Roldan Baldo

7/31/2019 Roldan Baldo

1/37

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

QR CODE USING GOOGLE ANDROID TECHNOLOGY

IN THE MUSEUM OF THREE CULTURES

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to

the College of Computer Studies

Capitol University

Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines 9000

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

ROLDAN R. BALDO

October 2011


2/37

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Significance of the Study1.5 Scope and Limitation

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

III METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

IV CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Glossary

Bibliography


3/37

Acknowledgements

I express my profound gratitude to the Almighty God for giving me the strength,

health, and wisdom to accomplish this research.

To my mother, who is very supported in my study and this research. Thank you

for the understanding that you showed me and to my brother and sister for contributing

their ideas in line with my research and to their full support.

To my thesis coordinator, Mrs. Cyril Jane C. Ranido and also the dean of College

of Computer Studies. Thank you for the support and helping me with this research and

to her immeasurable understanding during my four years in College of Computer

Studies in Capitol University. Also to her faculty, for supporting us.

To my thesis adviser, Mr. Paul Joseph M. Estrera, thank you for the advice and

suggestions, and helping me generating new ideas about the research.

To Mr. Jay Ginete for helping me oriented the core of Drupal and share some

ideas regarding my research and introducing the QR code and its uses.

To Mr. Ayran Limjap for helping gathering information regarding to my research.


4/37

To Mr. Sterling Ong for approving the website of the Museum of Three cultures to

be a sub-domain of Capitol Universitys website.

To Mr. Macneil Pol for teaching me how to establish a web server and other

networking stuffs.

To my friends and classmates, for being there in times of happiness and

hardships.


5/37

Chapter 1

1.1 Introduction

Barcodes are printed horizontal strips of vertical bars used for identifying

specific items. A scanning device reads the barcode by moving a beam across the

symbol. The first barcode system was developed around the 1940s and 1950s, since

then people have become very accustomed to their use, through common applications

such as in retail and grocery markets (McCarthie, 2004). It is known as 1D barcode.

As bar codes became popular and their convenience universally recognized, the

market began to call for codes capable of storing more information, more character

types, and that could be printed in a smaller space. As a result, various efforts were

made to increase the amount of information stored by bar codes, such as increasing the

number of bar code digits or layout multiple bar codes (Denso Wave Incorporated,

2010).

1D barcode improved to a 2D barcode, which now can store more information.

There are lots of 2D barcodes exists today, but Denso Wave Incorporated shows that

QR code is more reliable. Now 2D codes such as QR code can be applied to a:

a) Grocery item - by adding the supplier information of the product and the

expiry date.


6/37

b) Advertisement

a. By adding it to a poster of a Hollywood movie, and if scanned by QR

code readers it will redirect to a trailer of that movie or the more

information of that movie that the poster does not include.

b. By adding to a billboard, and large enough to be scan by a QR reader

and redirect it to the website of the contained information.

c. By adding it to a magazine, and if scanned by a QR reader it will

prompt the prize of the item or the whole information of that item.

c) Business Cards QR code can be embedded to business cards, and if

scanned by a QR reader, the information of the owner of will be displayed.

d) Receipt QR code can be embedded to a receipt, that will have the the

products purchased.

e) Download Link If a smart phone (e.g. android) user wants to download a

certain application in the internet, the user just scan the QR code and the

phone will be redirected to the download site of the application.

f) And others.

Nowadays, we innovate because of information; we are always craving for it.

Information about the author of the book we read, information of the company we are

going to apply, information about how to cook that certain food. And it is up to us, how

we deal that information.


7/37

Museum in Capitol University is widely known as the Museum of Three

Cultures, many visitors from different schools, organizations and even tourists visits the

museum. Some visitors visit the Museum of Three Cultures just to see the real artifact

or object or additional information on their own part. Information of an artifact are written

beside the artifact or at the bottom of it, some are without labels.

