Rohit Seminar Report (1)

8/17/2019 Rohit Seminar Report (1)

1/40

A

Seminar report

On

“PLANING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING”

Submitted in fu fi ment of t!e re"uirement of t!e de#ree of

Ba$!e or of Te$!no o#% to department of $i&i en#ineerin#

'()*+,*-.

Submitted to Submitted by:

/r0 Padeep 1ain Ro!it 2umar /eena' e$turer. *(E334E)56 B0Te$! 7 t! 8em

Vivekananda Institute of Technology (EAST)

Sector 3 Sisya!as" #$I $oad" %agat&ura" %ai&ur 3'3'

1


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*E$TI+I*ATE

T!i8 i8 to $ertif% t!at 8eminar report tit ed “ PLANING OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ” bein#

8ubmitted b% Ro!it 2umar /eena a8 a part of t!e $our8e Ba$!e or of te$!no o#% in $i&i

en#ineerin# i8 a re$ord of bona fide 9or: $arried out b% t!em under m% #uidan$e and

8uper&i8ion at $i&i en#ineerin# department; 3i&e:ananda In8titute of Te$!no o#% 'EAST.0

S,-.ITTE/ -0:1 #A.E 2+ ,I/E: 1 /r0 PRADEEP 2U/AR


3/40

A*4#256E/ E.E#T

I 9ou d i:e to e>pre88 m% #ratitude to a t!e peop e be!ind t!e 8$reen 9!o !e ped u8 to

tran8form an idea into rea app i$ation0 I 9ou d i:e to e>pre88 m% !eart,fe t #ratitude to m%

parent8 9it! 9!om I 9ou d not !a&e been pri&i e#ed to a$!ie&e and fu fi m% dream80

I profound % t!an: Dr0 B=A3NA TRIPAT=I '=ead of t!e Department; 4i&i En#ineerin#.; 9!o

!a8 been a #reat 8our$e of in8piration to m% 9or:0

I 9ou d i:e to t!an: /r0 PRADEEP 2U/AR tended t!eir time % !e p and

ea8ed m% ta8:0

3


4/40

A-ST$A*T

Bui din#8 are be$omin# !i#!er and !i#!er no9ada%8 in ma>imi in# and u8e and in&e8tment return0

4on8tru$tion of re8identia de&e opment8 are $on8idered a8 fo$a point of t!e $on8tru$tion indu8tr% in

&ie9 of it8 !u#e abor $ontent8 and turno&er8 e&o &ed due to it8 o9n nature of 9or:8 and in&e8tment8

in&o &ed from t!e in&e8tor80 In&e8tor8 tend to bui d e&er%t!in# po88ib e in a 8ma pie$e of and to

in$rea8e t!eir return from t!eir in&e8tment in t!e "ui$:e8t po88ib e manner0 Pra$titioner8 in t!e

$on8tru$tion indu8tr% are oo:in# for different mean8 and met!od8 in en!an$in# effi$ien$% and meetin#

re"uirement8 from t!e 8tatutor% bodie8 and t!e 4 ient80 T!e purpo8e of t!i8 paper i8 to oo: into t!e

$on8ideration8 re"uired in no9ada%8 $on8tru$tion p annin# for $on8tru$tion of re8identia bui din#0

4i&i en#ineerin# i8 one of t!e mo8t o de8t bran$! of en#ineerin#; 9!i$! profe88iona % dea 8

9it! t!e de8i#n; $on8tru$tion and maintenan$e of t!e p!%8i$a and natura % bui t en&ironment

in$ udin# 9or: i:e road8; $ana 8; bui din#8; dam8; brid#e8 et$0 $i&i en#ineerin# i8 an e>$itin#

profe88ion be$au8e at t!e end of t!e da% %ou $an 8ee t!e re8u t8 of %our 9or:; 9!et!er t!i8 i8 a

$omp eted brid#e; a !i#! ri8e bui din#; or a dam et$0

4


5/40

6ist of &hotogra&hs

6ist of figure

*2#TE#TS

*ontents: &age no7

*ertificate

Ackno!ledgement 3

Abstract 8

*ha&ter : Introduction 91

7 Ear % modern and t!e indu8tria a#e 5

5

Sr0 No0 Fi# no0 De8$ription Pa#e no0

* *0* Staad pro *+( *0( Auto 4AD *6 *06 E e&ation of bui din# (*C *0C Stru$tura of bui din# ((+ *0+ E>amp e of $a $u ation

of bui din#

(-

- *0- Stru$ture of f oor oad (7 *0 Stru$ture of 9ind oad (5

Sr0 No0 De8$ription Pa#e no0

* Reinfor$ement detai 8 of beam 6*( Def e$t of Beam 6(6 Reinfor$ement detai 8 of $o umn 6+

C Def e$t of $o umn 6-+ One 9a% and t9o 9a% 8 ab 67- /ono it!i$ $one$tion bet9een Beam; 4o umn or S ab 65


6/40


7/40

-0( 4o umn de8i#n 6(

-0(0* Po8itionin# of $o umn 66

-0(0( Effe$ti&e en#t! of $o umn 66

-0(06 4o umn de8i#n 6C

*ha&ter < : Slab design 3


8/40

$ondition !ou8e80

Bui din#8 are t!e important indi$ator of 8o$ia pro#re88 of t!e $ount%0 E&er% !uman !a8 de8ire to

o9n $omfortab e !ome8 on an a&era#e #enera % one 8pend8 !i8 t9o,t!ird ife time8 in t!e !ou8e80

T!e 8e$urit% $i&i$ 8en8e of t!e re8pon8ibi it%0 T!e8e are t!e fe9 rea8on8 9!i$! are re8pon8ib e t!at

t!e per8on do utmo8t effort and 8pend !ard earned 8a&in# in o9nin# !ou8e80

No9ada%8 t!e !ou8e bui din# i8 ma1or 9or: of t!e 8o$ia pro#re88 of t!e $ount%0 Dai % ne9

te$!ni"ue8 are bein# de&e oped for t!e $on8tru$tion of !ou8e8 e$onomi$a %; "ui$: % and

fu fi in# t!e re"uirement8 of t!e $ommunit% en#ineer8 and ar$!ite$t8 do t!e de8i#n 9or:;

p annin# and a%out; et$; of t!e bui din#80 Drau#!t8man are re8pon8ib e for doin# t!e dra9in#

