ROLE OF THE ILO IN THE ROLE OF THE ILO IN THE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

OF SOCIAL SECURITYOF SOCIAL SECURITY

CHAPTER CHAPTER SEVENSEVEN 7

After completing this lecture, the students After completing this lecture, the students

should be able to:should be able to: Describe the ILO’s backgroundDescribe the ILO’s background Describe the ILO’s major task Describe the ILO’s major task Describe the ILO’s strategic Describe the ILO’s strategic

objectivesobjectives Describe the means to achieve the Describe the means to achieve the

objectivesobjectives Describe the ILO’s policies & Describe the ILO’s policies &

programmes and explain the programmes and explain the relevant conventions.relevant conventions.

7.1 7.1 ILO BACKGROUNDILO BACKGROUND

7.1.1 The Establishment of 7.1.1 The Establishment of ILOILO

ILO is the UN specialized agency which ILO is the UN specialized agency which seeks the seeks the promotionpromotion of of social justicesocial justice and and internationally internationally recognized human and recognized human and labour rights.labour rights.

It was founded in 1919 by Part XIII of the It was founded in 1919 by Part XIII of the Versailles Peace Treaty ending World War I.Versailles Peace Treaty ending World War I.

It grew out of 19It grew out of 19thth Century for labour and Century for labour and social movements which culminated in social movements which culminated in widespread demands for social justice and widespread demands for social justice and higher living standards for the world’s higher living standards for the world’s working people. working people.

7.1.2 The Structure7.1.2 The Structure

Unique organization in the world due Unique organization in the world due to the representatives of the workers to the representatives of the workers and the employers have an equal and the employers have an equal voice with those of governments in voice with those of governments in formulating its policies.formulating its policies.

The Structure…..The Structure…..

During the Annual International During the Annual International Labour Conference, the ILO’s Labour Conference, the ILO’s supreme deliberative body, is supreme deliberative body, is composed of 4 representatives from composed of 4 representatives from each member country:each member country: • 2 government delegates2 government delegates • 1 worker delegate1 worker delegate • 1 employer delegate1 employer delegate

7.2 7.2 ILO MAJOR TASKSILO MAJOR TASKS

The adoption of international labour The adoption of international labour standards, called conventions and standards, called conventions and Recommendations, for Recommendations, for implementation by member statesimplementation by member states

Ilo major tasks…..Ilo major tasks…..

The technical cooperation task to The technical cooperation task to assist developing nations; with 4 assist developing nations; with 4 major areas ie major areas ie • Development of human resources, Development of human resources, • Employment planning and promotions Employment planning and promotions • The development of social institutions The development of social institutions

and and • Condition of work and lifeCondition of work and life

Ilo major tasks…..Ilo major tasks…..

The standard-setting and technical The standard-setting and technical cooperation; are bolstered by an cooperation; are bolstered by an extensive research, training, extensive research, training, education and publication education and publication programmesprogrammes

7.3 7.3 ILO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVESILO STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

What the ILO does?What the ILO does? The ILO has four principal strategic The ILO has four principal strategic

objectives:objectives:

Ilo strategic objectives…..Ilo strategic objectives…..

• To promote and realize standards, To promote and realize standards, and fundamental principles and rights and fundamental principles and rights at workat work

• To create greater opportunities for To create greater opportunities for women and men to secure decent women and men to secure decent employmentemployment

• To enhance the coverage and To enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for effectiveness of social protection for allall

• To strengthen tripartism and social To strengthen tripartism and social dialoguedialogue

7.4 7.4 MEANS TO ACHIEVE MEANS TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVESTHE OBJECTIVES

These objectives are realized in a These objectives are realized in a number of ways:number of ways:

• Formulation of international policies and Formulation of international policies and programmesprogrammes to promote basic human to promote basic human rights, improve working and living rights, improve working and living conditions, and enhance employment conditions, and enhance employment opportunitiesopportunities

Means to achieve the objectives…..Means to achieve the objectives…..

• Creation of international labour Creation of international labour standardsstandards – backed by a unique system – backed by a unique system to supervise their application– to serve to supervise their application– to serve as guidelines for national authorities in as guidelines for national authorities in putting these policies into actionputting these policies into action

Means to achieve the objectives…..Means to achieve the objectives…..

