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Romanian Labour Migration:Employees Perspective
Authors: Cristina Boboc*, Valentina Vasile,
Simona Ghi, Mihaela Covrig
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
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Main goals
representing the profile of the employeeswho have a favorable opinion aboutexternal emigration for work
identifying the most reliable ways ofmigration for the employees
identifying the characteristics of employeeswho are in favor of emigration for work for
better earnings
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Methodology
Survey on SME employees from urbanareas of the country
The survey was conducted with the support
of the Romanian Institute of Public OpinionSurvey (IRSOP Market Research &Consulting)
The survey had three main directionsaccording to the major weaknesses of theRomanian labor market: the respondentsopinion on discrimination, migration andundeclared work.
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Data set description
Interviews were conducted bytelephone in early June of 2012 byIRSOP operators
The duration for completing thequestionnaire was about 15-20minutes
The questionnaire had 33 questions
The sample size was set to 500employees
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Data set description
The first part of the questionnaire included questions forrespondents selection the employees of private companies, non-agricultural,
having between 1 and 249 employees
The sample structure: by SME size:
21.6% employed in micro-enterprises 24.7% employed in small enterprises 53.7% employed in medium enterprises
by the activity domain of the SME: 27.06% - in industry, 8.63% - in constructions 22.35% - in trade 5.49 % - in transport 36.47% - in other services.
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Data set description
The next part of the questionnaire includes generalquestions about the employee's activity and their work. These questions are useful to identify the profile of various
categories of employees, based on their perception regardingthe vulnerabilities on the labor market.
The next section of the questionnaire includes specificquestions to the study, namely the respondents opinion ondiscrimination, migration and illegal employment. Since all these issues are sensitive, by making the respondent
to hesitate in giving the true answer, we opted for generalformulations, often without direct reference to the interviewee.
The last section of the questionnaire includes socio-demographic questions. These will be used for studying the profile of the employees
with an attitude about discrimination, informal work oremigration.
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Empirical results
Ways to migrate for work
How much trust do you have in these ways of searching for a job (none / low / high)?
31 27
62
14
52
3
55
42
38
24
29
28
23
40
9
71
28
78
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%70%
80%
90%
100%
International DB National Agency for
Employment
Private agents Relatives/f riends Job search in
destination country
Posted w orkers
None Low High
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Empirical results
72% of employees do not seen migration as a positive solution
11% of those interested to go to work abroad consider that it isnot a good solution, because it may cause family problems.
Profile of those interested to work abroad: from the westernpart of the country, males, young people, without high educationallevels, with low experience at work, not members of trade unions
Ways to migrate for work:
Confidence in the international databases: employees working inservices or industry
Trust in private agents: employees with higher education
Confidence especially in relatives/friends or acquaintances: veryyoung workers (under 30 years)
Confidence in emigration by relocation: female employees inmedium companies in Bucharest, activating in industry or transport
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Empirical results
Potential migrant for work Statements regarding justifying the
emigration for work
Coef. Exp (coef.) Coef. Exp (coef.)
There have been layoffs, wage or non-wage
benefit cuts
-0.499** 0.607 4
Female gender -0.950*** 0.387 -0.881*** 0.415Male gender Ref Ref
1 year work experience 1.306*** 3.690
2 years work experience 1.069*** 2.914
3-5 years work experience 0.883*** 2.419
6-10 years work experience 0.560* 1.751
over 11 years work experience Ref Ref
Trade union member -0.769*** 0.464
Constant -1.338*** 0.262 -0.478*** 0.620
Hosmer-Lomeshow Test (2) 2=6.398, Sig=0.603 2=0.035, Sig=0.983
R2Cox&Snell 0.068 0.047
R2Nagelkerke 0.105 0.067
Percentage correct 78.6% 71.8%
Results obtained by applying binary logistic regression
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Policies to reduce migration
stimulating entrepreneurship could be a solution for keepingyoung people in the local economy
encouraging investments in the local economy: businessdevelopment would produce local development in a sustainablemanner, which would lead to maintaining the employees in thelocal economy.
organizing workers in unions
attract specialists in Romania through: stimulating business byfinancial aid for starting a new project, stimulating youngpeople in starting a business, stimulating innovation, research
development