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Roman Senate200 B.C. Roman senate and Patricians
controlled Gov’tPlebeians gained right to elect tribunes (10)
to protect their interestsTribunes could veto (block) laws
UnrestThe senate bought out small peasant owners
landCaused a number of poor individuals to drift to
the city of Rome.Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus- Tribunes
who were killed by senators for urging them to give land back to the poor
Marius and SullaGeneral Marius promised land to the poor if
they joined army and swore allegiance to himSenate employs General Sulla to seize control
of the army and defeat Marius Civil War!Sulla wins with better trained Army
First TriumvirateThree Men- Crassus, Pompey, and Julius
Caesar divide power over empireTriumvirate- a Gov’t ruled by three people.
Power struggleCaesar commanded in GaulPompey commanded SpainCrassus commanded SyriaIn 53 B.C. Crassus was killed
in battle Leads to senate asking
Pompey to rule Rome and Caesar to surrender
Caesar is popular with Plebs
Caesar takes controlCaesar Crosses the
Rubicon river heading back to Rome no turning back
In 45 B.C. Caesar won a civil war in Rome and became the first dictator
Death of CaesarWhile dictator Caesar
gave land to the poor Kept senate but added
members to diminish power
In 44 B.C. he was assassinated
- Senators believed Caesar wanted to remain dictator for life.
The second triumvirateOctavian, Mark
Antony, and Lepidus formed the second triumvirate
Eventually Octavian (Caesars nephew) and Antony took control