwfvyfaom State vkyfydkifcGihfr&dSaMumif;? 4if;tawG;ac:onf*sif;em;rS pwifvmjcif;jzpfaMumif;? wl&mrsKd;wlpkrsm;aygif;um jynfe,fxlaxmifvdkonfh

ykHpHrsKd; &cdkifwGifaqmif&GufvQif tkyfcsKyfa&; tBuD;tus,f&IyfaxG;EdkifaMumif;?-----

rGwfqvifa'owpfck zefwD;&ef awmif;qdkjcif;rjyKbJ Oya'jyKvTwfawmfwGif yg0ifum4if;wkdU tem*wfudkvIyfatmif aqmif&GufEdkifaMumif;rSwfcsufjyKcJhonf/ 1 NAdwdoQwkdUtaejzifh wpfzufwGif rGwfqvifwdkU\ awmif;qdkcsufrSm;aMumif;ajymMum;aomfvnf; wpfzufwGif rnfodkUqufvufvkyfoifhonfudk vrf;aMumif;ay;xm;onfhtcsufrsm; ygonfudkawGU&onf/ EdkifiHwpfck? jynfe,fwpfckxlaxmif&eftwGuf rnfonhftcsuftvufrsm;vdktyfaMumif;? rnfonhfvrf;aMumif;rS aqmif&GufvQif tcGifhta&;&EdkifaMumif; vrf;jyxm;jcif;udkawGU&dS&onf/ aemiftcg xdkvrf;aMumif;twdkif; rGwfqviftzJGUu aqmif&GufvmonfudkawGU&onf/ 1947 ckESpf arv 15 &ufaeUu vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;XmerS wifjyonhfpmwGif 4if;a'o&dS rGwfqvifrsm;onf armifawm? bl;oD;awmife,fudkfrontier areaowfrSwfay;&efawmif;qdkcsufudk udkifpJGaeqJjzpfaMumif;? ta&SUygupwef{&d,mwGif yg0if&ef awmif;qdkqJjzpfaMumif; yg&dSonfudkawGU&onf/2

1Series 10/1, Acc. No. 641, NAD

2Series 10/1, Acc. No. 641, NAD


13/47


13

odkUaomf jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;&awmhrnf[k owif;jyefUESHUvmaomtcg b*FgvDrsm;onftcsif;csif; yl;aygif; ydkrdkvIyf&Sm;rIjyKvkyfvmonf/ oD;jcm;rGwfqvifjynfe,f &&dS&ef[laomarQmfvifhcsufrjynhfrD jrefrmEdkifiH vGwfvyfa&;&rnfjzpf&m tm;xm;rSDcdk&rnhfol uif;rJhawmhrnf[k,lqum txl;pdk;&drfcJhMuonf/ wGifrl*sm[pf vIyf&Sm;rIudk aqmif&GufcJhonfh umqifonf

'umNrdKUrSae jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tm; qefUusif0g'jzefYrIrsm;jyKvkyfjcif;? owif;pmtoD;oD;wGifvIHUaqmf0g'jzefUjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvmjcif;jzihf rl*sm[pfvIyf&Sm;rIonf wjznf;jznf; BuD;xGm;vmcJhonf/1

1948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufaeUwGif jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;&&dScJh&m EdkifiHawmftm;zqyvtpdk;&u tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ &cdkifwGif (&wn)tzJGUu &cdkifjynfe,f&&dSa&;udk taMumif;jyK

pnf;&kH;vSKyf&Sm;aeonf/ vGwfvyfa&;r&rDuyif zJGUpnf;cJhaom rl*sm[pftzJGUonf vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf tiftm;awmihfwif;vmcJhonf/ 1948 pufwifbm 30 &ufaeUwGif bl;oD;awmifESihf

(3)rdkifcefUuGmonhf qiftdk;jyif&GmwGif rl*sm[pfwdkU pwifpcef;cscJhNyD; ]]ygupwef*sDemAwf}}(ygupweft"GefU&Snfygap) [laom a


14/47


14

1948 ckESpf vGwfvyfa&;aeUaMumihf vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGihfjzihf axmifrSvGwfvm&m ae&yfodkUrjyefbJOD;pdEm\ &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufa&;ygwDwGif wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&mufonf/ 1 OD;ynmoD[xHwGifvnf; wynfhcHcJhonf[kod&onf/ OD;pdEmxHrS vufeufokH;vufcdk;,lum bl;oD;awmif?armifawme,fodkUjyefvmNyD; Jaffar Kawal xHodkU 0ifa&mufum rl*sm[pfygwDwGif vIyf&Sm;cJhonf/

4if;yl;aygif;cJhaom tzJGUacgif;aqmifrsm;udk NzdKcGif;um tiftm;aumif;vmcJhonf/21951 ckESpf ZGefvwGif armifawmNrdKUe,f? tv,foHausmf&Gm rlvwef;ausmif;