9or:8 of bui din# a8 for t!e dire$tion of en#ineer8 and ar$!ite$t80 T!e drau#!t8man mu8t :no9

!i8 1ob and 8!ou d be ab e to fo o9 t!e in8tru$tion of t!e en#ineer and 8!ou d be ab e to dra9

t!e re"uired dra9in# of t!e bui din#; 8ite p an8 and a%out p an8 et$; a8 for t!e re"uirement80

T!e de8i#n i8 made u8in# 8oft9are on 8tru$tura ana %8i8 de8i#n '8taad,pro.0 T!e bui din#

8ub1e$ted to bot! t!e &erti$a oad8 a8 9e a8 !ori onta oad80 T!e &erti$a oad $on8i8t8 of dead

oad of 8tru$tura $omponent8 8u$! a8 beam8; $o umn8; 8 ab8 et$ and i&e oad80 T!e !ori onta

oad $on8i8t8 of t!e 9ind for$e8 t!u8 bui din# i8 de8i#ned for dead oad; i&e oad and 9ind oad

a8 &er IS 9imum and minimum bendin# moment8 and 8!ear for$e8 b% tria and error met!od8 a8 per

IS8; 1 ''' 0 T!e !e p i8 ta:en b% 8oft9are a&ai ab e in in8titute and t!e $omputation8 of

oad8;moment8 and 8!ear for$e8 and obtained from t!i8 8oft9are0

7 Early modern and the industrial age

it! t!e emer#in# :no9 ed#e in 8$ientifi$ fie d8 and t!e ri8e of ne9 materia 8 and te$!no o#%;

8


9/40

ar$!ite$ture en#ineerin# be#an to 8eparate; and t!e ar$!ite$t be#an to $on$entrate on ae8t!eti$8

and t!e !umani8t a8pe$t8; often at t!e e>pen8e of te$!ni$a a8pe$t8 of bui din# de8i#n0

9


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*ha&ter : 6iterature $evie!

7 +loor Vibration Terminology

To better under8tand t!e term8 u8ed t!rou#!out t!i8 paper; a brief o&er&ie9 i8 pre8ented of 8ome

of t!e term8 not fre"uent % u8ed in t!e area of 8tru$tura en#ineerin#0

F oor &ibration8 are primari % indu$ed b% !uman a$ti&it% and me$!ani$a e"uipment0 Tran8ient

&ibration8 di88ipate 9it! time and are $au8ed b% an impa$t for$e; 8u$! a8 9a :in#0Stead%,8tate

&ibration8 are $ontinuou8 o&er time and are $au8ed b% rotatin# ma$!iner% orpeop e 1umpin# to

t!e beat of mu8i$; for in8tan$e0

Ba8ed on t!e 8tiffne88; ma88; and dampin# of a f oor; a f oor 8%8tem &ibrate8 at $ertain

fre"uen$ie80 T!e amp itude of t!e motion of a f oor 8%8tem i8 t!e ma>imum re8pon8e of

a8pe$ified point on t!e f oor from a po8ition of 8tati$ e"ui ibrium0 Amp itude ma% de8$ribe t!e

di8p a$ement; &e o$it%; or a$$e eration of a f oor 8%8tem and i8 often p otted 9it! re8pe$t to time0

=o9e&er; a$$e eration i8 $ommon % u8ed inter$!an#eab % 9it! t!e term amp itude and i8

de8$ribed in t!e unit8 of in0 8 ( or #; 9!ere # H a$$e eration due to #ra&it%0

T!e period; t; of t!e &ibration i8 a mea8ure of t!e time it ta:e8 t!e f oor 8%8tem to $omp ete one

$%$ e of o8$i ation0 Fi#ure *0* 8!o98 a #rap!i$a repre8entation of amp itude and period0

In&er8e % re ated to t!e period; t!e natura fre"uen$%; f; of t!e 8%8tem i8 t!e number of $%$ e8

$omp eted in one 8e$ond; 9it! t!e unit8 of $%$ e8 per 8e$ond or !ert '! .0 A f oor 8%8tem ma%

!a&e 8e&era natura fre"uen$ie8 at different mode8 of &ibration0 A mode of &ibration i8 a pattern

a88umed b% t!e 8%8tem 9!ere e&er% parti$ e i8 in 8imp e !armoni$ motion 9it! t!e 8ame

fre"uen$%0 /ore t!an one mode of &ibration ma% e>i8t in a mu tip e de#ree,of,freedom 8%8tem;

9it! ea$! mode !a&in# a different natura fre"uen$%0 T!e o9e8t natura fre"uen$% of a f oor

8%8tem i8 t!e fundamenta fre"uen$% of t!e 8%8tem0 T!e $orre8pondin# mode of &ibration i8


11/40

:no9n a8 t!e fundamenta mode of &ibration '!arri8 *55-.0

Re8onan$e o$$ur8 9!en t!e for$in# fre"uen$% of t!e input a$ti&it%; 8u$! a8 1umpin#;$orre8pond8

to a natura fre"uen$% of t!e f oor 8%8tem0 T!e !armoni$8 of t!e for$in#fre"uen$% are mu tip e8

of t!e for$in# fre"uen$% and ma% a 8o $au8e a re8onan$e $ondition ift!e% $orre8pond to a natura

fre"uen$% of t!e f oor0

!en an ob1e$t impa$t8 a f oor; ener#% i8 ab8orbed into t!e f oor 8%8tem and t!e &ibration

di88ipate80 Dampin# i8 a mea8ure of !o9 "ui$: % a tran8ient &ibration di88ipate8; and i8 often

e>pre88ed a8 t!e &i8$ou8 dampin# fa$tor or dampin# ratio 'meriam and :rai#e *55(.0 T!e

dampin# for$e8 $an $ome from &ariou8 8our$e8; 8u$! a8 f uid or air re8i8tan$e; :no9n a8 &i8$ou8dampin#; interna fri$tion 9it!in t!e f oor 8%8tem; :no9n a8 8tru$tura dampin#; and e>terna

fri$tion bet9een 8 idin# 8urfa$e8; :no9n a8 $ou omb dampin# 'a&a one and baumei8ter *57 .0

