Roman Civilization
Life in Ancient Rome
Roman Culture• Greek statues, buildings, and ideas• difference
What was Roman Art Like?• Greek style statues• Greek style porches and rows of columns
– Adding arches and domes• Roman firsts
– Make full use of the arch– concrete
• Colosseum• Parthenon
Aqueducts and buildings
Roman Literature• Based mostly on Greek writings• Virgil• Horace • Ovid• Catullus• Seneca • Plautus and Terence
Roman Science and Engineering
• Galen• Ptolemy• Roads• Aqueducts
Volcanic ash , lime, and water
Daily Life in Rome• Rome – 1 of largest cities in world• Forum• Wealthy – houses• Poor – apartment
buildings• Bread and circuses
How was the Forum important to the ancient Romans?
List some pros and cons of holding sports figures up as
heroes and the responsibilities that
major sports figures have to the public.
What was Family Life like?• Large families• Father – head
– paterfamilias• Becoming a man
Women in Rome• Some rights• Not full citizens• Freedoms• Couldn’t sit with men• Empress Livia
Treatment of Enslaved People• Grew with conquered lands• 40% by 100 B.C.• Jobs• Greeks• Life• Revolt• Spartacus
Roman Religion• Gods and goddesses• Roman emperors• Altars • Philosophy
Review1. What were some of Ptolemy’s scientific
achievements?2. How were the Roman and Greek
religions similar?3. Explain the importance of the language of
the Romans.4. Describe the education of Roman
children.
Greek Art Roman Art
Greek Architecture Roman Architecture
Greek Art Roman Art
Sculptors tried to show an ideal image. Sculptors made realistic statues.
Greek Architecture Roman Architecture
Used porches and colonnades Borrowed Greek styles; used the arch, vault, dome, and concrete
The Fall of Rome
The Decline of Rome• Marcus Aurelius• Commodus• Severans
Political and Social Problems• 22 different emperors• Corruption• Talented people
refused to serve in gov’t
• Fewer – honoring the old ideals
of duty, courage, and honesty.
– Attending schools• Large # enslaved
Economic and Military Problems
• Grew less crops• Businesses closed• Leave jobs and serve
in army• Plague• Inflation
• Law and order broke down
• Roman soldiers and invaders seized crops and destroyed fields.
Inflation• Less gold in coins• Make extra coins• Pay for more things• People find out.• Barter
Write a journal entry describing life in a Roman city during the 200s A.D.
(React to at least one of the political, social, economic, and military problems that
led to disorder and decline.)
How do the social, economic, and political
problems of Ancient Rome compare to the current problems in the USA?
Invasion• Germanic tribes – W• Persian – E• Couldn’t enlist and pay Roman soldiers• Used Germanic warriors – not loyal
Diocletian’s Reforms• AD 284 – emperor• Reforms• Divided empire into 4 parts• Set prices of goods• Workers
Constantine• Emperor – AD 312• Orders• Byzantium• Hippodrome• Constantinople
Empire after Constantine• Theodosius• Western and Eastern Roman Empire
Invasion of Rome• Germanic groups• Huns• Visigoths• Battle of Adrianople
Visigoths invading RomeWhat leader did the Visigoths overthrow to take control of Rome?
More Germanic tribes• Rhine River froze• Alaric• Rome’s capture• Vandals• Vandalism
The fall of Rome• Odoacer• Romulus Augustulus• Theodoric• Western Roman Empire fades• Byzantine Empire
The Legacy of Rome• Language• Ideas about gov’t• USA system of laws• Buildings• Peace and order allowed Christian religion
to spread.
Roman Ideas and Government Today
• 1st written laws (Twelve Tables)• All people are equal under the law.• Judges decide fairly.• Innocent till proven guilty• Republic made of equal citizens is best
form of gov’t.• Republic works best if citizens do their
duty, participate in gov’t, and work to make their society even better.