(,ckwJGbuftxufwef;ausmif;) (tcsKdUuAvDa&SUwGif usif;yjcif;jzpfonf[kqdkonf/)3 t&yf&yfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifaom rGwfqvifnDvmcHudk usif;ycJhonf/ xdknDvmcHodkU ygvDreftrwfrsm;jzpfaom plvwefrmrGwf? OD;zdk;cdkif(rGwfqvif)? a':jrnGefUwdkU wufa&mufMuonf[kqdkonf/

ygvDreftrwfrsm;taejzihf tmPm&,lxm;jcif;ESifhtwl bmoma&;vrf;nTefcsufjzifh aqmif&Gufaejcif;udkvnf; xif&Sm;apcJhonf/ 4 4if;tpnf;ta0;u awmif;qdkcsuf(14)csufudk t*Fvdyf

bmomjzihf tpdk;&odkU tdwfzGifhay;pm;tjzpf a&;om;wifjycJhonf/ 4if;pm\tzGihfwGif ]]trsKd;jyKwfatmifowfjzwfjcif;udk &yfwefUavmh? &cdkifwdkif;wGif rGwfqvifrsm;omvQif uGefjrLepf0g'ESihf'Drdkua&pD0g' vGefqJGyJGBuD;wGif BuHhBuHhcHaeolrsm;jzpfonf/ zJGUpnf;ykHOya't& &cdkifrGwfqvifrsm;\awmif;qdkcsufrsm;}} [k a&;om;xm;onf/ 4if;wdkUawmif;qdkonfh tcsufrsm;wGif-

- &ckdifajrmufydkfif;udk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;&dS &Srf;jynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,f?csif;awmifwef;rsm;? ucsifa'orsm;enf;wl vGwfvyfaom rGwfqvifjynfe,ftjzpf tjrefqkH;zJGUpnf;ay;&ef? ,if;jynfe,fwGif jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uGyfuJrIjzihf

jynfe,fppfwyf? jynfe,f&JwyfzJGU? jynfe,fvkHNcKHa&;tzJGUrsm; xm;&dS&ef/- ppfawGNrdKUudk &cdkifjynfe,fawmifydkif;? ajrmufydkif;NrdKUawmf[k owfrSwfum NrdKUESihfqdyfurf;uGyfuJrIudk &cdkifESifh rGwfqvif(50)&mcdkifEIef;pD pDrHcefYcJGtkyfcsKyfcGifhjyK&efESihf

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trQ apvTwfcGifh&&ef?- rGwfqvifaumifpD xm;&dScGifhjyK&ef?- tpvmrftxufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESihf aumvdyfausmif;rsm; wnfaxmifcGihfjyK&e?f

1 armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOfordkif;? pm 742 ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk? D 272

3 OH/P/0363/2009,ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk4 OH/P/0363/2009,ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk


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15

ponhftcsufrsm;yg&dSonf/ 1 &cdkifajrmufydkif;udk awmif;qdk&mwGif ppfawGudkyg xnhfoGif;awmif;qdkcJhonf[k awGU&dS&onf/ 2 xdknDvmcH\ vrf;nTefcsufrsm;onf ,aeUxufwdkif vIyf&Sm;aeaom

b*FgvDrGwfqvifrsm;\ EdkifiHa&;vrf;aMumif; yifr&nfrSef;csufyifjzpfonf/rl*sm[pfygwDrS a&mf&dSef;acgif;aqmifaomtzJGUu NrdKUe,fzqyvOuX OD;pHxGef;atmifrS

wpfqihf 0efBuD;csKyfxHwifoGif;&ef awmif;qdkcsufyg pmwrf;wpfapmifay;ydkUvmonf/ xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif-

- &cdkifa'otwGif;&dS rGwfqvifrsm;tm;vkH;udk EdkifiHawmftwGif;&dS &cdkifrGwfqvifrsm;tjzpf vufcH&ef?

- rl*sm[pfrsm;udk tNrJwrf;wyfrawmfwGif &cdkifrGwfqvif aoewfudkifwyf tjzpfoD;jcm;xm;ay;7ef?

- tpdk;&Xmewdkif;wGif rGwfqvifrsm;tm; t&nftcsif;tvdkuf0ifcGifhjyK&ef?

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- rGwfqvifuav;rsm; ynmoifausmif;wdkif;wGif tm&fbDbmomudk tNrJwrf;bmomwpfcktjzpf jrefrmpmESihf wef;wlowfrSwfay;&ef?

- bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f? armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;wGif aq;&kHBuD;wpf&kHESihf aq;ay;cef;rsm;udk vdktyfaomae&mrsm;wGif zGihfvSpfay;&ef?