The Capitol University Museum of Three Cultures was established in the summer

of 2007 and formally opened on May 2, 2008 as a special dedication to the founder of

the Capitol System of Schools, Madame Laureana San Pedro Rosales, who started her

educational apostolate in Mindanao in 1951. That apostolate had served wee three

distinct culture groups of Mindanao: the Cagayan de Oro and Bukidnon, and the

Indigenous Peoples of raison detre for the name Museum of Three Cultures where

Northern Mindanaos three cultures are traversed in the life and works of this educator

under whose aegis a concert of unity was reached.

The museum of Three Cultures has its three (3) distinct galleries: the CU Art

Gallery open for the public exhibitors, Kasaysayan Gallery showcases the

Ethnological and old photographs of Cagayan de Misamis, and the Posaka Mranao

Gallery which Houses the extensive Mranao collections of Madame Laureana San

Pedro Rosales.


8/37

Museum of Three Culture visit is a purchase option an individual chooses to

achieve something they want. But unlike the gain perceived from a free visit to a public

library, a museum visit is not utilitarian. There are few practical, directly attributable

outcomes. Museum of Three Culture visiting does not assure one a better job, a raise in

salary, or an easily identifiable solution to a question or problem but it does come with a

price. So why do people pay? What behaviors motivate them to visit? (Orr, 2004).

Although initial database research for academic journals on the specific subject

of visitors involved studies dating as far back as the 1950s, much of the most recent

research (from around 1980 onward) points to a perception that museums themselves

are in transition. They are no longer simply repositories of objects and artifacts stored

for presentation, posterity and edification. They are expected to engage with the public

and compete with the rest of the entertainment industry for tourist dollars and leisure

time while maintaining their learning functions (Orr, 2004).

With the implementation of QR code in Museum of Three Cultures, visitors that

are not guided by a docent will have their own freedom or their interest in an artifact, to

seek the information what they want to know. By the implementation of QR code in The

Museum of Three Cultures, the purpose of this is not to replace any docent's role,

instead add visitors interactivity, because visitors that have their own phone with a QR

code reader, can use their gadget to interact with the artifact's information.


9/37

One of the advantage of implementation of QR code in The Museum of Three

Cultures is, what if docents are not available during that time. No one can introduce the

artifacts information to the visitor. Now QR code will fill these gaps, the visitor will just

scan the QR code beside the artifact, then the information of that certain artifact will be

available to the gadget of the visitor.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

General

How to develop and implement QR codes using Google android technology in

The Museum of Three Cultures.

Specific

How can QR code method improve the availability of more information for The

Museum of Three Cultures artifacts?

What will be the type of application that is suitable and can manage updates

of information in The Museum of Three Cultures

How to develop an In-House QR generator.

How to implement QR code in the museum.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

General

To develop and implement QR code in The Museum of Three Culture.


10/37

Specific

To augment or increase the visitor experience through the use of mobile

media and support experiential learning, bringing scholarship out of just less

information that is posted in bulletin boards and brings it into physical

experience.

To create a web based application that will update the information of the

artifact through the personalized website of The Museum of Three Cultures in

the World Wide Web.

To develop an In-House QR generator for the Museum of Three Cultures.

To implement QR codes in the Museum of Three Cultures.

1.4 Significance of the StudyIt is justifiable to promote QR codes in The Museum of Three Culture, to store

data about the artifact information, add interactivity with the visitor using their own

gadgets (QR code scanner).

To CU Museum:

Photographs of the pieces are easily uploaded online and

organize.


11/37

To Visitors:

Augment visitors learning experience.

Visitors have their option to view the items they are

interested in.

To Other Researchers:

To other researchers that are studying QR development and

implementation in museums, can continue this study and can be

able to widen the research.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

This study is not about replacing docents in The Museum of Three Culture. This

study focuses only to QR code which will be develop and implemented in The Museum

of Three Cultures. There are lots of 1D (Linear) or 2D barcodes, but QR code is more

reliable than others and discusses the usage of QR codes and not the algorithm of QR

code. This will not include the advantages/disadvantages of barcodes alone; instead

talk about the impact of adding QR codes to The Museum of Three Cultures. QR code

scanner limits to android smart phone or tablet. After scanning a certain QR code

beside an artifact in The Museum of Three Cultures, it will be redirected to a webpage,

which contains the additional information about that artifact.


