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THE ROMAN ERA..

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INTRODUCTION

ROMAN LIFE STARTED FROM 53 BC

TO 500 AD

THE CITY OF ROME WASESTABLISHED BY ROMULUS..

THE CIVILISATION FLOURISHED FOR

4 CENTURIES..

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INTRODUCTION

LATER IT WAS DIVIDED INTO 2 THE

EAST N WEST

AND AS USUAL THERE WERE RICH NPOOR CLASS

THERE WAS A DIFFERENCE IN THEIR

CLOTHING ALSO

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INTRODUCTION

It was originally worn mainly by the

working class freedmen and slaves,

though its function as an undergarment forany class of people is attested.

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INTRODUCTION

Dress for a Roman often, if not primarily,

signified rank, status, office, or authority. .

Ancient Rome was very much a face-to-face society and public display and

recognition of status were an essential

part of having status.

Much of Roman clothing was designed to

reveal the social status of its wearer,

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ANCIENT ROMAN CLOTHING..

Roman men generally wore two garments,

the tunica and the toga.

The tunica was a short woolen undergarment with short sleeves.

By contrast, to wear a long tunic with long

sleeves was considered effeminate

(UNAMNLY OR WOMANISH) and was

generally avoided by society as a whole

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ANCIENT ROMAN CLOTHING..

As the toga was specifically meant as a

public display garment, the tunica was

also worn by any people within thecomforts of their own homes.

The tunic worn by patrician men was

made from white wool or expensive linen,

while the poor would wear whatever fabricwas readily available

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ANCIENT ROMAN CLOTHING..

Similar to the toga, distinct tunics were

worn to signify one's title.

Magistrates wore the tunic augusticlavia,and senators wore a tunic with broad strip

called the tunica laticlavia.

In addition, a belt would be worn around

the waist of the tunica to hold the waist of

the garment snug, giving the impression of

a two piece garment........

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ANCIENT ROMAN CLOTHING..

The classic toga was a distinct Roman

garment that only actual citizens were

allowed to wear.

Its distinct purpose was to indicate

peaceful endeavors, as opposed to the

sagum cloak, worn during times of war..

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The toga was a large cumbersome robe

like garment of white wool and used up to

9 yards of material.

Being such a bulky and uncomfortable

article of clothing, it became customary in

later times to wear it only on state

occasions.

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During the time of Augustus, however, he

implemented a strict moral code requiring

the toga to be worn in all facets of public

life.

As time passed and Roman societal

tradition shifted and absorbed new

cultures, these rules were relaxed

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TOGA

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What is a Toga?

The most imp.garment

Principal garment of the Romans

Directly Copied from Greek drapedcostume

Made in diff.colors had a semi circular

stylish cloth. Romans who wore a toga were called

Togatus..

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It was usually draped on the figure by

starting at the left foot..

The straight edge was taken over theshoulder n arm , passed across the back

and under the right arm..

It was then carried across the chest,over

the left shoulder and the remaining portion

was left hanging dwn the back.

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If the ends were too long , they could be

shortned by tying knots in the cloth near

the ends

Sometimes the ends were allowed to

sweep the ground.

This was looked upon as a sign of high

rank n great dignity of the wearer

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All togas were not the same and each distinctive type could

mark a Roman's societal status or title. Some common,

known types:

The toga virilis was a plain, unadorned toga made in off-

white colour. It was worn by any adult male.

Toga praetexta was an off-white toga with a broad purple border.

This toga was reserved for Senators and Curule Magistrates such

as Consuls. There were minor distinctions between stripe

indications for various magistrate positions.

Toga pulla was a dark toga worn strictly in times of mourning.

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Toga candida was an artificially whitened toga worn bycandidates for political office.

It was important to be white to indicate both purity of

intention by the candidate and for the candidate himselfto stand out from the crowd.

The toga picta was a special all purple toga embroidered

with gold thread worn by a Roman general during atriumphal parade.

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Julius Caesar later adopted it as part of his regular dress

and the emperors followed suit by using this type during

many state occasions.

The picta was likely adapted from the aptly named togapurpura, an all-purple toga worn by the early kings.

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Women costume

Roman women also wore tunica in much the same

fashion as the men. There were two types, both adapted

from Greek fashion.

One, the peplos was made from two rectangular pieces

of cloth partially sewn together on both sides with the

open sections at the top folded down in the front and

back.

It was pulled over the head and fastened with two large

pins, forming a sleeveless dress. A belt was then tied

over or under the folds.

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The more common tunic worn by women was similar to

the Greek chiton. This sleeved garment was made from

two wide pieces of cloth sewn together near the top.

This garment was pulled over the head and fastened

with several pins or buttons to form a dress with various

styles and fits.

A belt could be worn under the breasts, at the waist, or

at the hips. Any tunics could be made of various colors

and fabric types depending on social status and wealth.

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Married women were required to wear the loose, toga

equivelant, stola. This long sleeveless tunic was strapped at the

shoulder, gathered in and girdled at the waist with the garmentextending to the feet.

In addition, the pulla was a sort of shawl to throw over the

whole figure, and to be worn out of doors.

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Although women had apparently worn togas in the early

years of Rome, by the middle of the Republican era the only

women who wore togas were common prostitutes.

Unlike men, therefore, women had an item of clothing that

symbolized lack of (or loss of) respectabilitythe toga. While

the toga was a mark of honor for a man, it was a mark of

disgrace for a woman.

Prostitutes of the lowest class, the street-walker variety, were

compelled to wear a plain toga made of coarse wool to

announce their profession, and there is some evidence thatwomen convicted of adultery might have been forced to wear

the prostitute's toga as a badge of shame.

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Accessories

Women particular wore many ornaments

like belts with gold n silver n precious

stones..

Both men n women wore many jewelled

rings.

The hair were tied up to at the top by

combs n pins..

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These pins n combs were made up of

wood ,ivory or bones.

Prostitutes were made to wear yellow

coloured wigs or dye their hair yellow.

There was very less difference in greek n

roman footwear.

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The usual outdoor shoes worn by both

men and women calscious(home made).

It was a shoe with a leather sole and

leather straps criss-crossing over the foot.

In the house,the romans simply wore

sandals called solea.

It was a leather sole which was tied by

cords.

Women wore decorative slippers.

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Cometics,washes ,paints and perfumes

were lavishly used by the Roman women.

White led to soften the skin and vermilion

to tint.