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The Role of Fish in Enhancing Climate Resilience of Food Production in the Lower Mekong Region S.J. Teoh, S.P. Kam, Y. Kura and T. Nhuong Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy 23 October 2015, Phnom Penh
Fish in enhancing climate resilience of food production
Improving produc.vity
Building resilience (through adapta.on)
Reducing greenhouse
gases
Climate-‐Smart Agriculture (CSA)
Managing climate risks to achieve national food security and
development goals
Countries below the dashed line are part of the Low-Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDC) 2014 list. Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao’s People’s Democratic Republic and Vanuatu were in the 2010 LIFDC list.
Ekxang
Banh Pailom
Rohal Suong
My Loi
Ma
Tra Hat
CCAFS Climate Smart Village (CSV)
Cambodia: þ Rohal Suong (seasonally flooded rainfed area) Laos: þ Ekxang village (drought prone rainfed with shallow water table) þ Banh Pailom village (drought prone rainfed area with deep water table)
Vietnam: q Ma village (cool lowland with surrounding upland areas) q My Loi village (upland agroforestry area with diversified lowland crops) þ Tra Hat hamlet (intensive rice area, saline affected)
þ WorldFish involved
Cambodia CSV – Rohal Suong (Planned Activities) • Establish capacity for participatory action research and
community planning
• Test CSA interventions to improve irrigation water management (sustainable extraction, efficiency, water saving methods, governance, fair distribution), dry season crops, and fisheries productivity
• Synergies with USAID-funded projects on rice-field fisheries enhancement through dry season fish refuge, and flood/drought resistant rice varieties
Cambodia CSV – Rohal Suong (Progress)
• Situation analysis at village and provincial levels
• Program launch workshops held at village and province-levels
• Needs assessment conducted for capacity-building on Climate Smart Agriculture, including pest and disease management
• Draft map of land use planning in Rohal Suong village and Preak Norin commune
Overall vulnerability of aquaculture in Vietnam to climate change impacts
Overall vulnerability
Low
High
Hoanh Phong in Thanh Hoa province:
1. Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting CSA in northern coastal area of Vietnam (aka ECO-SAMP)
Mekong River Delta:
2. Mitigation Priorities & Opportunities (aka SAMPLES)
3. Spatial perspective of aquaculture futures in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam (aka Aquaculture Futures)
Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting CSA in northern coastal area of Vietnam (aka ECO-SAMP)
• Pilot in Thanh Hoa province (ongoing) • To enhance community resilience to climate variability
and change in the northern region of Vietnam, specifically: o To test and disseminate smart aquaculture practices
(CSA) o To test and scale out community based management
and adaptation institutions o To build capacity for communities to adapt to climate
change
ECO-SAMP – Approach
Climate change Aquaculture impacts, resilience & adaptations
trail
U p - s c a l i n g
Enhanced adaptive capacity, resilience & gender equity
Regional IDOs
Res
earc
h &
cap
acity
bui
ldin
g
Adv
isin
g &
sup
porti
ng
Mitigation Priorities & Opportunities (aka SAMPLES)
• ILRI-led (ongoing)
• Identify and implement support of mitigation priorities and opportunities in rice-dominated landscapes
• Conduct literature review for fish component:
o Areas, typologies and management (feeding, water and waste management, yields) of aquaculture in Vietnam
o Nutrient concentrations and water in/and outflow o Estimates of global warming potential (GWP) of
aquaculture production systems
SAMPLES – Aquaculture life cycle analysis
Schematic overview of the striped catfish system and system boundaries for the LCA. Continuous lines, material flows; dotted lines, energy flows; striped line, system boundary (cradle to gate).
Source: Kluts et al. (2012)
Spatial perspective of aquaculture futures in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam (aka Aquaculture Futures)
• CCAFS-SEA funded (ongoing)
• To determine plausible future patterns of aquaculture production systems in response to change induced by climate and other drivers, in support of policy and planning for adaptation to enhance resilience
• Explores spatial patterns of what aquaculture would look like in the foreseeable future
• Outputs will support spatial planning of future aquaculture production systems and policy formulation for response to climate and other change impacts
Aquaculture Futures – Approach
Storylines (Scenarios)
Drivers (factors) § Land and water resources use § Climate change and sea level rise !
hydrological changes § Economic outlook § Advances in technology
Business As Usual Change Scenarios
e.g. Management Plan
Land alloca.on/ conversion matrix
e.g. Restricted areas, future built-‐up areas
Aquaculture Futures map
Constraints Researchers
Aquaculture experts, advisors
Overrides
Decision makers
Fish…in CSA…
Fish in CCAFS climate-‐smart village
Climate-‐smart aquaculture intervenKons
What would the future paOern of aquaculture look like in the MRD?
Improving produc.vity
Building resilience (through adapta.on)
Reducing greenhouse
gases
Climate-‐Smart Agriculture (CSA)
Managing climate risks to achieve national food security and
development goals