12/37

The security of the website is not covered in this study, though Apache handles it

in the first place. The design of the website is not included in the study. QR generator is

In-House generated, meaning, the Museum of Three Cultures generate its own QR

code, by not relying on Googles QR code or other web sites QR code generator.


13/37

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Usually when we go shopping or order some items, or buying groceries, or even

ordering some foods in a cafeteria, we often see in the product or in the receipt, small

lines that is in different widths, and that is called a barcode which is also known as 1D

(1 dimensional) barcode. Barcodes are printed horizontal strips of vertical bars used for

identifying specific items. A scanning device reads the barcode by moving a beam

across the symbol. The first barcode system was developed around the 1940s and

1950s, since then people have become very accustomed to their use, through common

applications such as in retail and grocery markets (McCarthie, 2004). Some 1D

barcode only contain digits and some contain alphanumeric characters. These are used

usually in businesses as product codes or item number or unique identification of an

object/item. The value of the barcode is then stored to a data storage (called as

database) with most of its product information price, expiry date, name, description,

supplier name, image of the product, product code, category, etc and that kind of

information will vary from business to business on how they categorize it, and all of that

is in the data storage.

Ordinary barcodes store only a small amount of static information, typically

around 20 characters. Once the barcode is printed, the static information it contains

cannot be changed, updated. Such limited data capacity means that barcode can

generally only identify what type of product a good is, for example a can of coke, not


14/37

each individual item. This issue has been partially alleviated by linking barcodes to

databases that contain more detailed and dynamic information (McCarthie, 2004).

Improvements to barcode symbologies have lead to the development of two-

Dimensional barcode known as 2D barcodes, which are capable of storing millions of

bytes of information. 2D barcodes do not depend on links to larger databases, acting as

a kind of mini-database themselves, which can include encrypted information

(McCarthie, 2004).

The key motivations for organizations to utilize barcoding are generally the same

across organizations; to improve data management, accessibility and reduced cost.

There is a plethora of literature, mainly in whitepapers, with case studies on

organizations saving significant amounts of money and improving efficiency through the

utilization of barcode technology. Automation of processes can dramatically increase

speed and efficiency without risking accuracy (McCarthie, 2004).

Within gallery walls, many museums are experimenting with using the visitor's

own cell phone. Cell phone tour offers the ability to easily and cheaply change content.

Using the visitor's own device eliminates many of the concerns with maintenance and

familiarity of handhelds (Science Museum of Virginia, Gyroscope Inc., 2006).

Museums, too, are making use of technology to tailor their offerings to their

visitors' specific needs and interests. Many museums developed websites, which can


15/37

be modified to offer users only content they are interested in receiving (Science

Museum of Virginia, Gyroscope Inc., 2006).

2D barcodes can simply add interaction, reduced cost and eliminates familiarity

of handhelds. Many museum outside the country apply 2D barcodes, just to satisfy their

visitors and let their visitors interact during their tour. And this study will be implementing

2D barcodes in The Museum of Three Cultures at Capitol University, Cagayan de Oro

City, Philippines. To see the effect of 2D barcodes in the Filipino culture of The Museum

of Three Cultures. Some 2D barcodes will redirect visitors to a website that contains

most of the information of that artifact. This will also be implemented in The Museum of

Three Cultures. To access the information of the artifact in The Museum of Three

Cultures. Also providing visitors an on-line learning of that artifact and can express their

ideas in the comment area of the website about a certain artifact in The Museum of

Three Cultures.

Structure of a QR Code


16/37

The amount of data that can be stored in the QR Code depends on the character

set, version and error correction level. The maximum values for version 40 with error

correction capacity level L.

Numeric only Max. 7,089 characters

Alphanumeric Max. 4,296 characters

Binary (8 bits) Max. 2,953 bytes

Kanji/Kana Max. 1,817 characters


17/37

Figure A illustrates the placement of the message characters within a QR code.

Starting from the lower-right corner, the first four bits define the encoding used (in this

case, 8 bits per character).