- bl;oD;awmif? armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;wGif aumvdyfausmif;wpfausmif;ESihf wef;jrihf

ausmif; (4)ausmif;zGihfcGihfjyK&ef?- EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu 4if;wdkUtzJGUtm; &cdkifwdkif;olykefESdrfeif;a&;twGuf usnfqefxkwfay;&efwdkU yg&dSavonf/ 6 xdkodkUawmif;qdkcsufrsm; wifjy&mwGif &dk[if*sm[laomvlrsKd;taejzihf awmif;qdkonfhtcsufrygao;bJ &cdkifa'owGif; rGwfqvifrsm;udk &cdkifrGwfqviftjzpftodtrSwfjyK&efESihf rGwfqviftcGihfta&;awmif;jcif;udk awGU&ojzihf xdktcsdeftxd &dk[if*sm[laomvlrsKd;tjzpf zefwD;,l&ef tpDtpOfr7dSao;aMumif; awGU&dSEdkifonf/

1 Charter of the Constitutional Demands of the Arakani Muslims (1951)2 &dk[if*smpmwrf;tusOf;jyKpkwifjyjcif;? vufESdyfpufpmrl? pm 5

3 bk&m;0wfjyKcGifh4 OykofjyKcGifh5 trsKd;orD;rsm;0wf&kH0wfcGifhESifh0wf&kH\ rsufeSmzkH;udk vSefMunfhcGifhr&dS&ef/6 bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fordkif;? vufESdyfpufrl? pm 220


16/47


16

rl*sm[pfjyemonf wjznf;jznf;BuD;xGm;vmNyD; vTwfawmfwGif wifoGif;aqG;aEG;&onftxd jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ NrdKUa[mif; (ajrmufOD;)NrdKUe,f vTwfawmftrwf OD;vSxGef;jzLuppfrjzpfrDu bl;oD;awmif? armifawma'owGif &cdkif&Gmaygif; 200 ESihf 300 Mum;wGif&dSaMumif;?,cktcg (10)&GmavmufomusefawmhaMumif;? &cdkifrSqefrsm;udk ygupwefodkU wifydkUjcif;?&cdkif

rsm;udk owfjzwfjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfaMumif;? 4if;ESihf qufEG,fonfhtzJGUrsm;onf ppfawGESifh &efukefwGifvnf;&dSaMumif;? vTwfawmfwGifvnf;&dSEdkifaMumif;? ygupweftpdk;&udk,fwdkifu umqifudktm;ay;aeaMumif;? ygupwefwGifxkwfonhf owif;pmrsm;wGif *sife&,fumqif[k qdkxm;aMumif;? odomxif&Sm;onfrSm jrefrmEdkifiHrS xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifoGm;aom umqifudk ygupwefuzrf;rdonhftcg jrefrmtpdk;&u ygupweftpdk;&xH vTJajymif;ay;&ef awmif;qdkaomfvnf;vufrcHyJ vTwfay;vdkufaMumif;? 4if;jyemonf tvGefBuD;us,fonhf jyemjzpfaMumif;wifjyoGm;onf/ 1 umqifudk aemufuG,frS tumtuG,fay;aeolrsm;wGif bl;oD;awmif?

armifawmrS vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvmonhf rGwfqviftrwfrsm;ESihfyg ywfoufaeonfhtoGifudk od&dSEdkifonf/

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jzpfonf/ rl*sm[pfacgif;aqmif umqifESihfywfouf [Hom0wDowif;pm-rl*sm[pfrGwfqvifwyf aoemywdAdkvfcsKyfumqifonf vGefcJhonhf Zlvdkifv 26 &ufaeUu ppfwaumif;e,f(aumhpfbZm)ac: zavmif;aps;NrdKUodkU vufeufudkifppfom;rsm; jcH&Hqdkufa&mufvm&m NrdKUolNrdKUom; &maxmifrQ aomif;aomif;zszs BudKqdkMuonf[k

qdkxm;avonf/ 4if;tjyif ygupwefta&SUydkif; &ufow (4)ywfrQ aexdkifwnf;cdkoGm;&moufqdkif&m tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&dSrsm;u {nhfcHjyKpkMuojzihf zavmif;aps;NrdKUwGif (4)&ufrQaeNyD;ppfwaumif;odkUoGm;&mvnf;? NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;u npmpm;yJGrsm;ESihf wnfcif;{nhfcHMuonf[k tqdk&dSavonf/ xdkUaemuf 4if;rl*sm[pfacgif;aqmifumqifonf xdkppfwaumif;NrdKU tjcHt&Hrsm;ESihf&ufow(2)ywfrQaexdkifNyD; t&m&dSrsm;ESihf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? &yfuGufqdkif&m bmoma&;tpnf;t&kH;rsm;tm; w&m;a[mjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? jyKvkyf zavmif;aps;NrdKU

1 ; (1957 pufwifbm 20&uf) pmwJG(4) tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;?tpdk;&ykHESdyfwdkuf? &efukef? 1958? pm 1239

2 ,if;? pm 1243


17/47


17

odkUjyefvmNyD; Mo*kwfv 25 &ufaeY armifawmodkUjyefvm&m? 4if;ESihftwl vufeufaowmaygif;(35)aowmrQ ygoGm;onf[kqdk&m owif;twkdif;rSefvQif ygupweftpdk;&u rl*sm[pfudpudkwrifwum tvdkwltvdkyg vspfvsL&Ixm;ouJhodkY jzpfaeavonf[k a&;om;xm;onfudkawGU&onf/1