7 +loor Vibration and back ground Vibration:

In an% #i&en 8ituation in&o &in# e>$e88i&e noi8e or anno%in# &ibration8; t!ere are a 9a%8 t!ree

fa$tor8 in&o &ed

*. Sour$e , 9!ere t!e d%nami$ for$e8 are #enerated;(. Pat! , !o9 t!e ener#% i8 tran8mitted; and6. Re$ei&er , !o9 mu$! noi8e &ibration $an be to erated 'do88in# *577.0

For f oor &ibration8; t!e 8our$e i8 t%pi$a % !uman indu$ed &ibration due to norma u8a#e; 8u$! a8

9a :in# or 1umpin#0 Len en '*5--. 8tated t!at a norma f oor i8 not 8ub1e$ted to a 8tead%,8tate

&ibration indu$ed b% ma$!iner% be$au8e t!e ma$!iner% $an be ea8i % i8o ated from t!e f oor

8%8tem and; t!u8; t!e &ibration8 e iminated0 t!erefore; mo8t re8ear$! $on$ernin# f oor &ibration8

i8 fo$u8ed on imitin# t!e effe$t of tran8ient and 8tead%,8tate !uman,indu$ed &ibration80


12/40

73 $evie! of methods to control transmitted vibrations:

De8i#nin# a f oor to pre&ent anno%in# f oor &ibration8 i8 ea8i % a$$omp i8!ed b% fo o9in# t!e

de8i#n $riteria for t!e intended u8e of t!e f oor0 Diffi$u tie8 ari8e 9!en f oor8 are de8i#ned and

in8ta ed 9it!out re#ard to &ibration $ontro or are u8ed for app i$ation8 ot!er t!an t!eir ori#ina

purpo8e; e0#0; offi$e f oor8 u8ed for e>er$i8e a$ti&itie80

I8o atin# t!e 8our$e of &ibration; 8u$! a8 a &ibratin# ma$!ine; from t!e f oor 8%8tem i8 t!e

8imp e8t and mo8t effe$ti&e met!od of $ontro in# anno%in# f oor &ibration80 =o9e&er; 9it!

!uman indu$ed &ibration8; !uman8 are bot! t!e 8our$e of &ibration8 and t!e re$ei&er; ma:in# it

diffi$u t to i8o ate t!e 8our$e from t!e f oor 8%8tem0 T!u8; t!e 8tru$ture it8e f mu8t be modified0

To pre&ent &ibration8 due to 9a :in#; t!e mo8t effe$ti&e met!od of modif%in# t!e 8tru$ture i8 b%

in$rea8in# t!e dampin# 'a en and 89a o9 *5 +.0

A$ti&e and pa88i&e $ontro 8 e>i8t for t!e imitation of f oor &ibration80 =ana#an'*55C. u8ed a

proof ma88 a$tuator; an a$ti&e $ontro met!od 9!i$! uti i e8 out8ide ener#% 8our$e8 to $ontro

&ibration80 Ba8ed on t!e mea8ured mo&ement of a f oor 8%8tem; t!e e e$troma#neti$ a$tuator

re$ei&e8 an input 8i#na 0 T!e a$tuator rea$tion ma88 $ountera$t8 t!e motion of t!e f oor and

redu$e8 t!e &ibration e&e 0

78 $evie! of e>isting floor installations:

2vervie!7 Aerobi$8 f oor8 and dan$e f oor8 are 8imi ar in de8i#n and man% differentt%pe8 are on

t!e mar:et0 T!e ma1orit% of modern aerobi$8 f oor8 pro&ide $u8!ionin# to t!e parti$ipant8 to

pre&ent in1urie8; referred to a8 re8i ient f oor8 ' oeff er *577.; but are not de8i#ned to pre&ent t!e

tran8mi88ion of &ibration8 to t!e 8upportin# f oor 8tru$ture0

Ty&es of floor construction7 T!e mo8t $ommon 8!o$: ab8orbin# or8prun# aerobi$8 f oor

$on8tru$tion met!od i8 t!e ba8:et 9ea&e 0 T%pi$a % $on8i8tin# of t!ree to fi&e $ro88ed a%er8 of

* in0J 6 in0 Board8 p a$ed *- in0 On $enter; ba8:et 9ea&e f oor8 pro&ide 8uffi$ient 9ei#!t,

bearin# 8upport a8 9e a8 8!o$: ab8orption of t!e impa$t of t!e parti$ipant8 ' oeff er *577.0


13/40

Ot!er t%pe8 of re8i ient dan$e f oor8 in&o &e t!e u8e of foam b o$:8; $oi ed 8prin#8; eaf,8prin#8;

and inf atab e 8upport80 Sta#e8tepof p!i ade p!ia; pa mar:et8 t!e 8prin#8tep0

7;$esearch ob?ectives

T!e purpo8e of t!i8 re8ear$! i8 to e&a uate a protot%pe f oatin# $on$rete aerobi$8

F oor de8i#ned to be a $o8t effi$ient 8o ution to t!e prob em of tran8mitted f oor &ibration8 due to

r!%t!mi$ e>er$i8e in e>i8tin# 8tru$ture80 T!e re8u t8 of t!e e&a uation are pre8ented in $!apter8 6

and C0

T!ree $onfi#uration8 of t!e te8t f oor 9ere te8ted in t!e aborator%0 T!e &ibration propertie8 9ere

determined ba8ed on a !ee ,drop e>$itation and t!e tran8mitted for$e8 9ere determined from

1umpin# te8t8 at &ariou8 fre"uen$ie8 for ea$! te8t $onfi#uration0 T!e a$$e eration and for$e tra$e8