Figure A

Mobile barcode usage in museums is just now starting to take shape. Ive put

together a sampling of some uses ranging from audio tours to augmented reality. There

have been some miscues along the way, like laminating the QR code or putting it

behind glass so that when the light hits it at the right angle, its impossible to scan

correctly. Oops! But there have also been many successful implementations. QR codes

are a great way to enhance the visitors experience. They can bring life to exhibits, allow

communication between visitors and educate at all levels.


18/37

Indianapolis has used QR codes to do the simple task of redirecting the

smartphone user to a Wiki page with more information about what the exhibit is trying to

teach the kids. Richmond is taking their education of the children to a whole new level.

Focusing on their four main exhibits, they have added QR codes for the parents to scan.

Once scanned, they are redirected to a video that they staff has produced that explains

the lesson they want the children to learn. These ideas can be carried out at the

museum or extended to the home.

(mobilists)

The internet of things is a compelling idea, with its promise of a seamless link

between objects in the physical world and associated media in the online world. The

implications could be profound: an object will cease to be an isolated entity, but will

become the focal point in a web of connected information. Take your dining table as an

example. If the table carried a small identifying tag that linked to a central online

database of things, reading the tag would open up the contents of this database

revealing, perhaps, the tables history; the manufacturers specifications and the

materials used to construct it; its previous owners; the video of a family cat stealing food

from a plate left on its top; the written memory of someone who as a child fell into its

corner and broke a tooth and so on.

All that is required to link this digital media photographs, text, videos or sounds

to a real object is an identifier that can be read by an internet-connected device. One

such system, developed in Japan as long ago as 1994, is the QR code. QR stands for

Quick Response and the code itself is a square grid of black and white blocks, roughly


19/37

equivalent to the barcode found on product packaging. But unlike a barcode, which links

a product to a retailers stock database, a QR code links with a web page or some other

online content. These codes are then read by the camera and QR reader software on a

mobile phone of similar internet-connected device, allowing the device to open the link.

(Billings)

Visitors of the museum can scan a QR Code at the entrance and find out more

information about the museum. As they approach each art exhibit, I think there would be

QR Codes on the art exhibits too and when scanned with a web-enabled mobile phone

with a QR Code scanner and reader, videos, images and details about the artist and

artwork. All of that information can be found on the mobile phone right there and then.

(Beqriuos)

Most young people tend to find art and museums boring places that they have to

go to on school trips or get dragged along to by the elders but a campaign in Poland is

bringing art to a whole new generation thanks to smartphones and QR codes. People

visiting the exhibition can use their phone to scan the paintings and when they do so it

uses augmented reality to act out scenes from the paintings and bring the whole

museum to life. It can often be hard to relate to art work that is hundreds of years old

but the stories told through video brought a whole new understanding of the beautiful art

work and made people appreciate it more. The campaign itself was a huge success with

the tour booked months in advance and picking up mainstream attention on television,

media, blogs and online in general. We have seen so many silly uses of QR codes but

this is a real practical well thought out campaign that brings museums to the next

generation and turns something that many youngsters found boring in to a world of


20/37

technology that they understand. You can be sure that this campaign in Poland will be

getting copied all over the world.

(Zesty 2011)

QR codes have a lot of potential potential that hitherto has not been realised.

The underwhelming uptake of the codes outside of Japan has a lot to do with the poor

quality marketing campaigns so far run with them. If I am going to have to install or

worse still, find on my phone, a QR code reading application then the reason I am go-

ing to all this trouble has to be really really worthwhile.

On the other hand, quite a few local artists are experimenting with them in in-

teresting ways. If you are a Melbourne reader then maybe you spotted a guerilla art

installation at Federation Square by Radical Cross Stitch!