• An extensive programme of An extensive programme of international technical cooperationinternational technical cooperation, , formulated and implemented in an formulated and implemented in an active partnership with constituents, to active partnership with constituents, to help countries in making these policies help countries in making these policies effective in practiceeffective in practice

Means to achieve the objectives…..Means to achieve the objectives…..

• Training, education, research, and Training, education, research, and publishingpublishing activities to help advance all activities to help advance all of these effortsof these efforts

7.5 7.5 ILO POLICIES AND ILO POLICIES AND PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME

Declaration of PhiladelphiaDeclaration of Philadelphia In 1944, the International Labour In 1944, the International Labour

Conference met in Philadelphia, USA, Conference met in Philadelphia, USA, and adopted the Declaration of and adopted the Declaration of Philadelphia. This redefined the aims Philadelphia. This redefined the aims and purpose of the ILO by adopting and purpose of the ILO by adopting the following principles:the following principles:

Ilo policies and programme…..Ilo policies and programme…..

Labour is not a commodityLabour is not a commodity Freedom of expression and of association Freedom of expression and of association

are essential to sustained progressare essential to sustained progress Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to

prosperity everywhereprosperity everywhere All human beings, irrespective of race, All human beings, irrespective of race,

creed, or sex, have the right to pursue creed, or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security, freedom and dignity, of economic security, and of equal opportunityand of equal opportunity

Declaration on Fundamental Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Principles and Rights at

WorkWork In 1998, the International Labour In 1998, the International Labour

Conference adopted the Declaration on Conference adopted the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, which reaffirmed the commitment of Work, which reaffirmed the commitment of the international community to “respect, the international community to “respect, to promote and to realize in good faith” to promote and to realize in good faith” the rights of workers and employers to the rights of workers and employers to freedom of association and the effective freedom of association and the effective right to collective bargainingright to collective bargaining

Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work…..Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work…..

It also commits member States to It also commits member States to work towards the elimination of all work towards the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, forms of forced or compulsory labour, the effective abolition of child labour, the effective abolition of child labour, and the elimination of discrimination and the elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation.in employment and occupation.

Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work…..Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work…..

The Declaration emphasizes that all The Declaration emphasizes that all member States have an obligation to member States have an obligation to respect the fundamental principles respect the fundamental principles involved, whether or not they have involved, whether or not they have ratified the relevant Conventions.ratified the relevant Conventions.

7.6 7.6 RELEVANT ILO RELEVANT ILO CONVENTIONSCONVENTIONS

ILO Conventions and ILO Conventions and RecommendationsRecommendations

Adoption by the tripartite International Adoption by the tripartite International Labour Conference (employers, workers Labour Conference (employers, workers and governments) of Conventions and and governments) of Conventions and Recommendations Recommendations

Set international standards. Set international standards. Through ratifications by member States, Through ratifications by member States,

these Conventions create binding these Conventions create binding obligations to implement their provisions.obligations to implement their provisions.

Relevant ilo conventions…..Relevant ilo conventions…..

Recommendations provide guidance on Recommendations provide guidance on policy, legislation, and practice. policy, legislation, and practice.

Since 1919, Conventions and Since 1919, Conventions and Recommendations have been adopted Recommendations have been adopted covering practically all issues relating to covering practically all issues relating to the world of work.the world of work.

Relevant ilo conventions…..Relevant ilo conventions…..

These include certain basic human rights These include certain basic human rights labour administration, labour administration, industrial relations, industrial relations, employment policy, employment policy, working conditions, working conditions, social security, social security, occupational safety and health, occupational safety and health, employment of women, employment of women, and employment of special categories and employment of special categories

such as migrant workers and seafarers.such as migrant workers and seafarers.

Relevant ilo conventions…..Relevant ilo conventions…..

Each member State is required to submit all Each member State is required to submit all Conventions and Recommendations adopted by Conventions and Recommendations adopted by the Conference to the competent national the Conference to the competent national authorities for a decision on action to be taken. authorities for a decision on action to be taken.

The ILO has established a supervisory procedure The ILO has established a supervisory procedure to ensure their application in law and practice, to ensure their application in law and practice,

It is based on objective evaluation by It is based on objective evaluation by independent experts of the manner in which independent experts of the manner in which obligations are complied with, obligations are complied with,

Examination of cases by the ILO tripartite bodies. Examination of cases by the ILO tripartite bodies. There is a special procedure to investigate There is a special procedure to investigate complaints of infringement of freedom of complaints of infringement of freedom of association.association.

