Internship Presentation

Muhammad SulemanRoll # 56

B.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture

Internship was conducted at mango research institute multan.

The institute was anounced to be established in 2011 by the

Govt. of Punjab. It was completed in 2012-13 at old shujabad

road agricultural farm Multan. Total area of MRI is 32.5 acres.

From which 2.5 acres have laboratories. 8 acres for residential

colony. 20 acres for research purpose and 2 acres are available

for raising of nursery.

Internship Place

Aim of Institute:To conduct research on mango comprising of Horticulture, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Post Harvest & Plant Nutrition discipline.

Objectives:• The successful implementation of this project will

surely increase per acre yield of the mango growers by adopting improved and updated research based technology.

• This institute will increase the level of awareness and acceptance of standardized technology by making the capacity building of mango growers.

• By the improvement in production technology and its post-harvest curing, the interest of the growers will be increased to produce high quality mango fruits acceptable by meeting the protocols of the national and international market.

• Previously an ADP-creation of physical infrastructure on mango under corporate mode at Multan was approved for the period July 2007 to June 2011. Under the scope of this project, it was decided by the Govt. that first, only the funds for the purchase of necessary machinery and equipment and for the construction of the office cum laboratory buildings be provided then after the completion of physical infrastructure, the operation funds would be provided for the functioning of the institute.

Sections

Horticulture SectionPathology SectionPost-Harvest SectionEntomology Section

Plant Nutrition Section:• To workout nutrient response & formulate economic

fertilizer recommendations, by adopting integrated plant nutrition system OPNS.

• To find appropriate time & method of fertilizer application.

• To correlate mango responses with soil test value of different nutrients.

• To develop technology for amelioration of salinity/sodicity menace by the use of amendments.

• To determine the effect of plant growth regulators on mango growth and yield.

HISTORY OF MANGO The mango tree, Mangifera Indica L. are native to Southeastern Asia, where they have been grown for more than 4,000 years. Mango is an excellent source of vitamin A, B and C and contains water, proteins, Sugar, fats, fibers and iron etc. Mango cultivation has now spread to many parts of the tropical and sub-tropical world, where they grow best.

Mangoes were carried to Africa during the 16th century and later found their way aboard Portuguese ships to Brazil in the 1700s. Later, in 1742, mangoes were found growing in the West Indies. In 1860, mangoes were successfully introduced to Florida along the east coast, where only a few varieties were grown. In 1889, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced a grafted variety from India called the "Mulgoa," also known as "Mulgoba" in the United States.

INTRODUCTION Pakistan is an agricultural country and production of fruits is the part and parcel of this sector. Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) is The king of fruits and one of the most important fruit crop in the world as well as in Pakistan. There are more than 1300 varieties of the mango, which are cultivated in the Indo-Pak Sub-continent. There are around 400 known varieties of Mangoes in Pakistan.

It comes in market early in the May and remains in market till August/September. Pakistan is ranked 4th after big producers i.e., India, China, Thailand and Mexico. It’s a tropical, climacteric fruit liked by all due to its taste, flavour and excellent nutritional properties. It is a delicious fruit being grown in more than 100 countries of the world.

TOP MANGO PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF ASIA

40%

11%

5%

5%5%3%1%

30% India ChinaThailandPakistanIndonesiaPhilippinesViet NamRest of the world

(Anonymous, 2008)

MANGO PRODUCTION OF PAKISTAN

Area Harvested (Ha) Production (tonnes) Yield (Hg/Ha)

2008 166223 1753686 105502.01

2009 170166 1727932 101543.9

2010 173731 1845528 106229.06

2011 172008 1888449 109788.44

2012 174000 1950000 112068.97

250,000

750,000

1,250,000

1,750,000

2,250,000

FAMOUS VARIETIES IN PAKISTANSindh Punjab Balochistan KPKSindhri

Gulabkhas SwarnariceBaganpalliCollectorNeelum

ChaunsaMalda Langra

Aman Duseri

Anwar Ratol Samer bahisht

Fajri Kalan

SindhriBanganpalli

Langra Samer Bahisht

MANGO EXPORT OF PAKISTAN

2008 2009 2010 2011

69,324.0073,575.00

85,923.00

105,130.00

25,241.00 28,305.00 30,539.00

44,731.00

Export Quantity (tonnes) Export Value (1000 US)

NUTRITION OF MANGO Chemical fertilizers have been the key elements in enhancing the fruit production in Pakistan. Fertilizer is the macro-micro nutrients carrier which when applied judiciously to soil or foliage meets the nutrient need of the crop. From the point of view of environmental protection the word judicious is very relevant in the nutrient management. For efficient fertilizer management, split application, appropriate timing, proper placement etc need to be adopted.

ROLE & DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF COPPER

Role of Copper• It is important for reproductive growth. • Copper aids in root metabolism and helps in the

utilization of proteins. • It is a constituent part of several enzyme system.• Copper have a role in the synthesis and/or

stability of chlorophyll and other plant pigments.

• Copper also used as a fungicide.

Deficiency Symptoms of Copper• Deficiency symptoms are not common,

probably due to the use of copper based fungicidal sprays but may be expressed as poor production, shoots do not mature and bark appears rough.

• Narrow, twisted leaves and pale white shoot tips are apparent due to Copper deficiency.

• In areas of persistent copper fungicide use, toxicity has been reported and results in decreased levels of other essential elements (P, Fe and Zn) in plant tissue.

• Copper deficiency caused die back of the terminal growth and leaves appear mottled.

• Copper deficiency in mango orchards causes long, tender and “S”- shaped branches and leaves with downward curls, both on the lamina and the central vein.

Sources of Copper• Copper Sulphate CuSO4.5H2O (24 percent Cu)• CuSO4.H2O (35 percent Cu)• Copper Chelate Na2Cu-EDTA (13 percent Cu)• Copper Oxychloride (for foliar sprays)

Doses of Copper

Precaution• Avoid excessive use of phosphorous as it

adversely affects utilization of zinc, iron and copper.

• Excess of copper induces molybdenum deficiency in crops. Thus application of copper should be within recommended doses.

Age of Plant (in years) Copper Sulphate (g)

1 25

10 250

Experiment:To study the effect of foliar and soil application of Copper and Boron to minimize fruit drop and enhance yield

Treatments N (g/plant) P (g/plant) K (g/plant) Copper Sulphate

Boric Acid

T1 1500 1000 1000 - -

T2 1500 1000 1000 0.5%Foliar

aplication

0.2%Foliar

aplication

T3 1500 1000 1000 0.5%Foliar

aplication

-

T4 1500 1000 1000 - 0.2%Foliar

aplication

T5 1500 1000 1000 - 75 g/plant

T6 1500 1000 1000 200 g/plant 75 g/plant

T7 1500 1000 1000 250 g/plant 100 g/plant

Soil Status before ExperimentSoil Properties Values

Soil Texture Loam

EC 2.02 (dS/m)

pH 8.42

Organic matter 0.63%

Av. Phosphorous 6.5 (ppm)

Av. Potassium 140 (ppm)

Boron 0.8 (ppm)

Copper 0.37 (ppm)

No. of panicle per square meter

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T70

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Treatments

No.

of p

anic

les

Panicle Length

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T70

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Treatments

Pani

cle

leng

th (c

m)

Number of Fruits

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T70

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Treatments

No.

of f

ruits

ConclusionNumber of panicles per square meter, panicle length and number of fruits were maximum at treatment (T6) where Copper Sulphate was 200 g/plant & Boric Acid was 75 g/plant.

THANX