I nternational Telecommunication Union
Role of Telecommunications/ ICTRole of Telecommunications/ ICTin Disaster Mitigationin Disaster Mitigation
AlexandriaAlexandria, EGYPT, 14-17 April 2007, EGYPT, 14-17 April 2007
Dr. Cosmas L. Zavazava, PhD.
HEAD,Emergency Telecommunications,
Least Developed Countries, and Small Island Developing States
Disasters kill at least Disasters kill at least one one millionmillion people each decade people each decade and cause annual losses of and cause annual losses of
US 65 billion dollars…US 65 billion dollars…
DISASTERSDISASTERSTHE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OFTHE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF
Pic earthquakePic earthquake
Pic earthquakePic earthquake
Pic floodsPic floods
Pic forest firePic forest fire
Pic forest firePic forest fire
Sandstorm.
WHEN WHEN DISASTERS DISASTERS STRIKE… STRIKE…
TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS
SAVESAVE LIVES LIVES
CoordinationCoordinationAlarm Alarm disseminationdissemination
Request information and provideRequest information and providefeedback on impact of disaster feedback on impact of disaster
FOUR FOUR COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
IMPERATIVESIMPERATIVES
ICT : MULTI-HAZARD APPROACH
HurricaneFloods
VolcanoEarthquake
Fire Tsunami
Volcano
Earthquake
Tsunami
Flood
Fire
MULTI-TECHNOLOGY FOR MULTI-HAZARDS
ABOUT ITUITU
Helping the World Communicate
ITU-TTelecommunication
standardization- network and service
aspectsITU-R
Radiocommunicationstandardization and
global radio spectrum management
ITU-DAssistance delivery and
implementation of telecommunications in developing countries
191 Member States700 Sector Members100 Sector Associates
ENHANCED COORDINATION IN EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ITU-T ITU-R
ITU-DCoordinates all Sectors
at operational level
ITU Deputy Secretary-GeneralChairs Inter-Sectoral Group
On Emergency Telecoms
ITU’s COMPLETE PACKAGE TO DISASTER MITIGATIONITU’s COMPLETE PACKAGE TO DISASTER MITIGATION
The Mitigation Onion Layer Approach (MOLA)The Mitigation Onion Layer Approach (MOLA)
1. Risk assessment/ Analysis (intensity + probability)
2. Early Warning- forecasting dissemination- Provision of timely and effective information
3. PreventionRaising awareness using ICTsand building preventive measures in projects
4. PreparednessEarly warning + temporary measures
5. Risk ManagementPolicies, strategies + practicesaimed at disaster risk reduction
BACKGROUND TEXTS: ITU-T(STANDARDS)
International Emergency Preference Scheme(Rec.E.106 Call Preference scheme)
Interoperability of telecommunication networks (ITU-T Rec. H.323)
Overview of the requirements, features, and concept for emergency telecoms for Next Generation Networks (NGN) (ITU-T Y. 1271)
Message broadcast capability for IP systems H.323 Multimedia and VoIP (ITU-T H. 460.21)
New by ITU-T Common Alert Protocol (CAP)
• Standard alert message format that can be used for a wide range of alert types– Including early warning and dissemination
• Developed originally by OASIS– Good acceptance by industry and user communities
• Currently: work item to be formally accepted within ITU-T SG 17 (Security, languages and telecommunication software)– Approval expected early 2008
• Next: – Support of CAP in ITU-T defined systems– Refinements to the spec– Recommendation expected by end of May 2007
BACKGROUND TEXTS: ITU-R(RADIOCOMMUNICATION)
Res.646 (WRC-03): Public Protection and Disaster Relief Encouraging regionally harmonized bands/ranges for public
protection and relief. Region 1:380-470 Mhz Region 2:746-806 Mhz, 806-869 Mhz, 4940-4990 Mhz. Region 3:406.1-430Mhz, 440-470Mhz, 806-824/851-869 Mhz
Application of amateur and amateur satellite services (Rec. M.1042-2)
Support to emergency broadcasting, maritime and public safety signals
ITU-R: DISASTER PREDICTION, DETECTION, ALERTING AND RELIEF
Disaster activities Radiocommunication service involved
Prediction and Detection ▪Meteorological services▪Earth exploration and satellite service
Alerting and Relief ▪Amateur services▪Broadcasting services and satellite (radio, TV etc)▪Fixed services terrestrial and satellite▪Mobile services (land, satellite, maritime, etc)
Regionally Harmonized Bands (ITU-R)
5-01
75°
60°
40°30°20°
0°
20°30°40°
60°
75°
60°
40°30°
20°
0°
20°30°40°
60°
170° 140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180°
170°
170°
140°160° 100°120° 60°80° 20°40° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° 170°
ABC
ABC
REGION 1
REGION 2
REGION 3 REGION 3
BACKGROUND TEXTS: ITU-D(DEVELOPMENT)
WTDC-06 Resolution 34: “The role of telecommunications/ICT in early warning and mitigation of disasters and humanitarian assistance.” requesting the BDT “to support administrations in their work towards the
implementation of the Tampere Convention,” and ITU-D should strengthen the link between telecommunication development and disaster.