First Twenty Roman Numerals
I = 1II = 2III = 3IV = 4V = 5
VI = 6
VII = 7
VIII = 8
IX = 9
X = 10
XI = 11
XII = 12
XIII = 13
XIV = 14
XV = 15
XVI = 16
XVII = 17
XVIII = 18
XIX = 19
XX = 20
Numerals by 10’s
X = 10XX = 20XXX = 30XL = 40L = 50
•LX = 60
•LXX = 70
•LXXX = 80
•XC = 90
•C = 100
Numerals by 100’s
C = 100
CC = 200
CCC = 300
CD = 400
C = 500
•DC = 600
•DCC = 700
•DCCC = 800
•CM = 900
•M = 1,000
“My Dear Cousin Loves eXtra Vitamins”:
Roman Numeral: Translated:
My M 1,000Dear D 500
Cousin C 100Loves L 50eXtra X 10
Vitamins V 5
Tricky Numbers
You would think that the Roman Numeral for 4 would be IIII.But, it is IV. When a smaller number is in front of a larger number such as IV you subtract only those numbers.I-V=5-1=4
Tricky Numbers
IX=10-1=9
XIX=
10+10-1=
19
XLIV=
50-10+5-1=
44
XCIX=
100-10+10-1
99
Translating
What is the Roman numeral translation for CMIV?For this you have to add the numbers.CM+IV= 900+4=904
Translating
What is the translation for MCDLXXX?First break apart and add.M+CD+LXXX=1000+400+80=1480
Question:
What is the translation for CLIV?A. 1515B. 154C. 2525D. 254
Question:
What is the translation for CDXX?A. 1520B. 150C. 520D. 420
Influence on Culture• Latin alphabet• Latin phrases used by doctors, scientists,
and lawyers.• Literature: Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Tactius• Buildings• Concrete• Architectural styles
Christianity• 1 of major religions in the world• Adopted Christianity in 300s• Helped it grow and spread
Review1. What social problems helped cause the
empire’s decline?2. Why did the Roman government use
Germanic warriors in its army?3. How did inflation affect Rome?4. Who were the Visigoths, and how did they
contribute to the fall of the empire?5. Give examples of Roman ideas in language
and architecture that exist today.
Write a paragraph discussing whether or not you agree with the following statement: The United
States owes more to Roman culture than to any other
civilization that has ever existed. (Support your answer with reasons and evidence
from the text, power point, or discussion.)
Roman Legacies
Roman Legacies
Rule of law
Christianity
Roman architectural
styles
languages
The Byzantine Empire
Rise of the Byzantines• Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire• 500s – high point• Italy – west• Egypt – south• Arabia – east
Importance of Constantinople• Capital of Byzantine Empire• 1 of world’s greatest cities• Location• Trade routes
Influence of Greek Culture• 1st followed Roman ways• “New Rome”• Honored Greek past• Egyptians and Slavs• Persians• 500 – 1200 AD = 1 of the world’s richest
and most advanced empires
1. Located in eastern Mediterranean only
2. Spain, North Africa
Emperor Justinian• 527 A.D. – 565 A.D.• Policies made empire
strong• Strong leader• Controlled military,
made laws, and was supreme judge
• Theodora
Read the following information and write at least five things you might
reflect on as you read this information.
In A.D. 532 Theodora helped save Justinian’s throne. Angry taxpayers threatened to
overthrow Justinian and stormed the palace. Justinian’s advisers urged him to leave
Constantinople. Theodora, however, told him to stay and fight. Justinian took Theodora’s
advice. He stayed in the city and crushed the uprising.
Justinian’s Conquests• General Belisarius
• Controlled most of Italy, northern Africa, and Persia
Justinian’s Law Code
• Tribonian• Justinian Code
Byzantine Civilization• Lasted 1,000 years• Constantinople –
largest/richest city in Europe
• Highly educated andcreative
• Gave a new methodsin arts
• Spread Christianity to people in Eastern Europe
Importance of Trade
• Center of trade between Europe and Asia• Asia – spices, gems, metals, and cloth• Merchants – furs, farm goods, honey, and
enslaved people• Very Rich
Byzantine Art and Architecture
• Hagia Sophia• Mosaics
Byzantine Women• Family – center of social life• Importance of marriage and family• Divorces• Regent
Byzantine Education• Learning – highly respected• Gov’t supported • Boys• Tutors• Girls • Authors
Review1. What is a mosaic, and where were mosaics
found in the Byzantine Empire?2. How did silk weaving develop in the Byzantine
Empire?3. What were some of the trade items that were
exchanged between merchants in Constantinople?
4. Why were divorces difficult to get in the Byzantine Empire?
5. What important service did Byzantine writers provide to the rest of the world?
Which civilization do you think was the most
advanced --- that of the Greeks, the Romans, or the
Byzantines? Why?