9ere ana % ed to determine t!e dampin# $oeffi$ient and natura fre"uen$ie8 uti i in# fa8t Fourier

tran8form80

7 Se@uence of structural !ork :1

*0 Site 4 earan$e

(0 /ar:in# of Site

60 Po8itionin# of 4entra $oordinate ie '););). a8 per #rid p an

C0 Sur&e%in# and a%out

+0 E>$a&ation

-0 La%in# of P44

0 Raft foundation

70 S!utterin# and S$affo din#

50 4on$retin#

*)0 E e$tri$a and P umbin#

**0 De,8!utterin#

*(0 Bri$:9or:


14/40

*60 Door8 and 9indo98 frame8 a on# 9it! inte 8

*C0 irin# for e e$tri$a purpo8e8

*+0 P a8terin#


15/40

*ha&ter 3: Soft!are

T!i8 pro1e$t i8 mo8t % ba8ed on 8oft9are and it i8 e88entia to :no9 t!e detai 8 about

t!e8e 8oft9areK80

Li8t of 8oft9areK8 u8ed

* Staad pro'&7i.

( Staad foundation8 +'&7i.

6 Auto $ad

37 Staad &ro

Fi#er*0* Staad pro

Staad pro i8 po9erfu de8i#n 8oft9are i$en8ed b% Bent e% 0Staad 8tand8 for 8tru$tura

ana %8i8 and de8i#n0

An% ob1e$t 9!i$! i8 8tab e under a #i&en oadin# $an be $on8idered a8 8tru$ture0 So fir8t findt!e out ine of t!e 8tru$ture; 9!ere a8 ana %8i8 i8 t!e e8timation of 9!at are t!e t%pe of oad8

t!at a$t8 on t!e beam and $a $u ation of 8!ear for$e and bendin# moment $ome8 under ana %8i8

8ta#e0 De8i#n p!a8e i8 de8i#nin# t!e t%pe of materia 8 and it8 dimen8ion8 to re8i8t t!e oad0


16/40

t!i89e do after t!e ana %8i80

To $a $u ate 80f0d and b0m0d of a $omp e> oadin# beam it ta:e8 about an !our0 So 9!en it $ome8

into t!e bui din# 9it! 8e&era member8 it 9i ta:e a 9ee:0 Staad pro i8 a &er% po9erfu too

9!i$! doe8 t!i8 1ob in 1u8t an !ourK8 8taad i8 a be8t a ternati&e for !i#! ri8e bui din#80

No9 a da%K8 mo8t of t!e !i#! ri8e bui din#8 are de8i#ned b% 8taad 9!i$! ma:e8 a

$ompu 8ion for a $i&i en#ineer to :no9 about t!i8 8oft9are0

T!e8e 8oft9are $an be u8ed to $arr% r$$; 8tee ; brid#e; tru88 et$ a$$ordin# to &ariou8 $ountr%

$ode80

Alternatives for staad:

Strut8; robot; 8ap; add8 pro 9!i$! #i&e8 detai 8 &er% $ ear % re#ardin# reinfor$ement and

manua $a $u ation80 But t!e8e 8oft9areK8 are re8tri$ted to 8ome de8i#n8 on % 9!ere a88taad $an

dea 9it! 8e&era t%pe8 of 8tru$ture0


17/40

373 Auto*A/:

Fi#er*0( Auto 4AD

Auto4AD i8 po9erfu 8oft9are i$en8ed b% auto de8:0 T!e 9ord auto $ame from auto De8:

4ompan% and $ad 8tand8 for $omputer aided de8i#n0 Auto4AD i8 u8ed for dra9in# different

a%out8; detai 8; p an8; e e&ation8; 8e$tion8 and different 8e$tion8 $an be 8!o9n in auto $ad0

It i8 &er% u8efu 8oft9are for $i&i ; me$!ani$a and a 8o e e$tri$a en#ineer0

T!e importan$e of t!i8 8oft9are ma:e8 e&er% en#ineer a $ompu 8ion to earn t!i8 8oft9areK80

e u8ed Auto4AD for dra9in# t!e p an; e e&ation of a re8identia bui din#0 e a 8o u8ed


18/40

Auto4AD to 8!o9 t!e reinfor$ement detai 8 and de8i#n detai 8 of a 8tair $a8e0

Auto4AD i8 a &er% ea8% 8oft9are to earn and mu$! u8er friend % for an%one to !and e and $an

be earn "ui$: %

Learnin# of $ertain $ommand8 i8 re"uired to dra9 in Auto4AD0


19/40

*ha&ter 8: =lan and Elevation

87 =lan:

T!e auto $ad p ottin# no0* repre8ent8 t!e p an of a # - bui din#0 T!e p an $ ear % 8!o98 t!at it i8a $ombination of fi&e apartment80 e $an ob8er&e t!ere i8 a $ombination bet9een ea$! and

e&er% apartment0

T!e Apartment8 are o$ated at #a$!ibou i 9!i$! i8 8urrounded b% man% apartment80

In ea$! b o$: t!e entire f oor $on8i8t8 of a t!ree bed room !ou8e 9!i$! o$$upie8 entire f oor of

a b o$:0 It repre8ent8 a ri$! o$a it% 9it! !u#e area8 for ea$! !ou8e0

It i8 a # - propo8ed bui din#; So for + b o$:8 9e !a&e +M-H6) f at80

T!e p an 8!o98 t!e detai 8 of dimen8ion8 of ea$! and e&er% room and t!e t%pe of room and

orientation of t!e different room8 i:e bed room; bat!room; :it$!en; !a et$00 A t!e fi&e

apartment8 !a&e 8imi ar room arran#ement0

T!e entire p an area i8 about **)) 8"0m0 T!ere i8 8ome 8pa$e eft around t!e bui din# for par:in#

of $ar80 T!e p an #i&e8 detai 8 of arran#ement of &ariou8 furniture i:e 8ofa et$0

T!e p an a 8o #i&e8 t!e detai 8 of o$ation of 8tair $a8e8 in different b o$:80 e !a&e ( 8tair