Now QR codes are probably best seen just as mobile-readable URLs. If these

URLs are just going to send me to a website that isnt tailored for my context and de-

vice then they are going to be just a gimmick. But if, on the otherhand, they can deliv-

er timely, mobile-formatted content to me that addressed my specific need at the

time then they might just work. I know theres no way I am going to bother typing an

URL into my phone whilst I stand in front of an advertisement. Even on the iPhone,

typing of URLs is more painful than it should be (in fact Id wager that most iPhone

users follow links from other applications Twitter, email etc or use their bookmarks

anything to avoid typing URLs). On a standard numeric keypad mobile, forget typing

URLs. (Chan 2009)
http://radicalcrossstitch.com/2009/01/12/qracks-in-the-land/http://radicalcrossstitch.com/2009/01/12/qracks-in-the-land/


21/37

While QR codes are popular in marketing and advertising, some of the most

effective uses of QR codes are in museums. Museums use QR codes to offer a multi-

media experience for their visitors. An exhibit can only display so much information,

but a QR code can hold even more video, data, pictures, audio or combination of pre-

sentation media.

The space necessary for the QR code is not very large, and is much, much

smaller than the space that even a small size exhibit requires. And because the muse-

um does not need to invest in, maintain or upgrade any of the equipment like video

screens or speakers for the visitors using the QR codes to be able to enjoy the addition-

al presentational information, the cost effectiveness of implementing QR Codes for mu-

seum goers is extremely favorable, particularly as many brick-and-mortar museums are

organized as not-for-profit organizations.

And since updating digital media is so much easier, swifter and less expensive

than re-doing an exhibit, the multimedia content where the museum QR codes are tar-

geted can be more frequently updated. This is especially useful for exhibits about cur-

rent events. As the events unfold and the situation changes, the digital exhibit can be

updated to reflect that.

QR codes can also be used in museums to easily rotate exhibits, too. It is a lot

simpler to paste up a new QR code than it is to break down an old exhibit and build a

brand new one. Planned correctly, museum staff can spend less time, energy and mon-

ey having to update the physical space of the museum but still enhance the visitor expe-

rience with the clever use of QR codes.


22/37

Many art galleries and museums are already using QR codes. The QR codes are

posted next to the works of art, and usually allow the patrons who scan the QR codes to

view biographical information about the artist and sometimes a slide show of their other

art work. These types of QR tags are currently being used by the Fort Wayne Museum

of Art, The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, are using QR codes in this way.

(Adam 2012)

There have been some really good uses in museums and I think we are starting

to see a tide change in New York City. For starters, the city is using them on all the

building permits, so you can learn more as you pass construction sites. There are plans

in the works for QR codes on all the restaurant inspections plaques. If theres one thing

that would motivate people to jump the technical hurdles of installing a QR reader, this

would be itthe notion that we could see the actual violations that led to a restaurants

letter grade makes QR truly useful for those of us who obsess about where we eat.

When looking at a possible implementation at the Brooklyn Museum, there are consid-

erations to think aboutweve got a community-minded mission that takes accessibili-

ty very seriously and we are aware that a very large portion of our visitors dont have the

smartphones required to use the codes. That said, we want to start looking at what this

equation means for us and, as a result, weve just installed QR codes in the Museum as

an experiment to see how visitors respond. We are evaluating several different types

of uses. (Bernstein 2011)
http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.lacma.org/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/category/qr-codes/http://artyoucangetinto.blogspot.com/2009/04/qr-codes-visitors-resource-guide.htmlhttp://moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2011/talktome/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.fwmoa.org/http://www.lacma.org/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/dmsblog/index.php/category/qr-codes/http://artyoucangetinto.blogspot.com/2009/04/qr-codes-visitors-resource-guide.htmlhttp://moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2011/talktome/


23/37

Chapter 3

Methodology & Design

3.1 Research Design

Before gathering information and analyzing requirements, this research will be

using the Waterfall Methodology of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to

accomplish the study. Waterfall model is sequential progression from phase to another,

after the first phase is completed, it is considered as a stepping stone to the next phase.

The phases in the waterfall - software development model are requirement analysis and

project planning, system design and specification, coding and verification, system

integration and testing and not to forget deployment and maintenance phase.