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[k rSwfwrf;wifxm;onf/2

rnfodkUqdkap ta&SUygupwef(,ckb*Fvm;a'h&fS)taejzihf rl*sm[pfolykefrsm;tay: tm;ay;aeonfudk odomxif&Sm;apouJhodkU wpfzufEdkifiHbufrS jynfolrsm;taejzihf umqiftay:vdIufvdIufvJSvJS BudKqdkMujcif;onf 4if;wdkUESihf vlrsKd;wl? bmomwlolwpfOD;u jrefrmEdkifiHxJwGif0ifa&mufaexdkifaom 4if;wdkUESihf vlrsKd;wlrsm;tay: acgif;aqmifaeonf[k,lqum tzufzufrStultnDay;aejcif;jzpfonfrSm xif&Sm;ayonf/

rl*sm[pfjyemonf avmavmq,ftm;jzihf 'kwd,urmppfBuD;\ qdk;arGwpf&yfjzpfaomfvnf; twdwftm;jzihf 1824 ckESpf t*FvdyfjrefrmppfyJGtNyD; rGwfqvifrsm; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;odkU0ifa&mufvmjcif;rS jrpfzsm;cHcJhonf/ xdktcsdefrSp bl;oD;awmif? armifawm? ausmufawmf?rif;jym;? ajrykH ponfha'orsm;odkU rGwfqvifbmom0if ppfwaumif;b*FgvDrsm; twm;tqD;r&dS0ifa&mufvmjcif;rS pwifcJhonf/3

rGwfqvifbmom0if b*FgvDwdkUonf *sD[wfac: bmoma&;ppfyJGudk qifETJavh&dSNyD;4if;bmoma&;ppfyJGwGif yg0ifMuonfh &Jabmf&Jbufrsm;udk rl*sm[pf[kac:qdkMuonf/ rl*sm[pfqdkaompum;\ t"dym,frSm ]]rdrdwdkif;jynfESihf bmoma&;tcGihfta&;udk wdkufcdkufaomol}} [kvnf;qdkvdkonf/ rl*sm[pftzJGUonf *sarwltlvrm; bmoma&;tzJGU\ vrf;nTefcsufudk taumiftxnfazmf&aomtzJGUjzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzihf *sarwltlvrm;tzJGUonf ajray:tzJGUjzpfNyD;

1 ? 3-9-52? pm 32 OD;pHxGef;atmif? ?vufESdyfpufrl? bl;oD;awmif? 1969? pm 13

3 ? jr0wDykHESdyfwdkuf? pmrsufESm? ckESpfryg/


18/47


18

rl*sm[pftzJGUonf ajratmuftzJGUyifjzpfonf/ 4if;wdkU\t"du &nf&G,fcsufonf armifawm?bl;oD;awmif? &aohawmife,frsm;udk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwGif;rS cJGxkwfNyD; ygupwefEdkifiHESihf yl;aygif;Edkif&ef jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESihf &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; vufeufudkifvsuftMurf;zuf wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfonf/1

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[kqdkonf/ xdkuJhodkUtrdefUay;NyD;aemuf bmoma&;*dkPf;tkyfonf e,fvlxk\tBudKtqdkESifh 1947'DZifbmtukefavmufwGif jyefoGm;onf[kqdkonf/2 rl*sm[pfolykefwdkUtm; *sarwltlvrm;tzJGUutpdk;&udkwdkufcdkufrnhftcg vdkufem&rnhf nTefMum;vTmudk xkwfjyefcJh&m ,if;nTefMum;csufudk1948 ckESpf {NyDv (10)&ufaeUwGif oufqdkif&mrsm;rS odrf;qnf;&rdonf[kod&onf/ rl*sm[pfrsm;onf ,leDazmif;0wff Mu,fvwHqdyfygaom OD;xkyfudk tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/3

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onf if;wdkUbmomt,ltqt& ygyrif;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? 4if;wdkUtkyfcsKyfrIrS bl;oD;awmif?armifawm? &aohawmife,frsm;&dS rGwfqvifbmom0ifwdkUonf rl*sm[pfwdkUESihf vufwJGumwdkufyJG0if&ef wdkufwGef;aMumif;yg&dSonf/ wenf;tm;jzihf bmoma&;ppfyJGjzpf&ef &nf&G,fjcif;yifjzpfonf/

rl*sm[pfaomif;usef;olrsm;\peufaMumihf armifawmNrdKUe,f&dS Ak'bmom0ifaus;&Gmrsm;rMumcP NydKysufcJh&onf/ aus;&GmtcsKdUrSm rl*sm[pfrsm;\vufcsufaMumihf vkH;0aysmufuG,f

oGm;NyD; &Gmtrnfomusef&dSaeawmhonf/ 1950 ckESpfwGif ar,katmfya&;&Sif;csrSwfum rl*sm[pfXmecsKyfudk xdkd;ppfqifwdkufcdkufcJhonf/ wyfrawmftaejzihf 1951 ckESpf? rwfvwGif &cdkifwdkif;ajrmufydkif;&dS aomif;usef;olrsm;udk pwifxdk;ppfqifcJhonf/ rl*sm[pfrsm;onf ta&SUygupwef

bufodkU xGufajy;MuNyD; wyfrawmfxdk;ppf&kyfodrf;oGm;onhftcg x


19/47


19

wdkUtaejzihf vlrdsK;a&;ESihfbmoma&;qdkif&m t"du&kPf;rsm;pGmudk zefwD;cJhMuonf/ wyfrawmfonf 1952 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif ar,kppfqifa&;udk pwifjyefonf/ Edk0ifbmvwGifrl*sm[pfXmecsKyfwnf&dS&m vufyefawmifudk wyfrawmfu wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufvdkufonf/ xdkUaMumifhumqifacgif;aqmifaom rl*sm[pfwdkU rsm;pGmtiftm;enf;yg;oGm;cJh&onf/

