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© GSMA 2013 Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming & Interoperability Authentication, Mobility Management & Session Control
© GSMA 2013
Role of Diameter in LTE Roaming & Interoperability
Authentication, Mobility Management & Session Control
© GSMA 2013
LTE Roaming is Coming….
© GSMA 2013
Reference Example
Operator A (Home Network) Operator B (Visited Network)
4G Coverage Area 4G Coverage Area
© GSMA 2013
Roaming Architecture 1
AF is in the IMS Network (PDN)
SIP (Mw) communication occurs through a GRE tunnel over the S8 interface (not shown in the
diagram for simplicity)
Mobility
Service Subscriber
Data
Policy Control Service
Local
Anchor
Point External
Network
Gateway
Bo
rde
r
Ga
tew
ay
Dia
me
ter
Ed
ge
Devic
e
© GSMA 2013
Roaming Architecture 2
AF is in the respective IMS Network (PDN)
SIP (Mw) communication occurs through a GRE tunnel over the S8 interface (not shown in the
diagram for simplicity)
© GSMA 2013
Prevalence of ‘Diameter’ in EPS… What We Have Seen
So Far
S6a S6d S13
Gx Rx S9
Authentication & Mobility Management
Session Management
S1-U S8
Interfaces using Diameter
Interfaces using GTP
S1-MME
SGi
Interface to the External World
S13’
© GSMA 2013
Routing & Edge Functions in a Network (PLMN/IPX)
© GSMA 2013
Core v/s Edge Functions
Core Edge
Ch
arg
ing
Sys
tem
© GSMA 2013
Roaming Deployment Modes
Mobile Operator 2
IPX-DRA
IPX Provider
Mobile Operator 1 Mobile Operator 3
Mobile Operator 4
• In this example • Mobile Operator 1 and 2 have a direct roaming agreement • Mobile Operator 3 and 4 have a direct roaming agreement • All other signaling for roaming is enabled by the IPX Provider
• Connectivity
• Interoperability
• Routing & Load Balancing
© GSMA 2013
Reference Example Revisited: Introducing Legacy
Interworking
Operator A (Home Network) Operator B (Visited Network)
3G Coverage Area 4G Coverage Area
Operator A (Home Network) Operator B (Visited Network)
4G Coverage Area 3G Coverage Area
© GSMA 2013
3G Subscriber Moving into 4G Coverage Area
PCEF PCEF
S6a, S13 S6d, S13’ Gy
SGSN SGSN … … MME MME …
HPLMN (3G)
VPLMN (4G)
Gf
EIR EIR …
Ge
Prepaid
SCP
Prepaid
SCP …
Gr
HLR HLR …
TCAP (SS7)
Diameter
IWF
© GSMA 2013
4G Subscriber Moving into 3G Coverage Area
Gr ,Gf, Ge
SGSN SGSN …
HPLMN (4G)
VPLMN (3G)
Gy
OCS OCS …
S6d, S13’
HSS HSS …
Diameter
IWF
TCAP (SS7)
© GSMA 2013
Voice Roaming: PS/CS Voice Interworking 1
Reference: GSMA IR.65: “IMS Roaming & Interworking Guidelines”
No IPX Provider
Role of Diameter: PCC for Voice Call in
SP A’s network
Diameter Interfaces: Rx, Gx, Gz
IWF required
© GSMA 2013
Voice Roaming: PS/CS Voice Interworking 2
Role of Diameter: Same as in previous slide
Reference: GSMA IR.65: “IMS Roaming & Interworking Guidelines”
© GSMA 2013
Non-3GPP Access Roaming Architecture 1
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.402: “Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses”
hPCRF
HSS
Trusted Non-3GPP IP
Access
PDN Gateway
HPLMN
SWd
Non-3GPP Networks
VPLMN
vPCRF
3GPP AAA Proxy
STa
3GPP AAA Server
S2a
Gxa
S9
SGi
Gx
S6b
Operator's IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
Rx SWx
SWn
ePDG
SWa
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP
Access
SWm
S2b
Gxb Gxc
S8
S6a
3GPP Access
Serving Gateway
Home Routed
© GSMA 2013
Non-3GPP Access Roaming Architecture 2
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.402: “Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses”
Local Breakout
hPCRF
HSS
Trusted Non-3GPP IP
Access
HPLMN
SWd
Non-3GPP Networks
S6b
VPLMN
vPCRF
PDN Gateway
3GPP AAA Proxy
3GPP AAA Server
Gxa
S9
S2a
Gx
Rx
SGi
SWx
STa
Visited network IP services or proxies to home network services or PDN
Rx
Gxb
ePDG S2b
SWn
SWm
Untrusted Non-3GPP IP
Access SWa
S5
Gxc
S6a Operator's IP
Services (e.g. IMS, PSS
etc.)
3GPP Access
Serving Gateway
© GSMA 2013
Prevalence of ‘Diameter’ in EPS… A Holistic Picture
Some Non-3GPP Access Roaming Scenarios Have Not Been Represented
S6a S6d S13
Gx Rx S9
Authentication & Mobility Management
Session Management
S1-U S8 Interfaces using Diameter
Interfaces using GTP
S1-MME
SGi
Interface to the External World
S13’
Swx
STa SWa
SWm S6b
SWd
Gxb Gxc
S2a S2b
Interfaces using PMIP
Gy Gz
© GSMA 2013
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