Date post: | 16-Apr-2017 |
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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity
Structure of the RepublicThe Punic Wars
Structure of the Republic
• Rome combined what were considered to be the best characteristics of a monarchy, aristocracy and democracy.
EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIALTwo consuls
• Command army and direct the government
• Limited power
• One year term
• Could veto the other’s decisions
Senate (patricians)•Perform legislative and administrative functions•300 upper class citizens•Influenced foreign/domestic policy
Tribal Assembly (plebians)•Organized by province•Members for life•Elected tribunes•Made laws for commoners
Centuriate Assembly•Citizen-soldiers•Members for life•Elected tribunes and made laws
Praetors•8 judges chosen for one year by Centuriate Assembly•2 oversaw civil and criminal courts•6 governed provinces
The Roman Army
• Romans placed great value on their military– Landowners required to serve in army– 10 years service required to hold certain public offices
• Organized into large military units called “legions”– Roman legion made up of 5,000 heavily armed men– Soldiers riding horseback (cavalry) accompanied them
• Divided into “centuries” of 80 men
Rome Conquers Italy• 4th cen. B.C. - Romans dominated central Italy
– Defeated Etruscans and Greeks• By 265 B.C. Rome completed its domination of
entire Italian peninsula• Treated each conquered area differently
– Nearby Latins became full citizens, could vote– Territories further away got full rights, except voting– Others became allies
Roman Power Expands• Lenient policy towards defeated enemies helped
Rome build a long lasting empire– Rome’s power spread for more than two centuries
• Also a powerful commercial state– Access to riches of lands around Mediterranean– Sometimes other large, powerful cities interfered
with Roman access to Mediterranean• One particular city was Carthage
Punic Wars• Conflicts between Rome and Carthage lasting
from 264 - 146 B.C. - 3 major wars
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For next class…• Complete Government Comparison Chart• Complete Punic Wars Charts• LATE WORK DEADLINE TODAY!