23
EXCEL and SPSS Gaurav Singh R.B.T.T.I., BAREILLY
EXCEL and SPSS
Gaurav Singh
RBTTI BAREILLY
EXCEL as a statistical toolExcel is convenient for data entry
and for quickly manipulating rows and columns prior to statistical analysis
Excel is probably the most commonly used spreadsheet for PCs
Excel is a poor choice for statistical analysis
Most of Excelrsquos statistical procedures are part of the Data Analysis tool pack which is in the Tools menu
It includes simple descriptive statistics t-tests correlations 1 or 2-way analysis of variance regression etc
If you do not have a Data Analysis item on the Tools menu you need to install the Data Analysis ToolPak
Two other Excel features are useful for certain analysesPivot Table in the Data menu can
be used to generate summary tables of means standard deviations counts etc
Functions to generate some statistical measures such as a correlation coefficient
Use of EXCEL
All statistical tests using Excel were done with the Data Analysis ToolPak
In order to check a variety of statistical tests we chose the following tasks Get means and standard deviations of X and Y
for the entire group and for each treatment group
Get the correlation between X and Y Do a two sample t-test to test whether the two
treatment groups differ on X and Y Do a paired t-test to test whether X and Y are
statistically different from each other Compare the number of subjects with each
outcome by treatment group using a chi-squared test
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
EXCEL as a statistical toolExcel is convenient for data entry
and for quickly manipulating rows and columns prior to statistical analysis
Excel is probably the most commonly used spreadsheet for PCs
Excel is a poor choice for statistical analysis
Most of Excelrsquos statistical procedures are part of the Data Analysis tool pack which is in the Tools menu
It includes simple descriptive statistics t-tests correlations 1 or 2-way analysis of variance regression etc
If you do not have a Data Analysis item on the Tools menu you need to install the Data Analysis ToolPak
Two other Excel features are useful for certain analysesPivot Table in the Data menu can
be used to generate summary tables of means standard deviations counts etc
Functions to generate some statistical measures such as a correlation coefficient
Use of EXCEL
All statistical tests using Excel were done with the Data Analysis ToolPak
In order to check a variety of statistical tests we chose the following tasks Get means and standard deviations of X and Y
for the entire group and for each treatment group
Get the correlation between X and Y Do a two sample t-test to test whether the two
treatment groups differ on X and Y Do a paired t-test to test whether X and Y are
statistically different from each other Compare the number of subjects with each
outcome by treatment group using a chi-squared test
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Most of Excelrsquos statistical procedures are part of the Data Analysis tool pack which is in the Tools menu
It includes simple descriptive statistics t-tests correlations 1 or 2-way analysis of variance regression etc
If you do not have a Data Analysis item on the Tools menu you need to install the Data Analysis ToolPak
Two other Excel features are useful for certain analysesPivot Table in the Data menu can
be used to generate summary tables of means standard deviations counts etc
Functions to generate some statistical measures such as a correlation coefficient
Use of EXCEL
All statistical tests using Excel were done with the Data Analysis ToolPak
In order to check a variety of statistical tests we chose the following tasks Get means and standard deviations of X and Y
for the entire group and for each treatment group
Get the correlation between X and Y Do a two sample t-test to test whether the two
treatment groups differ on X and Y Do a paired t-test to test whether X and Y are
statistically different from each other Compare the number of subjects with each
outcome by treatment group using a chi-squared test
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Two other Excel features are useful for certain analysesPivot Table in the Data menu can
be used to generate summary tables of means standard deviations counts etc
Functions to generate some statistical measures such as a correlation coefficient
Use of EXCEL
All statistical tests using Excel were done with the Data Analysis ToolPak
In order to check a variety of statistical tests we chose the following tasks Get means and standard deviations of X and Y
for the entire group and for each treatment group
Get the correlation between X and Y Do a two sample t-test to test whether the two
treatment groups differ on X and Y Do a paired t-test to test whether X and Y are
statistically different from each other Compare the number of subjects with each
outcome by treatment group using a chi-squared test
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Use of EXCEL
All statistical tests using Excel were done with the Data Analysis ToolPak
In order to check a variety of statistical tests we chose the following tasks Get means and standard deviations of X and Y
for the entire group and for each treatment group
Get the correlation between X and Y Do a two sample t-test to test whether the two
treatment groups differ on X and Y Do a paired t-test to test whether X and Y are
statistically different from each other Compare the number of subjects with each
outcome by treatment group using a chi-squared test
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
General issues
Enable the Analysis ToolPakThe Data Analysis ToolPak is not
installed with the standard Excel setup
Missing Values A blank cell is the only way for Excel to
deal with missing data If you have any other missing value codes you will need to change them to blanks
Data Arrangement Different analyses require the data to be
arranged in various ways
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Choose ToolsData Analysisselect the kind of analysis you want to do
The typical dialog box will have the following items Input Range Type the upper left and lower
right corner cells eg A1B100 Labels There is sometimes a box you can
check off to indicate that the first row of your sheet contains labels If you have labels in the first row check this box and your output MAY be labeled with your label
Output location New Sheet is the default Or type in the cell
address of the upper left corner of where you want to place the output in the current sheet New Worksheet is another option which I have not tried
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Normally used analysis
Descriptive Statistics CorrelationsTwo sample T testPaired t-testCrosstabulation and Chi-Squared Test
of Independence Simple Frequencies Linear RegressionAnalysis of Variance
One-way ANOVA Two-Factor ANOVA Without Replication Two-Factor ANOVA with Replicates