Requirement analysis and project planning,

in this first stage ofwaterfall model diagram, there is a meeting with the customer,

to understand the requirements. The first stage, this is said to be the most crucial stage,

as any miscommunication and misinterpretation at this stage may give rise to the

software, that is being developed. When the requirements have been noted, it is

important to make sure the requirements are detailed and accurate and there is no

place for any ambiguity. Understanding the requirements and expectations of the

customer properly will ensure that the end product meets the specification.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-diagram.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-diagram.html


24/37

System design and specification,

This is the stage, when the software requirements along with the hardware

requirements for every unit are identified. Then the designs are made accordingly. The

interrelations between the various units of the software are identified and the

connections are made, using algorithms and diagrams. To sum it up, this is the phase,

where the fundamental work for actual programming and implementation is done.

System implementation,

this phase is also known as coding and verification phase. Based on the

algorithms written in the previous phase, software program is written. For every module,

software code is written and tested, to check if the correct output is received. System

integration and testing, in this phase all the modules are integrated, after which the

software is tested for correct output. All the bugs that are made due to integration are

removed. Then software testing is carried out again. They are normally a series of tests,

which are run to check the performance of the software, and also to find if any new bugs

were introduced into the system, after the previous bugs were fixed. If any more errors

do exist, the bugs are fixed only to be retested. The waterfall model in testing is

followed, to make the software bug free, as far as possible. System deployment and

maintenance, this makes for the final phase of the waterfall model, where the software

is deployed at the clients side, after it has undergone thorough testing. After the

deployment of the software, routine maintenance work is carried out.


25/37

3.1.1 Description of the current system

There are many visitors in the Museum of Three Cultures, tourists, students from

other schools, employees, researchers, artists, etc. So every time they want to seek

information about an artifact aside from what is written in summary of its history or its

background, they might need a docent to further explain the details. Visitors alone

cannot extract the more information about an artifact by themselves. Some artifact has

only names in it, no history, no background, no summary.

3.2 Software Development Model (Waterfall Model)

Waterfall model is one of the most well-known models in software

development life cycle. This model is also known as the traditional or classic model

used in software development. It is not only simple to understand, but it is also easy to

use. The highlight of waterfall model is that, there are defined phases in waterfall model

life cycle and the preceding phase must be completed before the next phase starts.

Although there are a number of different models that are now used, in the software

development, waterfall model still remains one of the top most used model. The

waterfall model represents a sequential and linear process of software development. It

flows through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing

and maintenance.

3.2.1 Requirements

> The client wants to add interactivity among visitors and the artifact.

> The client wants to expand the information available to any artifact.


26/37

3.2.2 System Design

> Any smart phones that have a QR reader or QR reader can be able to install.

(This is just for the requirement of the visitor, just to be able to access the

information of the artifact)

> Web Server (Capitol University Web Server)

> Wireless Access Point (that can handle the museum range would be enough)

> 1 Desktop computer that has a minimum requirement of Pentium 2 processor,

256mb of RAM 40gig of HDD, above minimum would be much better. This

is for the curator to add/update some information in the museums

website.

3.2.3 Implementation

Coding phase, using the Java Language to develop Android phone application.

Drupal & XAMPP (Windows/Linux, Apache 2.2.17, MySQL, PHP 5.3.4) to develop the

Museums website.

Developing an In-House QR code generator, instead of googles QR code

generator. (zxing 2011)


27/37

How QR Code is generated by the Museum of Three Cultures

Masking Process

Masking Process

By having special patterns to process masking, QR code is enabled to have

black and white cells well arranged in a balanced order. To accurately binalize the data

that had been read, it is necessary to arrange the white and black cells in a well-

balanced manner. To enable this, EX-OR calculation will be implemented between the

data area cell and the mask pattern (template) cell when encoding the stored data and

arranging it into the data area. Then, the number of unique patterns existing and the

balance between the white cells and the black cells will be assessed against the data

area where the calculation had been implemented. There are 8 mask patterns.

Assessment will be made for each mask pattern, and the mask pattern with the highest

assessment result together with the EX-OR calculation result will be stored into the data

area.