WTDC-06: ITU-D Study Group 2 (Question 22/2): “Utilization of ICT for disaster management and active and passive space-based
sensing systems as they apply to disaster prediction, detection and mitigation.” PP-06 Resolution 36: “Telecommunications/ICT in the service of
humanitarian assistance” inviting Member States “to work towards their accession to the Tampere Convention
as a matter of priority” and also, “to take all practical steps for the application of the Tampere Convention.”
PP-06 Resolution 136:“The use of ICT for monitoring and management in emergency and disaster situations for early warning, prevention, mitigation and relief.” To support technical studies through ITU study Groups Support the development of robust, comprehensive, all-hazards emergency and
disaster early warning, mitigation and relief systems
ITU-D: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS (1)
Telecommunication /ICT Development and Deployment Incorporating resilience and reducing vulnerability Focus on Universal Access
Training and Capacity building of Government Agencies, Radio Amateurs, NGOS, etc
Best Practices Handbooks Case
Studies
ITU-D: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS (2)
Help Establish Appropriate: Legal Framework at National, Regional and
International levels- Tampere Convention ratification and
implementation Regulatory Framework
Licensing regimes Frequency usage
Policy framework
ITU-D: RESPONSE AND RELIEF OPERATIONS
▪ Deployment of Satellite terminals for telemedicine and voice (disaster relief) e.g. ▪ Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Suriname, etc.
▪ Post Disaster Network Damage Assessments e.g. ▪
Indonesia, Maldives, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka▪ Network Rehabilitation and GIS e.g. Indonesia
EXAMPLE OF PARTNERSHIPS THAT WORK
ITU & ITU SECTOR
MEMBERS
ROHDE & SCHWARZ
THURAYA
INMARSAT
FRANCE TELECOM
ONGOING AND FUTURE WORK
Publication of Best Practices and Designing of Model National Emergency Plans
Compendium on ITU-T, ITU-R, and ITU-D work• Protocols for Automatic TV, Radio and
Telephone on-switching capability• Back-up ICT/Telecommunication systems
(satellite)• ITU Framework for Cooperation in Emergencies
(IFCE)
Technology
Cluster
▪Satellite operators and Land Earth station operators
▪Telecom Operators
▪GIS/Remote sensing service providers
▪Radiocommunications Equipment Providers
Finance
Cluster
▪Governments
▪Private Sector
▪Development Banks
▪Regional Economic Groups
Logistics
Cluster
▪Air Transport operators
▪International Couriers
ITU Framework for Cooperation in Emergencies (IFCE)
Eminent Industry Champion
Eminent Corporate Champion
Eminent Corporate Champion
KEYSTRATEGIES IN THE USE OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS FOR DISASTER MITIGATION
Bridging the Gap between Rural and Urban (universal Access)
ICT should be high on the national development agenda
Introduce low-cost, affordable ICT/telecommunication technologies
ICT should provide a link for all citizens Focus on Community based approaches rather
than households (universal access rather than universal service)
Strategies: Embrace Convergence
ICTs forDisaster
Mitigation
Broadcasting TV
BroadcastingRadio
Info. Technology• Internet
•Wifi, Wifi-Max
Telecoms• Fixed• Mobile
Strategies: Harmonize Laws and Regulations
• Adoption of appropriate treaties such as the Tampere Convention
• Open standards that can help interoperability of networks and prioritization of calls
The “Tampere Hall” in Tampere Finland, where theTreaty on TelecommunicationFor Disaster Mitigation and Relief was signed on 18 June 1998.
Strategies: Concluding• Forge Multi-stakeholder Partnerships• Adopt relevant standards• Develop and deploy appropriate
technologies• Multidisciplinary approach• Effective frequency management
CALL FOR PARTNERS• SHARED VISION• SHARED OBJECTIVES AND
OUTCOMES• RESULTING IN WIN-WIN OUTCOMES
I nternational Telecommunication Union
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Dr. COSMAS L. ZAVAZAVATel: +41 22 730 [email protected]
www.itu.int/itu-d/emergencytelecoms