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onfvnf; wyfrawmfppfaMumif; &kyfodrf;oGm;onfESihf &cdkifaus;&Gmrsm;udk xdyg;aESmifh,Sufvmonf/ 1 1954 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif wyfrawmfonf bl;oD;awmifESihf armifawme,fajrrsm;wGif rkwfokHppfqifa&;qifEJT&m rl*sm[pfXmecsKyfESihf tcdkiftrm ajcukwfpcef;rsm;udkacsrIef;EdkifcJhNyD;

XmecsKyf r*FvmBuD;pcef;udk wdkufcdkufodrf;qnf;Edkifojzihf umqifonf ta&SUygupwefodkUxGufajy;oGm;cJhonf/ xGufajy;oGm;onhf umqifudk jyefvnftyfESH&ef jrefrmtpdk;&u awmif;qdk

aomfvnf; 4if;wdkU zrf;qD;xm;aMumif;tjypfjzihf wpfzufEdkifiHodkUxGufajy;oGm;oludk jyefvnfvJTajymif;ay;&ef jrefrmtpdk;&ESihfw&m;0ifpmcsKyf csKyfqdkxm;jcif;r&dSojzihf vJTray;EdkifaMumif; taMumif;Mum;cJhonf/ 4if;udpESihfywfouf ygupweforwBuD; jrefrmEdkifiHodkU vma&mufvnfywfpOf

owif;axmufrsm;u tqdkyg umqifudpudk ar;jref;&m orwBuD;u umqifudk 5 ESpfaxmifxJwGifxm;cJhNyD; tcktcg 4if;tm; tjcm;odkUoGm;vmcGihfrjyKbJ olUudktdrfcsKyfcsxm;aMumif;ajzMum;cJhonf/ 2 1961 ckESpfwGif ar,kc&dkif tkyfcsKyfa&;zJGUpnf;NyD;aemuf xdk;ppfrsm;qifcJh&mESpfvtMumwGif bl;oD;awmif awmifydkif; rl*sm[pfygwDOuX rpwma&mfbD[lvm? 'kwd,OuX

rpwmarmfpawmfzDESifh tzJGU0ifaygif; 290 ausmfwdkU vufeufcsonf/3

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rl*sm[pfvIyf&Sm;rIonf ar,kc&dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;aemufydkif; xdk;ppfqifrIrsm;aMumihf tiftm;qkwf,kwfoGm;aomfvnf; 1966 ckESpfcefUwGif jyefvnfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/ umqif\ rl*sm[pfvufusef t'laZmfvDESihf anmifacsmif; (bl;oD;awmif)ywf0ef;usifwGif bDataZmfazm? tvHeD

1 ? pm 1322 ? 5-12-1960? pm 2

3 jr0wDykHESdyfwdkuf? pmrsufESmryg/4 ? pm-133


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uGefjrLepfwdkUESihf yl;aygif;aeaom ZmazmfwdkU toD;oD;ay:aygufvmonf/ ,cifu rGwfqvifbmoma&;a


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- &dk[if*smudk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;tjzpf todtrSwfjyK&ef

- bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,fudk &dk[if*sma'otjzpf todtrSwfjyK&ef- &cdkifjynfvGwfajrmufonhftcg tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif &cdkif 60% ?ukvm; 40%

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&dk[if*smtzJGU\ awmif;qdkcsuftcsKdUudk vdkufavsmcJh7onf[k qdkonf/ 4if;wdkUrSm-- &dk[if*smygwDonf &dk[if*sm(ukvm;rsm;)\ wpfckwnf;ygwDjzpfonf?- xdkUaMumihf ukvm;trsm;tjym;&dSaom armifawm? bl;oD;awmif taemufbuf

awmif&if;ydkif;onfvnf;aumif;? bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f anmifacsmif;ESihf anmifacsmif; txufydkif;onfvnf;aumif;? &dk[if*sm(ukvm;rsm;)\ e,fajrjzpfonf?