28/37

QR Code structure

a) Finder Pattern A pattern for detecting the position of the QR code. By arranging

this pattern at the three corners of a symbol, the position, the size, and the angle

of the symbol can be detected. This finder pattern consists of a structure which

can be detected in all directions (360 degrees)

b) Alignment Pattern A pattern for correcting the distortion of the QR code. It is

highly effective for correcting non-linear distortions. The central coordinate of the

alignment pattern will be identified to correct the distortion of the symbol. For this

purpose, a black isolated cell is placed in the alignment pattern to make it easier

to detect the central coordinate of the alignment pattern.

c) Timing Pattern A pattern for identifying the central coordinate of each cell in the

QR code with black & white patterns arranged alternately. It is used for correcting

the central coordinate of the data cell when the symbol is distorted or when there


29/37

is an error for the cell pitch. It is arranged in both vertical and horizontal

directions.

d) Quiet Zone A margin space necessary for reading the QR code. This quiet

zone makes it easier to have the symbol detected from among the image read by

the CCD sensor. Four or more cells are necessary for the quiet zone.

e) Data Area The QR Code data will be stored (encoded) into the data area. The

data will be encoded into the binary numbers of 0 and 1 based on the encoding

rule. The binary numbers of 0 and 1 will be converted into black & white cells and

then will be arranged.

QR Code Specifications

a) Symbol Size QR Code can have its size freely selected according to the data

volume to be stored and the reading method. The symbol size is incremented by

four cells in both vertical and horizontal direction 21x21 cells, 25x25 cells,

29x29 cells. . . . . , and there are 40 size types with the maximum size set to

185x185 cells.

b) Information Type & Volume QR code can handle various types of data such as

numerical characters, alphabets, signs, kanji characters, hiragana, katakana,

control signs, and images.

c) Data Conversion Efficiency QR Code has four types of conversion mode -

numerical characters, alphanumerical/signs, binary, and kanji characters for

encoding the data. Each mode has had considerations to improve its conversion

efficiency.


30/37

3.2.4 Testing

Before releasing this to the public, these must be tested in alpha and beta testing

until desired output is achieved.

3.2.5 Deployment & Maintenance

This will be deployed as a sub-domain of Capitol Universitys website. To

minimize the cost and maintenance.

3.3 Context Diagram


31/37

Chapter 4

Conclusion & Recommendation

4.1 Conclusion

Mobile technologies are the future of museum exhibits, and those that are

engaged already become more engaged. They share their newly found knowledge with

their fellow museum goers. They in essence become docents themselves. On top of

that, you dont have to replace their phone if they drop it, since it is theirs, not yours. We

have to use the mobile space to engage the visitors and extend the presence beyond

the horizon. And as the crowd becomes more increasingly mobile, museums are

prepared to serve them.

Another advantage of QR code museum is that, the Museum of Three Cultures

does not need to train many docents, because QR Codes in museum can serve

information to visitors by not relying to docents, but its implementation does not mean it

will replace the docents in The Museum of Three Cultures.

QR Code in The Museum of Three Cultures can also add interactivity to visitors,

where visitors can use their mobile phone to scan the QR Code, then redirected to the

virtual world known as the internet, together with the information of what is related to the

artifact.


32/37

4.2 Recommendation

Technology is a Means, not an end: Whatever technology-based projects a

museum chooses to implement must truly add value to the visitor experience allowing

visitors to interact with the museum or with one another in ways that would not

otherwise be possible. And this value must be overtly apparent to visitors. Greg Brown

suggests, Don't use technology for technology sake. You need to really add value with

technology. We can't just add technology for the gee-whiz-ness. We need to make the

benefit really obvious and clear so people get it. Information technology entrepreneur

Duffy Mazan adds that a big challenge is not getting too far outside of the core mission

of the museum. The resources devoted to technology should be measured against how

much the technology adds to the core educational mission.

Choose wisely: With a multitude of potential technology implementations

available, it will be impossible for anyone museum to stay on the leading edge of all of

them. Rather, most of the museums highlighted in this report have chosen a specific

area or a small number of areas of technology in which to experiment. Museums must

choose the specific technology or technologies that best support their program and

visitor experience goals, rather than trying to be all things to people.

Know your audience: Understanding your audience the ways in which they use

technology in their daily lives and the specific technologies that they use is essential

to creating an experience that appeals to them and resonates with them. Research into

the museum's target audience will be essential to creating a successful technology

program and, once the program is implemented, a continued focus on the staying

aware of the audience's interest, needs, and goals is essential.