Key ILO ConventionsKey ILO Conventions

No. 29No. 29 Forced Labour Convention (1930)Forced Labour Convention (1930) Requires the suppression of forced or Requires the suppression of forced or

compulsory labour in all its forms. compulsory labour in all its forms. Certain exceptions are permitted, such as Certain exceptions are permitted, such as

military service, properly supervised military service, properly supervised convict labour, and emergencies such as convict labour, and emergencies such as wars, fires, earthquakes.wars, fires, earthquakes.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 105No. 105 Abolition of Forced Labour Abolition of Forced Labour

Convention (1957)Convention (1957) Prohibits the use of any form of forced or Prohibits the use of any form of forced or

compulsory labour as a means of political compulsory labour as a means of political coercion or education, coercion or education,

punishment for the expression of political punishment for the expression of political or ideological views, or ideological views,

workforce mobilization, workforce mobilization, labour discipline, labour discipline, punishment for participation in strikes, or punishment for participation in strikes, or discrimination.discrimination.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 87No. 87 Freedom of Association and Freedom of Association and

Protection of the Right to Organize Protection of the Right to Organize Convention (1948)Convention (1948)

Establishes the right of all workers and Establishes the right of all workers and employers to form and join organizations employers to form and join organizations of their own choosing without prior of their own choosing without prior authorization, authorization,

lays down a series of guarantees for the lays down a series of guarantees for the free functioning of organizations without free functioning of organizations without interference by public authorities.interference by public authorities.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 98No. 98 Right to Organize and Collective Right to Organize and Collective

Bargaining Convention (1949)Bargaining Convention (1949) Provides for protection against anti-union Provides for protection against anti-union

discrimination, discrimination, for protection of workers’ and employers’ for protection of workers’ and employers’

organizations against acts of interference organizations against acts of interference by each other, by each other,

and for measures to promote collective and for measures to promote collective bargaining.bargaining.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 100No. 100 Equal Remuneration Convention Equal Remuneration Convention

(1951)(1951) Calls for equal pay and benefits for Calls for equal pay and benefits for

men and women for work of equal men and women for work of equal value.value.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 111No. 111 Discrimination (Employment and Discrimination (Employment and

Occupation) Convention (1958)Occupation) Convention (1958) Calls for a national policy to eliminate Calls for a national policy to eliminate

discrimination in access to employment, discrimination in access to employment, training, and working conditions, on training, and working conditions, on

grounds of race, colour, sex, religion, grounds of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or political opinion, national extraction or social origin, and social origin, and

to promote equality of opportunity and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment.treatment.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 138No. 138 Minimum Age Convention (1973)Minimum Age Convention (1973) Aims at the abolition of child labour, Aims at the abolition of child labour, stipulating that the minimum age for stipulating that the minimum age for

admission to employment shall not be less admission to employment shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory than the age of completion of compulsory schooling.schooling.

Key ILO Conventions…..Key ILO Conventions…..

No. 182No. 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

(1999)(1999) Calls for immediate and effective measures to Calls for immediate and effective measures to

secure the prohibition and elimination of the secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour which include slavery worst forms of child labour which include slavery and similar practices, and similar practices,

forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, use in prostitution and pornography, any illicit use in prostitution and pornography, any illicit

activity, activity, work which is likely to harm the health, safety, work which is likely to harm the health, safety,

and morals of children.and morals of children.

CONVENTION 102 SOCIAL SECURITY CONVENTION 102 SOCIAL SECURITY (MINIMUM STANDARDS) CONV, 1952(MINIMUM STANDARDS) CONV, 1952

PART I : General ProvisionPART I : General Provision PART II : Medical CarePART II : Medical Care PART III : Sickness BenefitPART III : Sickness Benefit PART IV : Unemployment BenefitPART IV : Unemployment Benefit PART V : Old-age BenefitPART V : Old-age Benefit PART VI : Employment Injury BenefitPART VI : Employment Injury Benefit PART VII: Family BenefitPART VII: Family Benefit PART VIII : Maternity BenefitPART VIII : Maternity Benefit PART IX : Invalidity BenefitPART IX : Invalidity Benefit PART X : Survivor’s BenefitPART X : Survivor’s Benefit ETC…ETC…

TUTORIALTUTORIAL

Convention 102 ILO Convention 102 ILO