- yll;wJGppfaumfrwD\ tBuD;tuJonf ppftiftm;rsm;aom &dk[if*smygwDrSjzpf&rnf[laomtcsufrsm;jzpfonf/

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4if;wdkUtaejzihf &dk[if*smvGwfajrmufa&;twGuf rnfokdUyifajymqdkaeapumrl yifudk,fpdwfwGif tmupwefEdkifiH xlaxmifa&;OD;wnfcsufokdU oGm;aeonfudkawGU&dS&onf/ r,ljrpf0Srf;rS

1D 1315

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22

&cdkifrsm;udk armif;xkwfum rGwfqvifEdkifiHxlaxmif&ef pDpOfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ 1985 ckESpf

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'kwd,urmppfNyD;aemufydkif; t*FvdyfwdkU jyefvnf0ifa&mufvmonhftcgwGif &cdkifwGif

tvHeDuGefjrLepfygwD\ MoZmvTrf;rdk;rIrSm tajccdkifaeNyDjzpfonf/ &cdkifjynfe,fvlxkonf &cdkif(zqyv)acgif;aqmifrsm;udk rauseyfjcif;? &Srf;? csif;? ucsif? u&if? u,m;wdkUuJhodkU jynfe,ftcGihfta&;udk cHpm;vdkjcif;wdkUaMumihf &cdkifjynfe,fawmif;qdkaom &cdkifacgif;aqmif OD;pdEmtzJGUudk

tm;ay;vmonf/ 4if;tzJGUonf tvHeDuGefjrLepf vdkvm;oltzJGUjzpfNyD; &cdkifoD;jcm;cJGxGufa&;udkawmif;qdkaeolrsm;jzpfonf/ 1947 {NyDv 3 &ufaeUwGif ajrykHNrdKU &cdkiftrsKd;om;nDvmcHudkusif;y&m vlwpfaomif;ausmfwufa&mufNyD; tvHeDuGefjrLepfrsm;ESihf zqyvvnf; wufa&mufMuonf/ xdknDvmcHwGif tcGefray;a&;? v,fcGefray;a&;? a&G;aumufyJGtvdkr&dS? Adkvfatmifqef;

1D 1315?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk? pm 4

2 D 1317 ? ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme ?armfuGef;Xmepk ?pm 27


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tvdkr&dS? vGwfvyfa&;csufcsif;ay; ponfjzihf awmif;qdkcJhonf/ xdknDvmcHodkU AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wufa&mufrdefYcGef;ajymMum;&m wufa&mufvmonhf jynfolwdkUu Adkvfatmifqef;tvdkr&dS?vGwfvyfa&;csufcsif;ay;[k atmf[pfawmif;qdkMuojzihf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf csufcsif;jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;onf/ 1 1947 ckESpf {NyDv 18 &ufaeUwGif &efukef&dS &cdkifvlxk tpnf;

ta0;u &cdkifcJGxGufa&; awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ 1947 ckESpf ZGefv 15 &ufaeUwGif &efukef&dS&cdkifvlxktpnf;ta0; xyfrHusif;y&m xdktpnf;ta0;u &cdkifonf obm0uoD;jcm;ydkif;jcm;ay;xm;onhf oD;jcm;EdkifiHjzpfaMumif;? ESpfaygif; 4000 ausmf oD;jcm;bk&ifhEdkifiHtjzpf aexdkifvmcJhaMumif;? xdkUaMumihf oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGm qkH;jzwfEdkifonfha'otjzpf zefwD;ay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/2xdkUaMumihf&cdkifwdkUu (zqyv)udk raxmufcHbJ &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;nDnTwfa&;tpnf;t&kH;(&wn)udk axmufcHtm;ay;Muonf/

xdktcsdefu bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,frsm;wGifJami-a-tul Ulema-e Islam tzJGUrS

rGwfqvifrsm;u udk,fwdkifta&G;cHcJhMuonf/ xdkodkUta&G;cH&mwGif ppfwaumif;e,fom; *zg;ubl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,f? &GufndKawm&GmwGif tajcpdkufum a&G;aumufyJGwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifcJhonf/*zg;onf ppfwaumif; e,fom;jzpfonfhtjyif jrefrmpum;rwwfbJ t*Fvdyfpum;ESihf b*FgvDpum;udkom ajymEdkifoljzpfonf/ 4if;ESifhtwl ppfawGrS plvwefrmrGwftygt0if av;OD;ta&G;cH&mtm;vkH;tEdkif&cJhonf/ a&G;aumufyJGESpfBudrfvkH; tEdkif&&dSaomfvnf; zqyvtaejzihf rwdk;EdkifcJhacs/ wpfzufwGif &cdkifygwDjzpfonfh &wnudkvnf; zqyvu rEdkifojzihf wwd,tBudrfa&G;aumufyJGwGif &cdkife,frS tEkdif&&dS&ef BudK;yrf;rIjyKvkyfvmonf/

zqyvtaejzihf &cdkifvlxk\axmufcHrIudkr&onhftcg OD;Ekonf rGwfqviftrsm;pkrJudk&&dSatmif aqmif&Gufvmonf/ 1956 ckESpf jynfolUvTwfawmfa&G;aumufyJGESihf bl;oD;awmife,fwGif rJqEe,fwpfe,fydkrdk owfrSwfay;NyD; rGwfqvifrsm;tm; zqyvodkUodrf;oGif;umta&G;cHapcJh&m tblcdkif? tblabmfa&SmwdkU zqyvtrwfrsm; jzpfvmMu bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,frSplvwefrmrGwf zqyvtrwftjzpfta&G;cH&onf/ bl;oD;awmif? armifawmrS rGwfqviftrwfrsm;udk ta&G;cHcGihfay;cJhNyD; rJtrsm;tjym;&&dS&eftwGuf ppfwaumif;ukvm;rsm;udk ac:oGif;umrJay;cGihf&atmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf[kqdkonf/ ppfwaumif;ukvm;rsm;udk ac:oGif;aeaMumif;