33/37

Educate your users: Several technology projects have struggle to succeed simply

because visitors do not clearly understand how to interact with the technology or what it

can do for them. For example, several bookmarking projects where visitors identify

objects or topics they are interested in learning more about later have resulted in low

uptake of this feature in large part because visitors simply aren't educated about what

the feature does. Alisa Barry, head of Interactive Media at the Natural History Museum

in London, offers, Museums need not only to offer these opportunities, but also to

educate their visitors that these information technologies exist within the museum

environment and can enrich the user experience.

Design for experience, not for hardware: Technology is advancing at lightning

speed; technologies that are cutting-edge today may be out-of-date tomorrow. As just

one example, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories has recently developed a technology that

can hold a significant amount of data in a tag the size of a shirt button.


34/37

Glossary

1D Barcode A machine-readable code in the form of a pattern of parallel lines of

varying widths, printed on and identifying a commodity for stock

control

2D Barcode Is a graphical image that stores information both horizontally as

one-dimensional barcodes do and vertically

Curator A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

Docent (Museum) Is a title used in United States for educators trained to further the

publics understanding of the cultural and historical collections of

the institution, including local and national museums, zoos,

historical landmarks and parks.

Museum A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural

interest are stored and exhibited

QR Code (Quick Response Code) is a 2 dimensional symbol. It was invented

in 1994 by Denso, one of major Toyota group companies, and

approved as an ISO international standard (ISO/IEC18004) in June

2000.

Smart Phones Is a high-end mobile phone that combines the functions of a

personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone

Kanji Are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the modern

Japanese writing system along with Hiragana, Katakana, Indo

Arabic Numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet


35/37

Hiragana Is a Japanese syllabary, one basic component of the Japanese

writing system, along with Katakana, Kanji and the Latin alphabet.

Katakana Is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing

system along with Hiragana, Kanji, and in some cases the Latin

alphabet.

Alphanumeric Consisting of or using both letters and numerals


36/37

Bibliography

Adam.About QR Code Generator. 2012. http://onlineqrcodegenerator.com/223/qr-codes-in-

museums/.

Beqriuos. Green Museum in PA uses QR Code. 2010. http://beqrious.com/green-museum-in-pa-

uses-qr-code/.

Bernstein, Shelley. Brooklyn Museum. 2011.

http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/community/blogosphere/2011/10/20/qr-code-conundrum/.

Billings, Scott. QR Codes & Museums. 2010. http://www.museumnext.org/2010/blog/qr-codes-

and-museums.

Chan, Seb. QR Codes in the Museum. 2009. http://www.freshandnew.org/2009/03/qr-codes-in-the-museum-problems-and-opportunities-with-extended-object-labels/.

Incorporated, Denso Wave.About 2D Code. 2010. http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/about qr-

e.html (accessed July 17, 2011).

J., Soon T. "Three QR Code." 20.

McCarthie, L. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Barcodes and Radio Frequency

Identification in Supply Chain Management. University of Wollongong, 2004.

mobilists, the. QR Codes in Museum. 2011. http://www.themobilists.com/2011/08/30/qr-codes-in-museums/.

Science Museum of Virginia, Gyroscope Inc.Museums in Transition: Emerging Technologies as

Tools for Free-Choice Learning. 2006.

T., Orr.A Review of Literature: The Information-Seeking Behaviour of Museum Visitors. 2004.

www.buzzle.com. waterfall-model. October 19, 2011. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-

model-phases.html.

Zesty.Museum offers guide tour using QR codes. 2011.

http://www.simplyzesty.com/mobile/brilliant-smartphone-campaign-brings-boring-museum-to-

life/.

zxing.Multi-Format 1D/2D Barcode Image Processing Library With Clients For Android, Java.

March 20, 2011. http://code.google.com/p/zxing.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-phases.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-phases.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-phases.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-phases.html


37/37

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	charly-birondo
View:	226 times
Download:	0 times

Roldan Baldo

Documents