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Limitation of EXCEL
Although Excel is a fine spreadsheet it is not a statistical data analysis package you will encounter difficulties due to any or all of the following limitations Potential problems with analyses involving missing
data Lack of flexibility in analyses that can be done due to
its expectations regarding the arrangement of data Output scattered in many different worksheets or all
over one worksheet which you must take responsibility for arranging in a sensible way
Output may be incomplete or may not be properly labeled increasing possibility of misidentifying output
Need to repeat requests for the some analyses multiple times in order to run it for multiple variables or to request multiple options
Need to do some things by defining your own functionsformulae with its attendant risk of errors
No record of what you did to generate your results making it difficult to document your analysis or to repeat it at a later time should that be necessary
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Problems in EXCEL
The problems encountered are in four general areasMissing values are handled inconsistently
and sometimes incorrectly Data organization differs according to
analysis forcing you to reorganize your data in many ways if you want to do many different analyses
Many analyses can only be done on one column at a time making it inconvenient to do the same analysis on many columns
Output is poorly organized sometimes inadequately labeled and there is no record of how an analysis was accomplished
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Merits and demerits of EXCELStrengths
Wide access to Excel Good for basic stats applications Graphing and displaying data
Interactive graph Easy to use Integrated with other MS products Good ldquohelprdquo and online support
Limitations Very limited in what it can do for statistics Be careful in interpreting results Have had problems with errors in algorithms
for some of the tests Limited applications in complex test designs
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Excel is a useful package for an elementary analysis of the data
However it is not suitable for an in-depth treatment For this SPSS can
be used
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Why to use SPSS
Able to do sophisticated tests easily and accurately Even with large data sets Complex analytical problems
Ease of use Help and other support features
Manipulate data Create new variables Recode
Manage data files Merge data or files
Display data Tables Graphs
Ability to accurately perform the test Right tool for right test
Accurately read and interpret results
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
How to use SPSS
Switch on the computer and wait until you observe the desk-top
Click on Start Programs SPSS for Windows
Click on Type in data
Click OK
(You can save files using Save As in the usual way)
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
SPSS has two screens The first is the data Editor screen where data is placed A second screen is the output screen called the SPSS viewer You can cut and paste materials from this screen into Word for report purposes
You can enter data manually (ie by typing it in) Usually experimenters record and save data as text files or in spreadsheets for ease of analysis SPSS will read such files
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Use of SPSS
Mean Median Mode Variation Standard Deviation
Normal Distribution
T-testComparison among two variables
Compare mean differences
Family of tests ndash depending on research design Paired samples (repeated measures) Independent samples One-sample
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Regression types of regression analysisCurve estimationBinary logisticMultinomial logisticAnd others
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Merits and Demerits of SPSSStrengths
Very robust statistical software Many complex statistical tests available Good ldquostats coachrdquo help with interpreting
results Easily and quickly displays data tables Can be expanded
Using the syntax feature Purchasing add-ins
Limitations Can be expensive Not intuitive to use
Typically requires additional training to maximize features (at a cost)
Graphing feature not as simple as Excel
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
What workshellipwhat works betterExcel or SPSST-test
Options in Excel1048577 Paired Two-Sample for Means1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances1048577 Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
Options in SPSS1048577 One-sample t-test1048577 Independent samples t-test1048577 Paired samples t-test
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Excel has basic assumptions in calculations
that are not correct
1048577 SPSS tests are correct
1048577 Descriptive statistics ndash same results
1048577 More complex statistics ndash different results
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Regression
Excel does only simple linear regression and multiple linear regression using Enter method
Results from Excel and SPSS (Enter) are the same
SPSS allows for other methods
SPSS can do other types of regression analysis
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Comparison of EXCEL and Comparison of EXCEL and SPSSSPSS
ExcelExcel SPSSSPSSHow to get data into How to get data into tabletable
enter manually cut amp enter manually cut amp paste from table native paste from table native file format file format
enter manually cut amp paste enter manually cut amp paste from table native file from table native file format read Excel 4 format read Excel 4 worksheet worksheet
Selected statisticsSelected statistics Count average (mean amp Count average (mean amp median) sum (inter)median) sum (inter)
same and more same and more (batch) (batch)
Selected charts Selected charts bar x-y pie etc (inter)bar x-y pie etc (inter) bar x-y pie etc (batch) bar x-y pie etc (batch)
Selected advantages Selected advantages interactive interactive easy recodes easy recodes Sophisticated missing data Sophisticated missing data features cross tabs features cross tabs self-self-documentingdocumenting
Sample data files Sample data files (and output files for (and output files for SPSS) SPSS)
oaklandxlsoaklandxls
US collegesxls US collegesxls
oakland oakland 0298sav spo htm 0298sav spo htm
United States collegessav United States collegessav
World95sav World95sav
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
Which to use
Excel can do simple basic descriptive statistics quickly and easily
Excelrsquos graphing features are typically easier and they are interactive SPSS v16 have made improvements on
graphing features
SPSS is the better choice for most inferential statistics All tests are mathematically correct and meet
assumptions of test Output is typically easier to read and interpret More robust research designs Excellent results coach