odaomfvnf; OD;Ektaejzihf roda,mifaqmifaecJhjcif;jzihf ukvm;rsm; tqrwefrsm;jym; vmapcJhonf/3 zm;0yf&Gm(armif;awm)rS ygvDrefacwfBuKHcJholwpfOD;u OD;Ekonf zm;0yf&Gmudk a&muf&dSvmaMumif;?rGwfqvifawG zqyvudkrJay;vQif rSwfykHwifxkwfay;rnf? aecGihf&rnf[kajymoGm;

1MF/962, HRC

2 MF/962, HRC3 OH/P/0356/2009,awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/


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aMumif; 4if;\tawGUtBuKHudk ajymjycJhonf/ 1 ajrmufOD;NrdKUwGifaexdkifonfh &wnwGif udk,fwdkifyg0ifcJholwpfOD;u ajymMum;onfrSm OD;Ekonf OD;AaqG? OD;ausmfNidrf;wdkUESihfrwlbJ rGwfqvifrsm;xHrS rJ&a&;twGufEIwfrS tvG,fwul uwday;rIrsm;jyKcJhaMumif;? &wnudkvnf; 4if;\ygwDudkaxmufcHygu &cdkifudkjynfe,fay;rnf[k &wntrwfrsm;udk 4if;\tdrfodkUac:um ajymqdkcJh

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axmufcHrIjzihf b*FgvDrsm;udk ac:oGif;vmonf/ bl;oD;awmifwGif tblcdkifqdkolu zqyvOuX?v0uwdkUESifhaygif;um tdrfaxmifpkpm&if;rsm;jyKvkyfNyD;rS wpfbufEdkifiHrS b*FgvDrsm;udk ac:oGif;vm&m &Gmaygif;(40)ausmfonf wpfr[kwfcsif; a&muf&dSvmonf[kqdkonf/ 3 jyifyrS vlaygif;rsm;pGmudk xdkuJhodkUac:oGif;vmjcif;jzihf zqyv tEdkif&a&;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf OD;Ek\ vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf/ xdktrSm;onf aemifwGif EdkifiHudk rsm;pGmtxdemapaom trSm;wpfckyifjzpfonf/

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ppfwaumif;rGwfqvifrsm; tvG,fwul0ifvmEdkifatmif tumtuG,fay;jcif;? pyg;arSmifcdkvkyfief;rsm;vkyfudkifjcif;? ajratmufvIyf&Sm;rIjyKvkyfaeaom rl*sm[pftzJGUudk tultnDay;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfvmonfudk awGU&onf/ OD;Ek\ zqyvtpdk;&umvwpfavQmufvkH; rGwfqviftrwfrsm;\tmPmjzihf bl;oD;awmif? armifawme,fxJwGif vIyf&Sm;rItrsKd;rdsK;jyKvkyfcJhonfudk awGU&onf/xdke,frS rGwfqviftrwfrsm;onfyif 4if;wdkU\ MoZmtmPmudk tokH;jyKum b*FgvDrsm; 0ifcGihf&atmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhonfudkvnf; awGU&dS&onf/5

&cdkifwdkUjynfe,f awmif;qdkoHrsm; us,fjyefUvmjcif;udk rGwfqvifrsm;uvnf; ,cifuyifpdk;&drfcJhonf/ &cdkifwdkUawmif;qdkcsuf atmifjrifcJhvQif jynfe,fay;cJhvQif rGwfqvifrsm; zdESdyfcH&rnfudk pdk;&drfcJhMuonf/ xdkUaMumifh &cdkifajrmufydkif;&dS rGwfqvifwdkUvnf; cJGxGufa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;pwif

1 OH/P/0359/2009? awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okaeoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/2 OH/P/0362/2009?awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/

3 OH/P/0360/2009 ?awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/4 OH/P/0355/2009?awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/5 OH/P/0354/2009?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme?armfuGef;Xmepk/


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jyKvkyfvmMuonfudk (Rees William)u tpdk;&odkU wpfcsdefuyif wifjytpD&ifcHcJhNyD;jzpfonf/ 1vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemufydkif; &cdkifudk jynfe,fay;ygrnf[k uwday;vdkufaomtcg &cdkifjynfe,f&dSrGwfqvifwdkUonf rausreyfrIrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ vIyf&Sm;x


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rsm;udkom qufvuf jyKusifhaeMuOD;rnfqdkvQif ,ckarmifawmNrdKUe,f jzpfaeaomtajctaeouJhodkY ppfawGc&dkifwpfckvkH;onf ppfwaumif;om;wdkU\ vufxJodkUa&mufoGm;ayvdrfhrnf