$a8e8 for ea$! b o$: and de8i#nin# of 8tair $a8e i8 8!o9n in auto$adp ot no06

In t!e midd e 9e !a&e a 8ma $on8tru$tion 9!i$! $on8i8t8 of four ift8 and t!o8e 9!o 9ant to f %

t!rou#! ift $an u8e t!i8 fa$i it% and 9e :no9 for a bui din# 9it! more t!an # C f oor8 8!ou d

$ompu 8or% !a&e ift and t!e $!ar#e8 for t!e fa$i itie8 i8 $o e$ted b% a t!e member80 At t!at

1un$tion 9e !a&e a $ ub for our en1o%ment and $!ar#e8 are $o e$ted b% a t!e bui din#

o$$upant8 e&er% mont!0

So t!e8e repre8ent t!e p an of our bui din# and detai ed e>p anation of remainin# part8 i:e

e e&ation8 and de8i#nin# i8 $arried in t!e ne>t 8e$tion80


20/40

87 Elevation:

Auto4AD p ot no0( repre8ent8 t!e propo8ed e e&ation of bui din#0 It 8!o98 t!e e e&ation of a # -

bui din# repre8entin# t!e front &ie9 9!i$! #i&e8 t!e o&er&ie9 of a bui din# b o$:0

T!e fi#ure repre8ent8 t!e 8ite pi$ture of our 8tru$ture 9!i$! i8 ta:en at t!e 8ite 0t!e bui din# i8

a$tua % under $on8tru$tion8 and a t!e ana %8i8 and de8i#n 9or: i8 $omp eted before t!e

be#innin# of t!e pro1e$t0

Ea$! f oor $on8i8t8 of !ei#!t 6m 9!i$! i8 ta:en a8 per G=/4 ru e8 for re8identia bui din#80

T!e bui din# i8 not de8i#ned for in$rea8in# t!e number of f oor8 in future08o t!e number of

f oor8 i8 fi>ed for future a 8o for t!i8 bui din# due to una&ai abi it% of t!e permi88ion8 of

re8pe$ti&e aut!oritie80

A 8o 8pe$ia materia 8 i:e f % a8! and 8e f,$ompa$ted $on$rete 9ere a 8o u8ed in order to

redu$e t!e dead oad and in$rea8e ife of t!e 8tru$ture and a 8o impro&e e$onom%0 But t!e8e

materia 8 9ere not $on8idered 9!i e de8i#nin# in 8taad to redu$e t!e $omp e>it% and ne$e88ar%

$orre$tion8 are made for $on8iderin# t!e e$onom% and 8afet% of t!e 8tru$ture a8 it i8 a &er% !u#e

bui din# 9it! 6) apartment80

T!e $on8tru$tion i8 #oin# to $omp ete in t!e mont! of t 8e$tion dea 8 9it! t!e de8i#n part of t!e

bui din# under &ariou8 oad8 for 9!i$! t!e bui din# i8 de8i#ned0


21/40

Fi#ure *06 E e&ation of t!e bui din#

87 7 *enter line &lan

!e abo&e fi#ure repre8ent8 t!e $enter ine dia#ram of our bui din# in 8taad pro0 Ea$! 8upport

repre8ent8 t!e o$ation of different $o umn8 in t!e 8tru$ture0 T!i8 8tru$ture i8 u8ed in

#eneratin# t!e entire 8tru$ture u8in# a too $a ed tran8itiona repeat and in: 8tep80 After u8in#

t!e too t!e 8tru$ture t!at i8 $reated $an be ana % ed in 8taad pro under &ariou8 oadin# $a8e80


22/40

Be o9 fi#ure repre8ent8 t!e 8:e eta 8tru$ture of t!e bui din# 9!i$! i8 u8ed to $arr% out t!e

ana %8i8 of our bui din#0

A t!e oadin#8 are a$ted on t!i8 8:e eta 8tru$ture to $arr% out t!e ana %8i8 of our bui din#0

T!i8 i8 not t!e a$tua 8tru$ture but 1u8t repre8ent8 t!e out ine of t!e bui din# in 8taad pro0 A

me8! i8 automati$a % $reated for t!e ana %8i8 of t!e8e bui din#0

Fi#ure *0C 8tru$ture of t!e bui din#


23/40

*ha&ter ;: 6oad

;7 6oad *onditions and Structural System $es&onse:

T!e $on$ept8 pre8ented in t!i8 8e$tion pro&ide an o&er&ie9 of bui din# oad8 and t!eir effe$t on

t!e 8tru$tura re8pon8e of t%pi$a 9ood,framed !ome80 A8 8!o9n in Tab e; bui din# oad8 $an be

di&ided into t%pe8 ba8ed on t!e orientation of t!e 8tru$tura a$tion or for$e8 t!at t!e% indu$e

&erti$a and !ori onta 'i0e0; atera . oad80

;7 oriBontal (6ateral) 6oads:

Dire$tion of oad8 i8 !ori onta 90r0t to t!e bui din#0Sei8mi$'!ori onta #round motion.

F ood'8tati$ and d%nami$ !%drau i$ for$e8

Soi 'a$ti&e atera pre88ure.

;73Vertical 6oads :

Gra&it% oad8 a$t in t!e 8ame dire$tion a8 #ra&it% 'i0e0; do9n9ard or &erti$a %. and in$ ude dead;

i&e; and 8no9 oad80 T!e% are #enera % 8tati$ in nature and u8ua % $on8idered a uniform %

di8tributed or $on$entrated oad0 T!u8; determinin# a #ra&it% oad on a beam or $o umn i8 a

re ati&e % 8imp e e>er$i8e t!at u8e8 t!e $on$ept of tributar% area8 to a88i#n oad8 to 8tru$tura

e ement8; in$ udin# t!e dead oad 'i0e0; 9ei#!t of t!e $on8tru$tion. and an% app ied oad8'i0e0;

i&e oad.0 For e>amp e; t!e tributar% #ra&it% oad on a f oor 1oi8t 9ou d in$ ude t!e uniform

f oor oad'dead and i&e. app ied to t!e area of f oor 8upported b% t!e indi&idua 1oi8t0 T!e

8tru$tura de8i#ner t!en 8e e$t8 a 8tandard beam or $o umn mode to ana % e bearin# $onne$tion

for$e8 'i0e0; rea$tion8. interna 8tre88e8 'i0e0; bendin# 8tre88e8; 8!ear 8tre88e8; and a>ia 8tre88e8.