[k rSwfcsufjyKxm;onfudk awGU&onf/1

rGwfqvifwdkUonf jrefrmwdkif;&if;om;rsm; r[kwfMuojzihf wdkif;&if;om;rsm;omcHpm;cGihf&dSaom ]]jynfe,f&ydkifcGifh}} udk cHpm;cGihfr&dSaMumif; odvmMuonhftcg rdrdudk,fudk]]&cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rGwfqvif}} rsm;jzpfaMumif; a&;om;wifjyvmMuonf/ xdkvdrfnmwifjyrIudk

ygvDreftrwfa[mif;*zg;rS pwifcJhonf/ 4if;u tv,foHausmfnDvmcHrS qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udktm;ay;aom ordkif;aqmif;yg;wpfyk'fudk 28-8-51 aeYxkwf *g;'D;,ef;owif;pmwGif pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ xdkUaemuf (10)ESpftMum 1960 jynfhESpf? arvxkwf *g;'D;,ef;r*Zif;wGiftrfatwm[D&fbomu (bom)[laom jrefrmtrnfjzihf rpwm*zg;uJhodkU bl;oD;awmif?

armifawmNrdKUe,frsm;&dS ppfwaumif;om; rGwfqvifrsm;udk &cdkifwdkif;&if;om;rGwfqvifrsm;jzpfav[ef rcdkifrmaom ordkif;taxmuftxm;rsm;jzihf a&;om;vmonfudk awGU&onf/

&cdkifwdkU\ jynfe,fawmif;qdkrI BuD;xGm;vmcsdefwGif rGwfqvifwdkUuvnf; &cdkifwdkUESihfwef;wltcGihfta&;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ wdkif;&if;om;tjzpf tcGihfta&;awmif;qdkvmjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkaqmif;yg;udk &dk[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnGwfa&;tzJGUcsKyfuvnf; ]]&dk[if*smvlrsKd;pk&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf}} trnfjzifh tenf;i,fjznhfpGufum 1960 jynfhESpfwGif ykHESdyfjzefUa0cJhonf/ 2 trfatwm[D&fbomuyif 1963 ckESpf ]]&dk[if*smESihf urefvlrdsK;pkrsm;}} [laom pmtkyfudk jrpfBuD;em;

NrdKU &dk[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnGwfa&;tzJGUrSwpfqifh xkwfa0cJhjyefonf/3

xdkUtwl armifoHvGifuvnf;&kd[if*smvlrsKd;rsm; taMumif;udk jr0wDr*Zif;wGifa&;om;um wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfaMumif;vrf;aMumif;jycJhonf/ 4 odkUaomf &dk[if*smESifhywfoufonfh aqmif;yg;tm;vkH;onfa&;om;onhfaqmif;yg;udk xyfwlul;csa&;om;xm;jcif;rsm;om jzpfonfudkawGU&onf/ xdkYxuf

ydkaom taxmuftxm;r&dSawmhbJ vSnfhywfa&;om;aejcif;omjzpfonf/ &dk[if*smvlrsKd;udkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfa&; pDrHcsufjzifh ygvDrefwGifvnf;aumif;? ygvDrefjyifywGifvnf;aumif;pepfwus rGwfqvifynmwwfrsm;u OD;aqmifum vIyf&Sm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

1 Mr. R. B. Smart,Akyat District, Govt. Printing, Rangoon (Yangon), 1957, p-82-862 Ba Tha,Roewengyas in Arakan, The Guardian, 1960, p-33

3 trfat wm[D&fbom m;? &dk[if*smtrdsK;om;nDnGwfa&;tzJGU? &efukef? 1963?4 armifoHvGif?&cdkifukvm; odkUr[kwf &dk;0efnSmvlrsKd;rsm;? ;? twJG(8)trSwf(9)? 1960? pm 18


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1 armifawmNrdKUe,f ordkif;? pm 882

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1 ? &efukef? &dk[if*smtrsKd;om;nDnGwfa&;tzJGU? 1960? pm 122 ?22-2-61? pm 8

3 The Guardian, 1960, p-33

4 vSxGef;NzL? &cdkifjynfpD;yGm;a&;b@modkuf? pm 92-96


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1 tmeEpjEausmufpm2 armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOfordkif;? pm 88

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OH/P/0356/2009 ? awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?ordkif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? armfuGef;Xmepk/


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twGif; NAdwdoQwdkU jyefvnf0ifa&mufonfhtcsdefwGif &cdkifwdkUu t*FvdyfqefUusifa&;vkyfaeojzihf

1 ?28-9-19882

OH/P/0361/2009?awGUqkHar;jref;csuf?20-2-093

Dr. Aye Chan, The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar),

SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research Vol.3, Autumn 2005, P-24

Dr. Aye Kyaw, The Rohingya and Rakhing, http//:arakanland.com/index-4.html5 &cdkifwefaqmif


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1 armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOfordkif;? pm 492 armifawmNrdKUe,fjzpfpOfordkif;? pm 51

3 ? EdkifiHawmfzJGUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'(rlMurf;) a&;qJGa&;aumfr&Sif? armifawmNrdKUe,f? 1971? pm 7

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