24/40


25/40

Latera oad8 from mo&in# f ood 9ater8 and 8tati$ !%drau i$ pre88ure are 8ub8tantia 0 Soi atera

oad8 app % 8pe$ifi$a % to foundation 9a de8i#n; main % a8 an “out,of,p ane” bendin# oad on

t!e 9a 0 Latera oad8 a 8o produ$e an o&erturnin# moment t!at mu8t be off8et b% t!e dead oad

and $onne$tion8 of t!e bui din#0

;7; /esign loads for residential building :

Load8 are a primar% $on8ideration in an% bui din# de8i#n be$au8e t!e% define t!e nature and

ma#nitude of !a ard8 are e>terna for$e8 t!at a bui din# mu8t re8i8t to pro&ide a rea8onab e

performan$e'i0e0; 8afet% and 8er&i$eabi it% .t!rou#!out t!e 8tru$tureK8 u8efu ife0 T!e anti$ipated

oad8 are inf uen$ed b% a bui din#K8 intended u8e 'o$$upan$% and fun$tion.;$onfi#uration'8i e

and 8!ape.and o$ation'$ imate and 8ite $ondition8.0U timate %; t!e t%pe and ma#nitude of de8i#n

oad8 affe$t $riti$a de$i8ion8 8u$! a8 materia $o e$tion; $on8tru$tion detai 8 and ar$!ite$tura

$onfi#uration0

T!e #uide pro&ide8 8upp ementa de8i#n a88i8tan$e to addre88 a8pe$t8 of re8identia $on8tru$tion

9!ere $urrent pra$ti$e i8 eit!er 8i ent or in need of impro&ement0 Re8identia bui din#8 met!od8

for determinin# de8i#n oad8 are $omp ete %et tai ored to t%pi$a re8identia $ondition80 a8 9it!

an% de8i#n fun$tion; t!e de8i#ner mu8t u timate % under8tand and appro&e t!e oad8 for a #i&en

pro1e$t a8 9e a8 t!e o&era de8i#n met!odo o#%; in$ udin# a it8 in!erent 8tren#t!8 and

9ea:ne88


26/40

;7 /ead 6oads:

Dead oad8 $on8i8t of t!e permanent $on8tru$tion materia oad8 $ompre88in# t!e roof; f oor;

9a ; and foundation 8%8tem8; in$ udin# $ addin#8; fini8!e8 and fi>ed e"uipment0 Dead oad i8

t!e tota oad of a of t!e $omponent8 of t!e $omponent8 of t!e bui din# t!at #enera % do not

$!an#e o&er time; 8u$! a8 t!e 8tee $o umn8; $on$rete f oor8; bri$:8; roofin# materia et$0

In 8taad pro a88i#nment of dead oad i8 automati$a % done b% #i&in# t!e propert% of t!e

member0

In oad $a8e 9e !a&e option $a ed 8e f,9ei#!t 9!i$! automati$a % $a $u ate8 9ei#!t8 u8in#

t!e propertie8 of materia i0e0; den8it% and after a88i#nment of dead oad t!e 8:e eta 8tru$ture

oo:8 red in $o or a8 8!o9n in t!e fi#ure0

Fi# *0+ E>amp e for $a $u ation of dead oad


27/40

Dead oad $a $u ation

ei#!tH3o ume > Den8it%

Se f,9ei#!t f oor fini8!H)0*(M(+ *H6:n m (

T!e abo&e e>amp e 8!o98 a 8amp e $a $u ation of dead oad0

Dead oad i8 $a $u ated a8 perIS 9ed e"uipment; 8tora#e; and $on8tru$tion and maintenan$e

a$ti&itie80 A8 re"uired to ade"uate % define t!e oadin# $ondition; oad8 are pre8ented in term8

of uniform area oad8; $on$entrated oad8; and uniform ine oad80 T!e uniform and

$on$entrated i&e oad8 8!ou d not be app ied 8imu taneou8 % n a 8tru$tura e&a uation0

4on$entrated oad8 8!ou d be app ied to a 8ma area or 8urfa$e $on8i8tent 9it! t!e app i$ation

and 8!ou d b e o$ated or dire$ted to #i&e t!e ma>imum oad effe$t po88ib e in end,u8e

$ondition80 For e>amp e0 T!e 8tair oad of 6)) pound8 8!ou d be app ied to t!e $enter of t!e

8tair tread bet9een 8upport80

In 8taad 9e a88i#n i&e oad in term8 of U0D0L 09e !a8 to $reate a oad $a8e for i&e oad and

8e e$t a t!e beam8 to $arr% 8u$! oad0 After t!e a88i#nment of t!e i&e oad t!e 8tru$ture appear8

a8 8!o9n be o90

For our 8tru$ture i&e oad i8 ta:en a8 ; #Cmm for de8i#n0

Li&e oad8 are $a $u ated a8 perIS 9


28/40

Fi#er *0-8tre$ture of f oor oad

;79 5ind loads:

In t!e i8t of oad8 9e $an 8ee 9ind oad i8 pre8ent bot! in &erti$a and !ori onta oad80

T!i8 i8 be$au8e 9ind oad $au8e8 up ift of t!e roof b% $reatin# a ne#ati&e'8u$tion. pre88ure on

t!e top of t!e roof


29/40

Fi# *0 dia#ram of 9ind oad

ind oad produ$e8 non 8tati$ oad8 on a 8tru$ture at !i#! % &ariab e ma#nitude80 t!e &ariation

in pre88ure8 at different o$ation8 on a bui din# i8 $omp e> to t!e point t!at pre88ure8 ma%

be$ome too ana %ti$a % inten8i&e for pre$i8e $on8ideration in de8i#n0 T!erefore; 9ind oad

8pe$ifi$ation8 attempt to amp if% t!e de8i#n prob em b% $on8iderin# ba8i$ 8tati$ pre88ure one8

on a bui din# repre8entati&e of pea: oad8 t!at are i:e % to be e>perien$ed0 T!e pea: pre88ure8

in one one for a #i&en 9ind dire$tion ma% not; =o9e&er; o$$ur 8imu taneou8 % in ot!er one80

For 8ome pre88ure one8; T!e pea: pre88ure depend8 on an arro9 ran#e of 9ind dire$tion0


30/40

*ha&ter : -eam and column

7 -eam design:

Beam8 tran8fer oad from 8 ab8 to $o umn8 0beam8 are de8i#ned for bendin#0In #enera 9e !a&e

t9o t%pe8 of beam 8in# e and doub e0 Simi ar to $o umn8 #eometr% and perimeter8 of t!e beam8

are a88i#ned0 De8i#n beam $ommand i8 a88i#ned and ana %8i8 i8 $arried out; no9 reinfor$ement

detai 8 are ta:en0

A reinfor$ed $on$rete beam 8!ou d be ab e to re8i8t ten8i e; $ompre88i&e and 8!ear 8tre88 indu$ed

in it b% oad8 on t!e beam

T!ere are t9o t%pe8 of reinfore$ed $on$rete beam8

*0. 8in# e reinfor$ed beam8

(0. doub e reinfor$ed $on$rete0

7 7 Singly reinforced beams:

In 8in# % reinfor$ed 8imp % 8upported beam8 8tee bar8 are p a$ed near t!e bottom of t!e

beam9!ere t!e% are more effe$ti&e in re8i8tin# in t!e ten8i e bendin# 8tre880 I $anti e&er beam8

reinfor$in# bar8 p a$ed near t!e top of t!e beam; for t!e 8ame rea8on a8 in t!e $a8e of 8imp %

8upported beam0

7 7 /oubly reinforced concrete beams:

It i8 reinfor$ed under $ompre88ion ten8ion re#ion80 T!e ne$e88it% of 8tee of $ompre88ion re#ion

ari8e8 due to t9o rea8on80 !en dept! of beam i8 re8tri$ted0 T!e 8tren#t! a&ai abi it%

8in# %reinfor$ed beam i8 in ade"uate0 At a 8upport of $ontinuou8 beam 9!ere bendin# moment


31/40

$!an#e8 8i#n 8u$! a8 8ituation ma% a 8o ari8e in de8i#n of a beam $ir$u ar in p an0Fi#ure 8!o98

t!e bottom and top reinfor$ement detai 8 at t!ree different 8e$tion80T!e8e $a $u ation8 are

interpreted manua %.

Fi# *07 dia#ram of t!e reinfor$ement detai 8 of beam


32/40

/eflection:

Fi# *05 dia#ram of t!e def e$tion of a Beam

7 column design:

A $o umn or 8trut i8 a $ompre88ion member; 9!i$! i8 u8ed primar% to 8upport a>ia

$ompre88i&e oad8 and 9it! a !ei#!t of at ea8t t!ree it i8 ea8t atera dimen8ion0

A reinfor$ed $on$rete $o umn i8 8aid to be 8ub1e$ted to a>ia % oaded 9!en ine of t!e

re8u tant t!ru8t of oad8 8upported b% $o umn i8 $oin$ident 9it! t!e ine of 40G )f t!e $o umn I

t!e on#itudina dire$tion0

Dependin# upon t!e ar$!ite$tura re"uirement8 and oad8 to be 8upported;R04 $o umn8 ma% be

$a8t in &ariou8 8!ape8 i0e 8"uare ;re$tan# e; and !e>a#ona ;o$ta#ona ;$ir$u ar04o umn8 of L

8!aped or T 8!aped are a 8o 8ometime8 u8ed in mu ti8toried bui din#80

T!e on#itudina bar8 in $o umn8 !e p to bear t!e oad in t!e $ombination 9it! t!e

$on$rete0T!e on#itudina bar8 are !e d in po8ition b% tran8&er8e reinfor$ement; or atera

binder80


33/40

T!e binder8 pre&ent di8p a$ement of on#itudina bar8 durin# $on$retin# operation and a 8o

$!e$: t!e tenden$% of t!eir bu$: in# to9ard8 under oad80

7 7 =ositioning of columns

Some of t!e #uidin# prin$ip e8 9!i$! !e p t!e po8itionin# of t!e $o umn8 are a8 fo o98 ,

A 4o umn8 8!ou d be preferab % o$ated at or near t!e $orner8 of t!e bui din# and at t!e

inter8e$tion of t!e 9a ; but for t!e $o umn8 on t!e propert% ine a8 t!e fo o9in#

re"uirement8 8ome area be%ond t!e $o umn; t!e $o umn $an be 8!ifted in8ide a on# a

$ro88 9a to pro&ide t!e re"uired area for t!e footin# 9it! in t!e propert% ine0

a ternati&e % a $ombined or a 8trap footin# ma% be pro&ided0B T!e 8pa$in# bet9een t!e $o umn i8 #o&erned b% t!e amination on 8pan8 of 8upported

beam8; a8 t!e 8pannin# of t!e $o umn de$ide8 t!e t!e 8pan of t!e beam0 A8 t!e 8pan of t!e

of t!e beam in$rea8e8; t!e dept! of t!e beam; and !en$e t!e 8e f 9ei#!t of t!e beam and

t!e tota 0

7 7 Effective length of column

T!e effe$ti&e en#t! of t!e $o umn i8 defined a8 t!e en#t! bet9een t!e point8 of $ontraf e>ure of

t!e bu$: ed $o umn0 T!e $ode !a8 #i&en $ertain &a ue8 of t!e effe$ti&e en#t! for norma u8a#e

a88umin# idea i ed and $ondition8 8!o9n in appendi> D of IS , C+-'tab e (C.

A $o umn ma% be $ a88ified ba8ed a8 fo o98 ba8ed on t!e t%pe of oadin#

* A>ia % oaded $o umn

( A $o umn 8ub1e$ted to a>ia oad and unea8i % bendin#

6 A $o umn 8ub1e$ted to a>ia oad and bia>ia bendin#0


34/40

7 73 *olumn design:

A $o umn ma% be defined a8 an e ement u8ed primar% to 8upport a>ia $ompre88i&e oad8 and

9it! a !ei#!t of a ea8t t!ree time8 it8 atera dimen8ion0 T!e 8tren#t! of $o umn depend8 upon

t!e 8tren#t! of materia 8; 8!ape and 8i e of $ro88 8e$tion; en#t! and de#ree of proportiona and

dedi$ationa re8train8 at it8 end80

A $o umn ma% be $ a88if% ba8ed on deferent $riteria 8u$! a8

*0. 8!ape of t!e 8e$tion

(0. 8 enderne88 ratio'AHL D.

60. t%pe of oadin#; and

C0. pattern of atera reinfor$ement0

T!e ratio of effe$ti&e $o umn en#t! to ea8t atera dimen8ion i8 re ea8ed to a8

8 enderne88 ratio0

In our 8tru$ture 9e !a&e 6 t%pe8 of $o umn80

*. 4o umn 9it! beam8 on t9o 8ide8(. 4o umn8 9it! beam8 on t!ree 8ide86. 4o umn8 9it! beam8 on four 8ide8

So 9e re"uire t!ree t%pe8 of $o umn 8e$tion80 So $reate t!ree t%pe8 of $o umn 8e$tion8 and

a88i#n to t!e re8pe$ti&e $o umn8 dependin# on t!e $onne$tion0 But in t!e8e 8tru$ture 9e adopted

8ame $ro88 8e$tion t!rou#!out t!e 8tru$ture 9it! a re$tan#u ar $ro88 8e$tion 0In foundation8 9e

#enera % do not !a&e $ir$u ar $o umn8 if $ir$u ar $o umn i8 #i&en it ma:e8 a $ir$ e b% $reatin#

man% ine8 to in$rea8e a$$ura$%0

T!e $o umn de8i#n i8 done b% 8e e$tin# t!e $o umn and from #eometr% pa#e a88i#n8 t!e


35/40

dimen8ion8 of t!e $o umn80 No9 ana % e t!e $o umn for oad8 to 8ee t!e rea$tion8 and tota oad8

on t!e $o umn b% 8eein# t!e oad8 de8i#n $o umn b% #i&in# appropriate parameter8 i:e

* /inimum reinfor$ement; ma>; bar 8i e8; ma>imum and minimum 8pi$in#0

( Se e$t t!e appropriate de8i#n $ode and input de8i#n $o umn $ommand to a t!e $o umn0

6 No9 run ana %8i8 and 8e e$t an% $o umn to $o e$t t!e reinfor$ement detai 8

T!e fo o9in# fi#ure 8!o98 t!e reinfor$ement detai 8 of a beam in 8taad0

T!e fi#ure repre8ent8 detai 8 re#ardin#

*. Tran8&er8e reinfor$ement(. Lon#itudina reinfor$ement

T!e t%pe of bar8 to be u8ed; amount of 8tee and oadin# on t!e $o umn i8 repre8ented in

t!e be o9 fi#ure0

Fi# *0*) reinfor$ement detai 8 of a $o umn


36/40

Def e$tion

fi# *0** def e$tion of $o umn


37/40

*ha&ter


38/40

Fo o9in# fi#ure8 8!o98 t!e oad di8tribution8 in t9o 8 ab8 0

Fi#er*0*( One 9a% and T9o 9a% 8 ab

S ab8 are de8i#ned for def e$tion0 S ab8 are de8i#ned ba8ed on %ie d t!eororder to de8i#n a


39/40

8 ab 9e !a8 to $reate a p ate b% 8e e$tin# a p ate $ur8or0 No9 8e e$t t!e member8 to form 8 ab

and u8e form 8 ab button0 No9 #i&e t!e t!i$:ne88 of p ate a8 )0*( m0 No9 8imi ar to t!e

abo&e de8i#n8 #i&e t!e parameter8 ba8ed on $ode and a88i#n de8i#n 8 ab $ommand and 8e e$t

t!e p ate8 and a88i#n $ommand8 to it0 After ana %8i8 i8 $arried out #o to ad&an$ed 8 ab de8i#n

pa#e and $o e$t t!e reinfor$ement detai 8 of t!e 8 ab0

S ab8 are a 8o de8i#ned a8 per IS8; 1 '''

T!e fo o9in# fi#ure 8!o98 t!e mono it!i$ $onne$tion bet9een beam; $o umn and 8 ab

Fi#er *0*6 /ono it!i$4one$tion bet9een Beam; 4o umn or S ab


40/40

*2#*6,SI2#S :

*0De8i#nin# u8in# Soft9areK8 i:e Staad redu$e8 ot of time in de8i#n

9or:0

(0Detai 8 of ea$! and e&er% member $an be obtained u8in# 8taad pro0

60A t!e Li8t of fai ed beam8 $an be Obtained and a 8o Better Se$tion i8 #i&en b% t!e

8oft9are0

C0A$$ura$% i8 Impro&ed b% u8in# 8oft9are0

$E+E$E#*ES:

*0T!eor% of Stru$ture8 b% ramamrut!am for iterature re&ie9 on :ani;8 met!od

(0T!eor% of 8tru$ture8 b% B040punmia for iterature on moment di8tribution

met!od0

60Reinfor$ed $on$rete Stru$ture8 b% a0:0 1ain and b0$0punmia for de8i#n of beam8; $o umn8

and 8 ab0

C0Fundamenta 8 of Reinfor$ed $on$rete 8tru$ture b% N0 $0 Sin!a 0

*ode -ooks:

*0IS C+-,())) $ode boo: for de8i#n of beam8; $o umn8 and

8 ab8 (0SP,*- for de8i#n of $o umn80

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Rohit Seminar Report (1)

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